To quote a friend of mine, "I like being right so much that, when I'm proven wrong, I change my mind."
@tim.a.k.mertensАй бұрын
That's my new motto
@watasht0ff360Ай бұрын
I say this all the time. Especially when people tell me I always want to be right. Yes, I do. That’s why when I’m wrong I’ll admit to it and take in the right information
@nysteelhorse18 күн бұрын
If only more people felt this way! I will memorize this and integrate it into my life!
@leontregerman4913 күн бұрын
That’s a great line!
@medina34202 күн бұрын
Excellent Quote. Stealing so I can be cool, too 😎
@youtubersdigest3 ай бұрын
See this is why I love scientists. When they disagree it doesn’t matter how you feel. One is wrong and the other is right. AND THEY CAN PROVE IT! Nobody leaves mad because you leaned something new
@cachorrodetiger3 ай бұрын
Science works …indeed!!! 👊🏼
@thetotalwarrior3 ай бұрын
I love how she dropped that equation and Neil just has this look that says "ok, I'm ready to accept that as fact" and by the end all he wants to do is try it for himself.
@MrIsaiahdix3 ай бұрын
exactumundo
@hardryv37193 ай бұрын
This is the core reasoning why science has largely suupplanted religion in the realm of epistemology.
@happyspaceinvader5083 ай бұрын
Exactly this. Whereas pseudoscientists (and similar purveyors of ignorance) would move the goalposts or litigate, or both.
@GamerbyDesign3 ай бұрын
You can tell she answered with no hesitation and followed it up with an exact number. When you know your s*** you know your s***.
@philippeperron40953 ай бұрын
Not really. She explained perfectly what is a cryoscopic constant of water (freezing point depression, a colligative peopery), but saying that it is why water cools down when you add salt is a complete different phenomena. Table salt has actually very little cooling effect when dissolved in water and some salts heat water when dissolved. If you want ro know more about these two unrelated phenomenas you can coogle "cryoscopic constant" and "enthalpy of solvatation".
@rhetta98263 ай бұрын
She's talking about freezing point depression. The negative 1.86° c refers to the new freezing point of the solution, not the room temperature equilibrium of the saltwater mix.
@philippeperron40953 ай бұрын
@@rhetta9826 Listen carefully, the topic is "why water cools down when you add salt in it". First, it's not true that all salts cool down water when you dissolve them. Secondly, she uses a very accurate definition of the cryoscopic constant of water to explain the phenomena, but freezing point depletion and enthalpy of solvation are unrelated topics. She definitely got confused in her explanation.
@thomasbecker96763 ай бұрын
@@philippeperron4095 I dunno, do I listen to the PhD chemist or random on the internet? Decisions, decisions.
@philippeperron40953 ай бұрын
@@thomasbecker9676 I'm analytical chemist, been working in the field for 12 years now and you can check what I'm saying simply by googling "cryoscopic constant" and "enthalpy of solvatation". That's up to you 😆
@bloodink95083 ай бұрын
For those who mistake Niel's enthusiasm for arrogance. Scientists love to be proven wrong, but they will require proof. That's the part that people mistake for arogance. The fact they don't just take your word for it and that they can back their word with study and experiment.
@redalawson38972 ай бұрын
I agree with what you said about scientists, but Neal is by far the most arrogant PERSON I’ve seen. I don’t watch many celebrities, but he makes my blood boil. He is literally THAT kid from class in every single conversation he has.
@soiledflapjacks19382 ай бұрын
@@redalawson3897 Example?
@mursuka802 ай бұрын
Well i am just surprised he did not know that fact before this. I learned it at elementary school.
@NoChance3452 ай бұрын
@@soiledflapjacks1938 One of the times he was on Rogan’s podcast is a great example. I could never take him seriously after that. It was like 3 hours of him interrupting or talking over Joe. His ego has just gotten so big that his favorite thing became people hearing him speak instead of just getting people interested about science.
@videowatch3992 ай бұрын
Like how Neil doesn't believe in genders, amd won't accept science as evidence.
@frogpaste3 ай бұрын
When Neil feels he knows something, he stands by it. But when he's shown to be wrong he's always humble and asks questions to learn more. Great character!
@BariumCobaltNitrog3n3 ай бұрын
No. He kept challenging her, hoping for a loophole he could crawl through. He never admits he's wrong. Ever.
@thomascromwell68403 ай бұрын
@@BariumCobaltNitrog3nHe has done it countless times and it's on video.
@ashwilliams49593 ай бұрын
Na he's challenging her cause as usual, he knows best in a field he knows nothing about. Neil the astrophysicist, is seemingly more educated in chemistry and human biology than he is in physics 😂 he's a muppet
@frogpaste3 ай бұрын
@@ashwilliams4959 He did challenge her, but when she demonstrated the truth of her claim, he acquiesced and asked for clarification.
@srkn57213 ай бұрын
“When he feels he knows something, he stands by it” No, Neil only stands by something if it’s a fact that he knows is 100% true. If he is unsure in any way and someone tells him something else, he will do what he just did in this video and do further research.
@thec72773 ай бұрын
that "FALSE!" sounded like Sheldon tbh
@PaddyPawsRescue3 ай бұрын
I thought of Dwight
@DefendAtlantis813 ай бұрын
-False! It sounded like Dwight.
@thec72773 ай бұрын
@@DefendAtlantis81 I stand corrected... 🙇
@DefendAtlantis813 ай бұрын
@@thec7277 -LOL Just joshin' bro
@alienq3603 ай бұрын
I not getting what is the discussion, please explain😊
@Emone117013 ай бұрын
I just imagine Niel going home and doing it and then going “well I’ll be…”
@Monochromicornicopia2 ай бұрын
She is incorrect. Salt in water does not lower the temperature of the water. It only lowers the freezing point of the mixture, not the actual temperature.
@visibletoallusersonyoutube59282 ай бұрын
@Monochromicornicopia she talks fast but she says freezing point depression . Nothing about it just cooling. So she seems mixed
@matthewreams4345Ай бұрын
@@Monochromicornicopia she never said lowers the temperature of the water, just lowers the temp. Probably referring to how allowing water to stay liquid at lower temps allows for that water to lower the temperature of the other substances.
@neobaud513Ай бұрын
He is totally right though
@DANGJOSАй бұрын
@@Monochromicornicopia It actually *does* lower the temperature of the water, but by *nowhere* near the amount necessary to make ice cream. It's actually the salt mixing with ice, which is highly endothermic. I don't know why neither of them talked about ice.
@mikel55823 ай бұрын
Hold on... Freezing point depression means that the liquid-to-solid phase change occurs at a lower temperature for saltwater than for pure water. When making ice cream, you need salted water AND ice. With ice equilibrated to a temperature well below freezing (e.g., 0F), the salted water cool and then hold at a lower temperature due to freezing point depression. This is a different phenomenon than an endothermic process leading to a temperature change upon mixing. For example, water will cool appreciably when urea is dissolved into it. That has nothing to do with freezing point depression. I've never seen Neil concede so quickly but, unless there's more to this conversation, I think hhe was correct that the phenomena behind "instant" cold packs and making ice cream are not the same thing.
@OutstandingOtter3 ай бұрын
I was thinking the same thing. This is the first comment I've seen where someone is talking about the endothermic reaction of salt dissolving.
@Trumpstinks3 ай бұрын
I have never heard of a chemical reaction that Lowe's the temperature. I think Neil was right. I need to check, but I've heard salt only lowers the freezing point temperature of water. They add salt to roads in the winter to liquefy the ice into water.
@daveshope35153 ай бұрын
Agreed
@ryanmcgowan30612 ай бұрын
I think whoever edited the video spliced two different conversations, because it was clearly about endothermic reactions, and once ice cream was mentioned, it was about freezing point suppression, and whoever edited it didn't realize that was no longer the same topic.
@serendipidus84822 ай бұрын
Agreed. Ice cream is made with ice and salt.
@silverwolf4693 ай бұрын
Intellect is so attractive to me.
@SedoKai2 ай бұрын
She was wrong though. She demonstrated that she does indeed know things, and apparently that that knowledge was attained mainly by rote, but she also showed us that she doesn't understand how those concepts relate to each other. For instance, she gave an equation that describes FPD/BPE, dT=K(f)bi, but when asked mere seconds later by Neil how much the temperature would decrease when putting table salt in water she responded flatly -1.86°C... How much salt? How much water? She literally just finished saying that molality matters but then failed to incorporate that into the immediately proceeding response. Also, FPD is not an explanation for why NaCl dissolution in water is endothermic.
@armandb.8737Ай бұрын
education is not intelligence
@vortexlegend10110 күн бұрын
@@armandb.8737education promotes intelligence. Trying to say that “intelligence” is a singular characteristic that is fixed from birth is complete nonsense, almost every skill can be learned. Intelligence refers to a ton of different things, many of which you learn over time.
@armandb.873710 күн бұрын
@@vortexlegend101 humans were evolving long before education. Education is just one of the tools and its mostly memory based. Brain is not bound to math It can be trained by any problem solving.
@blackdrive2953 ай бұрын
That mic drop was appropriate 👌
@deadfisher0000Ай бұрын
Except for her being wrong, or at least confused about two seperate phenomena.
@mblend273 ай бұрын
To clarify Neil's and her points in the context of average and median temperatures, let's break down the scenarios with precise definitions and explanations: ### Average Temperature The average temperature (or mean temperature) is the total thermal energy divided by the mass of water in the glass. When salt is added to ice water: - **Neil's Point**: If we assume no significant loss of heat to the surroundings and the system is isolated, the total thermal energy in the glass with salt may remain approximately the same compared to the plain ice water. This means that the **average temperature** might not differ significantly between the two glasses. ### Median Temperature The median temperature is the middle value of the temperature distribution in the glass. When salt is added: - **Her Point**: The process of adding salt lowers the freezing point of water and causes ice to melt more quickly. This results in a mixture where some parts of the glass have very cold melted water, while other parts are slightly warmer due to the mixing process. This creates a wider distribution of temperatures within the glass. Consequently, the **median temperature** (the midpoint of this distribution) would likely be lower in the glass with salt because of these colder regions. ### Summary - **Average Temperature**: If the system is isolated and no significant heat is lost or gained from the environment, the average temperature of the two glasses might be quite similar. The energy absorbed in melting the ice and dissolving the salt slightly lowers the temperature, but the total heat content distributed over the same mass might keep the average temperature close. - **Median Temperature**: In the glass with salt, the rapid melting of ice and the resulting pockets of very cold water lead to a lower median temperature. This means there are more colder regions, pushing the median value of the temperature distribution down. ### Conclusion Neil's point about the average temperature remaining the same holds true in an isolated system with no significant external heat exchange. Her point about the median temperature being lower is also correct, as the salt creates colder regions within the mixture. Therefore, both points are valid within their respective contexts: the average temperature might stay similar, while the median temperature in the glass with salt will be lower due to the presence of very cold areas from the melting ice.
@kellyrobinson178011 күн бұрын
Very nice! Thanks! I made this reply to another comment on this video, and I'd like your input, if you'd care to: ------------------------------- Here's the way it seems to me. (Corrections from trained individuals such as science teachers, chemists, grad students, etc., gratefully accepted.) Let's take it from the top: You start with water, but you want to turn it to ice, so you begin chilling it, which means you're stealing heat from it. (I'm going to use calories as the unit of heat.) Removing 1 calorie of heat from 1 gram of water reduces its temperature by 1°F, or SOMETHING like that. The actual numbers don't matter to this example. The idea is that ABOVE the freezing point (32°F/0°C) the change is straightforward and linear. Now here are some facts a lot of people don't know: you can have water at O°C, and you can have ice at 0°C. This is where it's crucial to understand that temperature and heat are NOT the same things. I'm not going to struggle to explain it here, go look up the difference between temperature and heat at your convenience. But a bathtub full of water at room temp contains a lot more heat than a candle flame at whatever (maybe around 500° F?). Ice at 0°C contains less HEAT than water at 0°C. The difference is in the phase change. Chill water to 0°C. It's still water. But if you continue to remove heat from it, it freezes. The phase change from water to ice, or ice to water, involves the loss or gain of a disproportionate amount of HEAT, without any change in temperature. The loss or gain goes into creating the phase change. In continuing to chil water at 0°C, only after all the water turns to ice does the TEMPERATURE of the newly formed ice begin to drop again. The only time ice is at 0°C is at the melting/freezing point. (Once frozen solid, the temperature of ice can be taken down to near absolute zero.) But at 0°C, a volume (say a pint) of water that has been frozen to ice is "colder" in a way than water at 0°C, because more heat has been removed from it to create the phase change. And therein lies the secret of freezing ice cream. Adding salt to ice FORCES the phase change to water at a lower TEMPERATURE, with no gain or loss of HEAT. It essentially creates SUPERCOOLED water. Whereas the ICE was not in full, intimate contact with the vessel containing the mixture destined to become ice cream, the water IS. This allows the maximum, most rapid heat exchange between the fluid ice cream mix and the supercooled water. The supercooled water steals the heat from the ice cream fluid, which then undergoes a phase change (freezes), as the supercooled water warms. Notes: Common table salt (NaCl, sodium chloride, halite) can only melt water ice within a certain, narrow range of temperatures. I think the minimum is something like 28°F, maybe as low as 25, I don't remember. (Just a few degrees below zero C.) But that's why other kinds of salts, like calcium chloride, are often used to melt ice on sidewalks and streets. They'll work at lower temperatures. But even they have their limits. If the ice is TOO cold, no salt will have any effect. So for ice cream, if you use table salt, the temperatures must be relatively higher, and your ice cream may be soft and kind of mushy. If you want it to freeze more solidly, you have to use another kind of salt, and colder ice.
@mikeruland47073 ай бұрын
Okay we need to see a video of Neil doing the experiment. I'm going to follow this with baited breath.
@kerisolomon71583 ай бұрын
That would actually make for some good content especially following this interview
@jeremiahlethoba82543 ай бұрын
You can try it yourself in your kitchen 😅
@BariumCobaltNitrog3n3 ай бұрын
Ew, save your worms. It's BATED breath. Bate as in abated means restrain.
@ashwilliams49593 ай бұрын
Na he won't prove himself wrong
@akashaabeysundara84543 ай бұрын
Basically, when you dissolve salt like NaCl, it dissociates into Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ions, and this process requires energy which is absorbed from the surroundings.
@muzzymuzzy123 ай бұрын
She explained it..
@SedoKai2 ай бұрын
@@muzzymuzzy12no she didn't. FDP is an incorrect explanation
@DANGJOSАй бұрын
Very little energy. It's not enough to make ice cream. You need ice and salt.
@derrekOTR3 ай бұрын
To the Learning Cave!
@ItchyNavel2 ай бұрын
Things kind of got mixed up there, pardon the pun, salt lowers the freezing point of a solution but does not cause the solution to get cold. Cold packs get cold because the mixing process of the ionic compound and water is endothermic, sucking heat out of the surroundings. I don't recall if table salt mixing in water is endothermic, but if it is, it is very minimally endothermic, not nearly enough to freeze ice cream. The ice you use to freeze the ice cream is much colder than zero Celsius, but the salt allows the liquid/ice solution to get colder than zero when the solution would normally be limited to zero.
@DANGJOSАй бұрын
Even if the ice starts out at 0C, it will get much colder with added salt due to the endothermic nature of the reaction. However, you're correct that salt in liquid water is only very weakly endothermic, and it is not the cause of making ice cream.
@joeshmoe7967Ай бұрын
The salt allows the ice to liquify but maintain the below 0 temp. The liquid has better coverage of the vessel, and better cooling. Crushed ice at -20 would not work as well as regular ice and salt. The liquid is the key. The salt may add a bit more cooling, but not significantly, as fars as making icecream is concerned Yes I have made lots of ice cream.
@Fernando-ek8jpАй бұрын
She didn't say that the salt makes it cold enough to make ice cream. She said that it drops the temp down just by a couple of degrees because, surprise surprise, dissolving salt in water is an endothermic reaction.
@DANGJOSАй бұрын
@@joeshmoe7967 The last part isn't correct. The salt does add a significant amount of cooling. You can't just turn ice into a liquid for free; it takes *a lot* of energy! This energy comes from the surroundings. If you add salt to 0 degree ice, it will cool down a lot, perhaps as much as 20 degrees.
@DANGJOSАй бұрын
@@Fernando-ek8jp It's barely endothermic. However, salt in ice is highly endothermic. I'm very confused as to why this has been completely missing from the discussion.
@usuariocelular80653 ай бұрын
2 scientists enter 1 scientist leaves..
@Dr_PeeWee2 ай бұрын
No, 2 scientists with two independent observational hypotheses present their evidence and find that one hypothesis is wrong and the other is right due to the evidence. What we watched was basically an in person peer-review. You don't prove things "right" in science. You fail to disproove the hypothesis until you can no longer perform experiments to prove it wrong. And way too many people get heated because they view it as an arrogant, hurtful way to think.
@mwesigwajoshua3264Ай бұрын
Great movie idea
@tim.a.k.mertensАй бұрын
2 scientists and a guest enter 3 scientists leave
@philippeperron40953 ай бұрын
Incorrect. She explained why water cools down when you add some salts (some have the opposite effect) in water by accurately describing the cryoscopic constant of water. The phenomena that explains the change of temperature when you add different salts in water is called enthalpy of dissolution. These two phenomena are unrelated.
@Monochromicornicopia2 ай бұрын
This is not true. Salt does not ionize in water therefore there is no chemical reaction and no change in temperature.
@ArashZarei95Ай бұрын
Dr.Niel is implicitly teaching us how to reason professionally and correctly
@MercedesLefrancois5 күн бұрын
This made me so happy to see Niel is such a great role model, takes a big man to be able to handle being wrong so gracefully
@ShinoNCАй бұрын
It's also why they salt the roads before and after it snows/ices in the winter. The salt lowers the freezing point of water, allowing the snow/ice to melt at a lower temp than normal.
@ACU_misfit3 ай бұрын
Hope NDT has some calamine lotion for that burn.
@annakeye3 ай бұрын
Nah, but he'll have plenty of salty, cold water to put on it.
@SpikeLeesUnfiltered3 ай бұрын
I always thought table salt helps increase the boiling rate while seasoning the water for my pasta
@bloodink95083 ай бұрын
@SpikeLeesUnfiltered if I'm not mistaken it actually raises the boiling point. Meaning the water gets hotter before boiling. This allows the water cooking the pasta to be hotter while preventing boiling over.
@Monochromicornicopia2 ай бұрын
He was actually correct but chose not to embarrass her on the podcast. She is incorrect. Salt in water does not lower the temperature of the water. It only lowers the freezing point of the mixture, not the actual temperature.
@jasonv.59382 ай бұрын
@@Monochromicornicopia what's your degree in? Because hers is in chemistry.
@guardiandemon32363 ай бұрын
God this is refreshing discourse that ends in a goal to test a new hypothesis right or wrong this is what ideological debates should yield not screaming or popularity contests
@bloodink95083 ай бұрын
Best thing about the scientific process is that it typically leads to repeatable results. No ideology required. No emotions relevant. This is why science is not a religion.
@Sinjinator2 ай бұрын
Yes, especially when God is invoked! OMG!!!!
@dannyd1605Ай бұрын
She’s beautiful and extremely smart and a kind person.
@JusCJay2 күн бұрын
The one-upper is one-upped! Neil met his match😅 My new favorite video on the entire internet. Next time Neil…next time
@AMadd3RHatt3R3 ай бұрын
I love the experiment gauntlet!! 😮😅
@xyz86973 ай бұрын
Yay! I knew this, it's in my high school chemistry book! Probably the only time I'm gonna know something that Neil doesn't!
@zedmelon3 ай бұрын
So, for clarification... is it as simple as adding salt to water--and the temp will drop?
@psyckwhoever41973 ай бұрын
@@zedmelonJust by a little and only if the salt *dissolves* in the water, but yeah. That's it. Just fill a bowl with water and stir it with one hand, while the other hand adds the salt 👍
@Monochromicornicopia2 ай бұрын
Actually Neil was correct. She is incorrect. Salt in water does not lower the temperature of the water. It only lowers the freezing point of the mixture, not the actual temperature.
@seannyo482 ай бұрын
You know what you know. Neil doesn’t know what he doesn’t know.
@xyz86972 ай бұрын
@@Monochromicornicopia Brother she actually mentioned "Depression of freezing point" even gave you the formula, plus she is a chemist, she would know.
@daithipol4 күн бұрын
Put salt in water... quite a vague couple of parameters. ... it goes down by minus 1.86⁰C... quite presice 🤔 Also we put salt on icy roads to melt ice not freeze it further. Freezing point depression is when a solute is added to a solvent the maximum temperature at which the solution freezes drops.
@blackbirdpie217Ай бұрын
If the temperature goes down by a negative 1.86 Deg C. it increases. It warms up. (Double negative) It agtually goes down by 1.86 deg.C. making it colder. But I also agree with Mr. D.T. as in addition to temperature drop the ice melts and makes a slurry without warming, increasing the heat exchange from the cream churn to the slurry.
@kryzieg3 ай бұрын
easy experiment: put salt on the back of your hand and rub it with ice 😂
@Monochromicornicopia2 ай бұрын
That would prove her incorrect very quickly. The ice doesn't decrease in temperature when it comes in contact with salt lmao
@nevillewhite19663 ай бұрын
It's a discussion, and he simply gave his opinion and said that he would test it. He didn't sound dogmatic.
@Monochromicornicopia2 ай бұрын
He is right though. She was incorrect and arrogant about it haha
@itxclangamerАй бұрын
Freezing point depression is not the reason for the temperature change during dissolution. Instead, it is the enthalpy of mixing. If the energy required to separate the solute particles is greater than the energy released during the solvation of the solute particles, then the dissolution process would absorb heat/energy from the surroundings resulting in cooling of the surroundings (lowering of temperature). This process can also be exothermic if the energy released in solvation of solute particles is greater than the energy required to separate the solute particles. In this case, heating would be observed. Freezing point depression is a different phenomenon where WE HAVE TO cool a solute-solvent mixture to a lower temperature for freezing to take place. This is because the entropy of mixture is greater than that of the pure solvent. Therefore, there is more disorder present in the mixture and further cooling is required to obtain the less disordered solid state of the solvent (i.e. freezing).
@Outdoorookie5 күн бұрын
Neil is absolutely right here. Salt lowers freezing point, not related to temperature change.
@a.m.14093 ай бұрын
if it goes DOWN by -1.86°C, doesn't that mean that delta t is +1.86°C? Language is so easily misunderstood, I love it.
@ryanmcgowan30612 ай бұрын
The freezing point goes down, not the temperature, but whoever edited the video conflated two topics and caused a lot of confusion here.
@mistayg27883 ай бұрын
Neil needs to do this with Terrance Howard
@Fernando-ek8jpАй бұрын
No he doesn't. He really, really doesn't. It's chess with a pigeon.
@fredericdudley61842 ай бұрын
It depends on the salt. If you dissolve Ammonium Nitrate in water, the temperature will drop, it is an endothermic reaction. If you dissolve Calcium Chloride in water, the temperature will rise, it is an exothermic reaction. They may be confusing another thing called the freezing point depression that occurs when a salt is dissolved in water. It also raises the boiling point.
@KatyTheGeekКүн бұрын
Absolutely love it. Experiment time!
@shaned44803 ай бұрын
Freezing point depression isn't the same as lower the temperature. More confused after this than before lol
@yourmom3613 ай бұрын
Yeah I'm sure the doctor of chemistry is wrong and you're right smh
@Monochromicornicopia2 ай бұрын
That's what Neil tried to tell her before she arrogantly cut him off and recited a formula haha
@afterthought0542 ай бұрын
Exactly what I was thinking. By using salt it'd take a lower tenp for the liquid to freeze. That however DOESN'T mean that it'll lower the temperature
And yet if you out a bottle of wine in an ice bucket and a second bottle of the same wine in another ice bucket and both started with the same amount of ice and the bottles at the same temp...and pour salt all over the ice of one...the wine will chill in the same environment markedly faster. I think it actually does get colder because if you lower the freezing point of ice, the environment that it was in is now that much hotter relatively speaking because the new freezing point is also the new melting point. Since heat is just a measure of energy, we don't look at the bottle getting colder as what's happening we look at the ice now melting at a faster rate as it robs heat energy from the bottle of wine desperately trying to bring everything that is I'm contact with it to equilibrium. If the freezing point is of the ice is now lower but the ice was in a frozen state before you changed the parameters with salt, the equilibrium point in the middle will be lower than the bottle without. Anyway, that's my understanding of it.
@bombayharombay36713 ай бұрын
Neil: Lady what? Speak English please
@SiriusMined3 ай бұрын
She spoke chemistry
@ianhenry3178 күн бұрын
“Do not correct a fool, or he will hate you; correct a wise man, and he will appreciate you.”
@fkytubchanel2 ай бұрын
She deserves a medal a trophy and a special ceremony for having corrected Neil de GT and kept him quiet for a few precious seconds of victory. :) although I have to admit I am Neils number one fan😊
@SemiPerfectDark3 ай бұрын
Adding salt to water affects both its boiling and freezing points due to the phenomenon known as colligative properties, which are properties that depend on the number of dissolved particles in a solution. 1. **Boiling Point Elevation**: When salt (or any solute) is added to water, it causes the boiling point of the water to increase. This is known as boiling point elevation. The salt ions disrupt the formation of vapor bubbles within the liquid, requiring a higher temperature to reach the boiling point. In simple terms, the presence of salt makes it harder for water molecules to escape into the gas phase, so the water must be heated to a higher temperature to boil. 2. **Freezing Point Depression**: Adding salt to water lowers its freezing point, a phenomenon called freezing point depression. The salt ions interfere with the formation of the solid ice structure, making it harder for water molecules to align into a solid form. As a result, the solution needs to be at a lower temperature than pure water to freeze. This is why salt is often used to melt ice on roads in winter; it lowers the freezing point of water, causing ice to melt even at temperatures below the normal freezing point of 0°C (32°F). In summary, adding salt to water elevates the boiling point and lowers the freezing point due to the disruption caused by the dissolved salt ions in the molecular structure and phase changes of water. The phenomena of boiling point elevation and freezing point depression can be described using colligative property formulas. Here are the key formulas and explanations: 1. **Boiling Point Elevation**: \[ \Delta T_b = i \cdot K_b \cdot m \] - \(\Delta T_b\) is the increase in the boiling point. - \(i\) is the van't Hoff factor, which represents the number of particles the solute dissociates into (for NaCl, \(i = 2\) because it dissociates into Na\(^+\) and Cl\(^-\)). - \(K_b\) is the ebullioscopic constant (boiling point elevation constant) of the solvent (for water, \(K_b \approx 0.512 \, \text{°C kg/mol}\)). - \(m\) is the molality of the solution (moles of solute per kilogram of solvent). 2. **Freezing Point Depression**: \[ \Delta T_f = i \cdot K_f \cdot m \] - \(\Delta T_f\) is the decrease in the freezing point. - \(i\) is the van't Hoff factor. - \(K_f\) is the cryoscopic constant (freezing point depression constant) of the solvent (for water, \(K_f \approx 1.86 \, \text{°C kg/mol}\)). - \(m\) is the molality of the solution. ### Example Calculation: If we add 1 mole of NaCl (table salt) to 1 kg of water: 1. **Determine the van't Hoff factor**: - NaCl dissociates into Na\(^+\) and Cl\(^-\), so \(i = 2\). 2. **Calculate the molality**: - Since we have 1 mole of solute (NaCl) in 1 kg of solvent (water), the molality \(m = 1 \, \text{mol/kg}\). 3. **Boiling Point Elevation**: \[ \Delta T_b = i \cdot K_b \cdot m = 2 \cdot 0.512 \, \text{°C kg/mol} \cdot 1 \, \text{mol/kg} = 1.024 \, \text{°C} \] So, the boiling point of water would increase by approximately 1.024°C. 4. **Freezing Point Depression**: \[ \Delta T_f = i \cdot K_f \cdot m = 2 \cdot 1.86 \, \text{°C kg/mol} \cdot 1 \, \text{mol/kg} = 3.72 \, \text{°C} \] So, the freezing point of water would decrease by approximately 3.72°C. These calculations demonstrate how the addition of salt affects the boiling and freezing points of water, making it boil at a higher temperature and freeze at a lower temperature.
@muzzymuzzy123 ай бұрын
Time you can't get back
@mr.spinoza3 ай бұрын
She said that salt "makes the temperature (of water) go down" whereas what you said made no mention of that. Why does it make something colder?
@imaryn56033 ай бұрын
ai
@charlesmaunder3 ай бұрын
Freezing point depression just means that the water has a lower freezing temperature. That doesn't lower the temperature of the water.
@BroYT6232 ай бұрын
FALSE! It's a drop in highest temp it freezes, caused by another substance being added. Well know examples of this include salt being added to water.
@BroYT6232 ай бұрын
In the process of freezing point depression the crystals in salts case absorb energy from the water cooling it.
@dandoriii2842Ай бұрын
Still seems like two different things. Salt added to ice when making ice cream lowers the melting point of the ice so it can absorb heat at a temp below the normal freezing point. In the ice pack example, a solid is dissolved into a liquid. In many cases this is exothermic but can spread strongly endothermic for some combination. So the first is energy involved in a change of state. The second is energy involved in dissolving.
@rozofn33092 ай бұрын
quick correction adding salt to water doesn't make the water itself colder, but it lowers the freezing point of the water. This means that the water can remain in liquid form at temperatures below 0°C (32°F), which is the normal freezing point of pure water. So, the addition of salt allows the water to be colder without freezing, but it doesn't lower the actual temperature of the water on its own.
@donaldcarpenter53283 ай бұрын
NDT not afraid to ADMIT he is WRONG!
@Monochromicornicopia2 ай бұрын
He was right actually and never admitted otherwise. She is incorrect. Salt in water does not lower the temperature of the water. It only lowers the freezing point of the mixture, not the actual temperature.
@Chicago_Native2 ай бұрын
Even when he's not. That's a lot of empathy right there.
@wilfyboy452 ай бұрын
But he is right!
@cakeman58Ай бұрын
@@Monochromicornicopiait can do both.
@SarcasticDave1013 ай бұрын
This makes sense, because I've heard chef's say that adding salt to water increases the time it takes for the water to boil. I never understood why...until now.
@GNP3WP3W3 ай бұрын
That’s not the reason why it takes longer to boil. Solutes in water naturally raise the boiling point of water due to ionic forces within the solution
@Theprofessorator3 ай бұрын
@@GNP3WP3W right, this is the part everyone (or at least my mom) misses. It doesn't make it boil faster, it makes it boil hotter.
@ryanmcgowan30612 ай бұрын
Sort of it is the same (or related, anyway), but the video starts off talking about endothermic reactions and whoever edited the video spliced it with a different topic, which was freezing point suppression. But the reason it takes longer to boil salt water is it raised the boiling point temperature of the solution, and the reason the boiling point of salt water is higher is you're having to undo the chemical bonds of the salt ions and water molecules before the water can break free and become water vapor.
@rjathar11 сағат бұрын
I can't believe he conceded so quickly and readily... She literally said what he's always maintained, that it lowers the freezing point... Which is different from an endothermic reaction (the ice packs) causing "temperature depression" aka a perceptible cooling of the mixture When you salt your driveway in the winter, it lowers the freezing point of the salt water solution so it doesn't easily refreeze (which causes all the tiktok videos of people slipping and falling)... According to her, the driveway would suddenly get way colder than it already is
@NornAArnBard2 ай бұрын
Kudos to Tyson posting him being corrected. It’s outside of his field of expertise
@Monochromicornicopia2 ай бұрын
Actually he is correct and tried to help her understand but she was too arrogant to listen. Salt in water does not lower the temperature of the water. It only lowers the freezing point of the mixture, not the actual temperature.
@travisberg90313 ай бұрын
This is Great! The smile on her face as she thinks "oh Damn! Neil is WRONG and I get to Tell him". With Zero hesitation. ❤🎉
@SedoKai2 ай бұрын
Hilariously, she was also wrong. If she had just stopped at "False!" she would've been okay. But she felt compelled to toss herself right into the weeds with him.
@travisberg90312 ай бұрын
@@SedoKai I think you should clean your glasses. She spouted out more formulas like Breathing, than anyone ever has on Startalk. She never misspoke, but Neil does at Least once Every episode... I forgot this was a short, which she was correct in, but I was referring to the actual episode...
@charlesmaunder2 ай бұрын
She was very wrong. What's worse, it was in her own subject.
@outlawblack1233 ай бұрын
Adding salt lowers the freezing point of water. You do not change tempurature by adding salt to water, lol. Neil was trying to be nice I think. Adding salt for ice cream is related to changing freezing points as well.
@Armadder3 ай бұрын
It seems it brings down the temperature of the water due to an endothermic reaction. However, she made it seem like it's because of freezing point depression. Freezing point depression seems to be related to the icecream situation, where you make the water's freezing point lower, allowing you to make the water colder by the ice surrounding it while also not freezing the water into ice. Meanwhile, salt in water causes an endothermic reaction, causing the water to be ever so slightly colder. I think they both confused each other.
@outlawblack1233 ай бұрын
@@Armadder there is no way the salt is going to absorb heat enough for you to feel it unless you dumped the entire Morton salt container in the glass of water.
@Armadder3 ай бұрын
@@outlawblack123 LOL, yeah, that part I don't buy. From the stuff I've looked up so far, it seems it doesn't bring the temperature down a lot. I'm sure there are salts or other chemicals that can bring the temps down a lot, but table salt? I highly doubt it.
@outlawblack1233 ай бұрын
@@Armadder Yeah, something she heard on tick tok probably. Neil was just being nice but no way he was going to believe her or try that at home. Lol
@WhiteBuffaloWakanGli3 ай бұрын
You should try it!
@JohnHudert13 ай бұрын
Need the follow up video!!! I wanna see Neil doing SCIENCE!!
@markmurray914Ай бұрын
Chuck is low key BRILLIANT hiding behind his comedy.
@rin-eri3 ай бұрын
Girl came prepared with NUMBERS 😂😂
@eazyleezy853 ай бұрын
And letters!
@Monochromicornicopia2 ай бұрын
She was confidently wrong haha. Neil didn't want to further embarrass her in public.
@rerekouassi49402 ай бұрын
Yeah she def wrong , freezing point dropped but not temperature that’s why we melt icey roads with salt… same temperature but just turns it to liquid. We feel it colder because liquid absorbs heat better than solid ice… but temperature is unchanged.
@lethalogicax24743 ай бұрын
I wish more people were like this! Neil: I think this because reason Guest: False! And heres the equation Neil: Well damn, I was wrong
@FoolOfATuque2 ай бұрын
That’s why putting salt on an icy road or path works. Lowers the freezing point and causes the water to stay liquid.
@CommackMark2 ай бұрын
hmmm... salt in liquid water lowers the temp? perhaps..... didn't know that... but it definitely lowers the temp of a liquid ice mixture. A slush of pure liquid water stays at 32F..... half liquid half ice....all heat change works on state change solid/liquid at constant temp of 32F. But add salt that changes the state temp transition to a lower temp. This is how an icre maker works. You put a metal bowl in the salt slush. metal transfers heat well. The salt slush temp drops to about 20F or so while the cream still freezes around 32F F.
@rhetta98263 ай бұрын
I believe her argument is fallacious: she mentions freezing point depression, which is distinct from the equilibrium temperature of the just-combined salt and water mix in room temperature conditions.
@kirkmichaelsbackyardtunes3 ай бұрын
Agreed. If you add salt to ice. You'll end up with liquid water and ice with an equilibrium temp of 0°c. Right?? And if you add salt to water, the temp won't change, but it will have a lower freezing point should it be chilled.
@JC199993 ай бұрын
Yup. Dissolving table salt in water WILL lower the temperature of the water, but that's because the ion dissolution for NaCl is a slightly endothermic process, and heat is being absorbed from the water to drive it. Ammonium Nitrate produces a much more dramatic version of this cooling effect, while a salt like Calcium Chloride produces an exothermic reaction and actually heats the water up. All three salts will depress the freezing point of the water, which is a separate effect.
@kirkmichaelsbackyardtunes3 ай бұрын
@@JC19999 I'm no chemist, but your explanation makes sense. Thank you!
@mikel55823 ай бұрын
@@kirkmichaelsbackyardtunes Not really. If you mix ice and pure water, the temperature of whole system will hold somewhat steady just under the phase transition temperature of 0C (aka, the freezing point of pure water) while the ice melts. If you add salted water to ice, the temperature will reach just below the freezing point for the salt water. Pure liquid water CANNOT be lower than 0C, else it undergoes a liquid-to-solid phase transition to become ice. Salt water undergoes that transition at a lower temperature so salted water can be made colder than pure water. The point is to bring the solution temperature below the milk/cream/sugar freezing point. Neil was actually right that freezing point depression is not related to the phenomenon of instant cold packs. As an aside, this is why steam (water in gas phase) can be way hotter than boiling water. Pure water can only exist as a liquid between 0 and 100 C (at standard atmospheric pressure). Ice can be way colder than 0C and steam can be way hotter than 100C.
@rhetta98262 ай бұрын
@@kirkmichaelsbackyardtunes pretty much yes. The caveat that I would add is a response to your statement about an equilibrium temperature of 0° c. Is that it depends upon what the ambient temperature is to begin with. If the ambient temperature is -5° c with frozen ice, then adding the salts will indeed make some combination of a liquid in solid solution but still at -5° c. That is assuming that enough salt has been added to lower the freezing point depression sufficiently so. To your second statement- correct. This is, of course neglecting any possible enthalpy change associated with salt being added to the water that might increase or decrease the temperature of the solution depending on whether the enthalpy of solvation is endothermic or exothermic.
@mjhns23 ай бұрын
To make water take longer to boil add salt, has a new meaning now.
@wild_lee_coyote3 ай бұрын
Salt increases the boiling point of water. So it will take a little longer to reach the higher boiling point.
@GnanaPrakash86AP3 ай бұрын
What's with all the opposite takes here? 😅 Salt reduces boiling point making it easier to boil the solution. You can try it by heating up water so that it's about to boil then quickly adding salt. It instantly will start boiling
@BariumCobaltNitrog3n3 ай бұрын
@@GnanaPrakash86AP Thank you. People are losing it here.
@philippeperron40953 ай бұрын
@@GnanaPrakash86AP The cryoscopic constant of water makes it freeze at lower temperature by adding salt in it, the ebulioscopic constant makes it boils at higher temperature when you add salt in it and the instantaneous change of temperature when you add salt (enthalpy of dissolution) depends on the salt: some will heat the water whereas others will cool it down.
@mjhns23 ай бұрын
@@GnanaPrakash86AP I probably wasn’t clear. What I meant was I always heard that adding salt to water made the water take longer to boil. Which is basically what the video shows.
@stevebaker10712 ай бұрын
Adding salt doesn't lower the actual temp of the water. It drops the freezing point from 32F to approx. 27F. That's why they don't put salt on roads when the temp is extremely cold because it won't work.
@Xyrer10 күн бұрын
Neil: "I would claim..." She: false (fórmula) Neil: (accepted. I was wrong) by how much Gotta love science
@fuscello3 ай бұрын
I’m so like Neil, I love physics, but I cannot for my life understand anything about chemistry 😭
@BennyBigIron3 ай бұрын
He knows about salt and water (he’s an astrophysicist) they probably did this as a stunt to get people watching to engage in experimentation and try this themselves. And hey, I’m all for that!
@JimKJeffries5 күн бұрын
I add magnesium chloride to my ice baths, it makes it colder & it absorbs best from your skin.
@user-nx9nx1ge1xАй бұрын
Here's the experiment. Put a bowl of water and bottle of water in the fridge. Take them both out, put a bunch of salt and ice into the water, put the bottle of water into the water. The salty water will become colder than 32 F. The ice will melt and make supercooled water, and the supercooled water should freeze the water in the bottle which doesn't have the salt. It doesn't decrease the temperature directly, though; it allows the ice to decrease the temperature.
@1000REMBOY3 ай бұрын
NDT's face while you're talking in the middle of his conversation: 😐
@ZeroOskul3 ай бұрын
I love it when Neil talks as though an authority outside his field of astrophysics and pretends to know more than actual experts in those fields... and then challenges experts in those fields and loses. STAY IN YOUR FIELD, NEIL!!!
@BariumCobaltNitrog3n3 ай бұрын
He doesn't have knowledge so much as suitcases full of "This Will Impress You" and "I'll Bet You Didn't Know..." and "This is Startalk and you are getting moist..."
@MightOfOgun3 ай бұрын
No he doesn't! That's why he brings people on from different fields!
@ZeroOskul3 ай бұрын
@@MightOfOgun That's why he challenged the expert in this video.
@nevillewhite19663 ай бұрын
It's a discussion, and he simply gave his opinion and said that he would test it. He didn't sound dogmatic.
@ZeroOskul3 ай бұрын
@@nevillewhite1966 His layman opinion in the face of the formula from the mouth of an expert is him pretending to know more than an expert. Nobody said he sounded dogmatic. He sounds like an idiot.
@Randomchannelname22 ай бұрын
Ok elevation of freesing point is a colligative property that increases the freesing point of the solution but it wont actually change the temperature the temperature is constant but it just solidifys
@SaidThoughts17 күн бұрын
What I don't get is why does salt melt ice if salt lowers the temperature of water?
@Dr.Unsteady2 ай бұрын
She just tricked Neil DeGrass Tyson into the Ice-Salt challenge from early internet
@user-im3bf8py3f2 ай бұрын
I like it when Neil gets taught something he is the smartest person in the room so often that he like all of us need to be humbled ever so often!!
@fasterkayak2 ай бұрын
Freezing point depression and temperature reduction are not the same thing. yes the freezing point of water is lower when there is dissolved salt putting salt in water doesn’t lower the temperature of the water you put the salt in, unless the salt is cold.
@jason300c12 ай бұрын
She almost had to defend herself. I'm glad Tyson listened and respected her. You saw the defense in her for just a second.
@revanwallace2 ай бұрын
Mixing salt in water does indeed depress the freezing point of water. It does not lower the temperature of the water, however, and that is not how a cold pack works.
@f33nx15 күн бұрын
This is a great example of difference between wisdom and knowledge about something. Neal obvious had more to say, about why salt is used with ice cream (obviously 1.86 degree change doesn't help make ice cream). But she was SO SURE that she was CORRECT, she basically started yelling proof it makes the slight difference it does in fact make, and he just moved on.
@THEJavelinX2 ай бұрын
NDT is my favorite science spokesperson, but he is far from an expert in pretty much any field lol. Watching him get corrected by practicing doctors of their respective scientific field is fun to watch in person, he always handles it comically and with humility, which is why we all love him.
@heathertaylor89043 күн бұрын
I love a man who can accept when he's wrong, but will still do a lil science cause he needs to EXPERIENCE the RIGHTNESS my goodness I just love Neil 😊
@rohantondon9322 ай бұрын
Adding salt to water does not decrease its temperature in the context of making the water colder. However, it does lower the freezing point of the water, which is a phenomenon known as freezing point depression. This means that saltwater can get colder without freezing compared to pure water. For example, when salt is added to ice, it causes the ice to melt at a lower temperature than usual. This is why salt is often used to melt ice on roads. The actual temperature of the water does not decrease because of the salt itself, but the presence of salt can allow the water to stay liquid at temperatures below 0°C (32°F). So Neil is right.
@Falcon_-ge3vnАй бұрын
love when neil learns things
@rayfrederickjr2 ай бұрын
Why can't I be this knowledgeable about chemistry like this instead of video games.
@user-xc3kw9qm7e2 ай бұрын
I am impressed with a nice responses.!
@billblack8071Ай бұрын
It's what we always did to ice beer down faster ice water in a cooler with salt will chill your alcoholic beverages realy guickly especially if you circulate the water! Ice is 32° but that mixture drops well below 32°
@leonestello85192 ай бұрын
The chemical reactors in these ice packs are typically ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, or urea... The absorb the heat in the water and make it cold
@FirstLordFuryАй бұрын
I just got home and did this experiment with a thermoter. The water was 68.7 degrees F then added salt and it went up a degree just from sitting out on the counter while I waited. It did not go down at all. This person is wrong. That equation shows that the freezing point of the salt+ water mixture is lower, not the temperature itself. When salt mixes with ice it melts the ice by bringing down the freezing point which then leaches thermal energy from the surrounding area because changing states from solid to liquid will absorb energy. That lowers the temperature of the surrounding area which is how you make ice cream. Salt mixed with liquid water doesn't automatically lower temperature.
@tigurrАй бұрын
this was my understanding as well
@scooby89562 ай бұрын
some type of endothermic reaction, not just mixing salt and water. Mixing salt and water will move freezing and boiling points but its not a chemical reaction
@DhavalBrahmbhatt2627Ай бұрын
Never seen Neil Tyson get owned so profoundly
@davepeterschmidt5818Ай бұрын
It only makes sense. If you have a mixture of ice and water without salt, that mixture will remain at 32F until all the ice is melted. Adding salt lowers the freezing point, allowing more ice to melt at a colder temp, lowering the temperature of the mixture. That is exactly why salt is used to make ice cream. I'm really surprised Neil didn't know this.
@beatmasterbossy2 ай бұрын
"I don't think-" She pulls out the "delta t is equal to -ikf times molality" freezing point depression. Mic drop. Neil stands corrected. Can't argue with that.
@kepcarАй бұрын
Her equation-spouting made my gray matter rigid
@The_Bit_Player3 ай бұрын
I did the experiment. Sorry Neil.
@bubbaadams28662 ай бұрын
Freezing point depression means it will lower the freezing point yeah? But just putting salt into water won’t make it freeze or change the temperature enough to make that big of a difference to touch. Theres a thing called btu’s. You have to remove thermal units somehow. So, something in the chemical makeup expands the volume more than co2 would so that it would be able to absorb more thermal units. Like a drink that’s almost frozen but not (carbonated) then you pop the top and release the pressure holding the water inside of the drink to a liquid and bam. Ice crystals
@AceRothsteinTangiers2 ай бұрын
Neil: you got this packet…. Her: 🙂↕️😃😁😄🙂↕️
@o.t.h82142 ай бұрын
They dont use it just for the lowering of temp it also melts the ice making cold water that can touch more of the container instead of just the points of the ice cooling it faster
@thialisabio622715 күн бұрын
Did You See Him Blush!? I Think Neil Found That Scientific Exchange Quite Stimulating. He Loves Science!! And We Love Neil!
@politicallyopinionated2 ай бұрын
I'm just glad to see someone shut him up by proving him wrong!
@charlesmaunder2 ай бұрын
Didn't happen. She was wrong in a big way.
@anthonyluc59812 ай бұрын
Salt doesnt simply reduce the heat. It will allow the water to get colder, but it does not make the water colder. A quick google search showed that ice packs contain water and another ingredient. It probably does include salt, but it wont work with just those 2 ingredients
@cryptoclasswithjayАй бұрын
This is how a scientist responds. Has an idea. Makes a claim. Genuinely asks questions. Immediately tests theory. Immediately
@Killersnake1233Ай бұрын
They are actually both right and wrong in this instance. Originally they were talking about instant ice packs, where a salt like ammonium nitrate is dissolved in water to instantly lower the temperature because the reaction in endothermic and has a positive enthalpy. Adding salt to ice cream disrupts the water from forming a solid lattice as well as it normally would which lowers the freezing point of the icecream and keeps it softer as well by having smaller irregular crystal structures I believe. So while Tyson was correct about it being for a different reason, the lady was correct that it does lower the freezing point. Very fun related concepts, though!
@jonathanrice63382 ай бұрын
I love to see him be wrong and called out on it! Especially by a woman!! Feels good man.
@SuiLagadema3 ай бұрын
And that's how science works! "I'll use your methodology to either prove or disprove your claims" instead of just yelling from the extremes of political spectrums. We need to vote for scientists.
@Monochromicornicopia2 ай бұрын
She is incorrect. Salt in water does not lower the temperature of the water. It only lowers the freezing point of the mixture, not the actual temperature.
@wizrad20992 ай бұрын
All due respect for NDT, but you've gotta love when someone who knows more about a particular topic is able to immediately and confidently put his foot back into his mouth for him. And hey, props for taking it in stride. That's the best thing about science, like, oh we disagree? Experiment or research, but we will both know the answers on the other side.