Why the Mongols Tolerated Other Religions

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Kings and Generals

Kings and Generals

2 жыл бұрын

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The Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series on Mongol History continues with a video asking if the Mongols were Religiously Tolerant, as we look at how the Mongol empire engaged with various religions in their realm, including Islam, Christianity, Buddhism and Daoism.
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The video was made by Galang Pinandita, while the script was developed by Jack Wilson - The Jackmeister. Check out his channel dedicated to the history of the Mongols: / @thejackmeistermongolh... . This video was narrated by Officially Devin ( / @offydgg & / @gameworldnarratives )
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Пікірлер: 860
@KingsandGenerals
@KingsandGenerals 2 жыл бұрын
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@marcus4046
@marcus4046 2 жыл бұрын
Next you should look at how the iberian peninsula was tolerant or southern Italy.
@dipmalyaroy987
@dipmalyaroy987 2 жыл бұрын
make a video on imperial chola and their navy
@heliosdromus7231
@heliosdromus7231 2 жыл бұрын
Here is an idea - a video on an obscure religion from Iberia (Spain) known as pricillianism. Or how divided Spain was.
@googane7755
@googane7755 2 жыл бұрын
Makes sense, the mongols did not actively support or oppose one religion. They just showed favour to those that proved useful and largely ignored smaller sects.
@jesseberg3271
@jesseberg3271 2 жыл бұрын
Which, by the standards of the time, counted as being tolerant.
@nguyennguyenhuy7730
@nguyennguyenhuy7730 2 жыл бұрын
@@jesseberg3271 You don't call a fish that lived in the narrow water a land-occupying fish when animals had not come to shore, just because by the time's standard it is the one made it closest to land, do you? Neither did the Mongols, they made it close to religious tolerance, but didn't make it.
@tsmlaska7761
@tsmlaska7761 2 жыл бұрын
@@jesseberg3271 My friend, I have a homework. The Turkish empires that left deep traces in the history of the world and the states that are the descendants of those empires today are being asked. can you count a few
@tsmlaska7761
@tsmlaska7761 2 жыл бұрын
@@nguyennguyenhuy7730 My friend, I have a homework. The Turkish empires that left deep traces in the history of the world and the states that are the descendants of those empires today are being asked. can you count a few
@leoponmusic
@leoponmusic 2 жыл бұрын
@@nguyennguyenhuy7730 chill
@zako9396
@zako9396 2 жыл бұрын
People:"Are you religious tolerant?" Mongol Empire:"Yesn't"
@DanielAspajo9930
@DanielAspajo9930 2 жыл бұрын
Yesn't lol this should be an official word
@googane7755
@googane7755 2 жыл бұрын
Better than a straight up ban or persecution which is likely the best you can get in the medieval age...
@tsmlaska7761
@tsmlaska7761 2 жыл бұрын
@Θ.Σ.Κ.30 ΙΙ My friend, I have a homework. The Turkish empires that left deep traces in the history of the world and the states that are the descendants of those empires today are being asked. can you count a few
@tsmlaska7761
@tsmlaska7761 2 жыл бұрын
@@Dreagostini My friend, I have a homework. The Turkish empires that left deep traces in the history of the world and the states that are the descendants of those empires today are being asked. can you count a few
@snuscaboose1942
@snuscaboose1942 2 жыл бұрын
Yeah, nah.
@anakinskywalker5088
@anakinskywalker5088 2 жыл бұрын
Basically, they tolerate religion, but not in the way we expected
@thesudaneseprince9675
@thesudaneseprince9675 2 жыл бұрын
Lol, thanks for the summary Anakin
@jacobxiongnu2931
@jacobxiongnu2931 2 жыл бұрын
For their time yes, we can’t really compare the modern definition of religious tolerance for the time of the Mongols.
@nguyennguyenhuy7730
@nguyennguyenhuy7730 2 жыл бұрын
​@@jacobxiongnu2931 Then it wasn't so special to be praised, as the Roman Empire, the Archemenid empire and Macedonian empire all practiced that.
@Wolfeson28
@Wolfeson28 2 жыл бұрын
So...you're saying they didn't deal in absolutes?
@tsmlaska7761
@tsmlaska7761 2 жыл бұрын
@@Wolfeson28 My friend, I have a homework. The Turkish empires that left deep traces in the history of the world and the states that are the descendants of those empires today are being asked. can you count a few
@stevenchoza6391
@stevenchoza6391 2 жыл бұрын
The Mongol Empire were, in my mind, less an example of proto-Enlightenment ideals and more an example of a proto-Globalization society.
@johannesl6978
@johannesl6978 2 жыл бұрын
I agree 100%!
@0sm1um76
@0sm1um76 2 жыл бұрын
I think calling the Mongols globalizers or modernizers is like shooting an arrow and drawing a bulls eye where it lands. Imo the interconnecting of the far east and west was a by product of the Mongols beating ass, and less of a high minded aspiration of theirs.
@stevenchoza6391
@stevenchoza6391 2 жыл бұрын
@@0sm1um76 I never said it was intentional….
@JAGUARR1
@JAGUARR1 2 жыл бұрын
Both were oppressors
@MrGksarathy
@MrGksarathy 2 жыл бұрын
And both are just as extractive and brutal as each other.
@hellavadeal
@hellavadeal 2 жыл бұрын
"I care not what gods they worship so long has they obey my commands."
@JaketheJust
@JaketheJust 2 жыл бұрын
Thomas Jefferson said something like that, “Matters not how many gods my neighbor prays to or none at all. So long as he does not break my bones or picks my wallet.”
@edoedo8686
@edoedo8686 2 жыл бұрын
@@JaketheJust Jefferson was a slave owner. Although, he had doubts. About it.
@jimmyrebel9385
@jimmyrebel9385 2 жыл бұрын
that is based
@tsmlaska7761
@tsmlaska7761 2 жыл бұрын
@@JaketheJust My friend, I have a homework. The Turkic empires that left deep traces in world history and the states that are the descendants of these empires today are asked. can you count a few
@tsmlaska7761
@tsmlaska7761 2 жыл бұрын
@@edoedo8686 My friend, I have a homework. The Turkic empires that left deep traces in world history and the states that are the descendants of these empires today are asked. can you count a few
@Tuna685
@Tuna685 2 жыл бұрын
I always pictured Mongol Religious Tolerance as “you better pray your God is right.Otherwise..”
@manchagojohnsonmanchago6367
@manchagojohnsonmanchago6367 2 жыл бұрын
naar they were super tolerent compared to any other society at the time.. even mroe so than the romans or greeks . they simply didnt care about other groups religions as they believe their sky god had decided they could conquer these other people.. many senior mongols were Christians.. muslims.. buddhists ect..
@Tuna685
@Tuna685 2 жыл бұрын
@@manchagojohnsonmanchago6367 true
@himum3429
@himum3429 2 жыл бұрын
@@manchagojohnsonmanchago6367 LOL why are u saying more so as if classical Greco-Roman civilisation is known for being tolerant. They enforced their ideals on the people they conquered. Just like the Spanish and Persian empires.
@Hideyoshi1991
@Hideyoshi1991 2 жыл бұрын
@@himum3429 most empires did this, tolerance is not the same as acceptance, it just means you probably won't be brutalised.
@himum3429
@himum3429 2 жыл бұрын
@@Hideyoshi1991 That's a fair point.
@AdamNoizer
@AdamNoizer 2 жыл бұрын
I love how all history myth debunking videos seem to begin with “It all started when Edward Gibbon said…”
@Prodigi50
@Prodigi50 2 жыл бұрын
He is almost like the father of modern history.
@AdamNoizer
@AdamNoizer 2 жыл бұрын
@@Prodigi50 True.
@Swift-mr5zi
@Swift-mr5zi 2 жыл бұрын
Plato made a great many philosophical mistakes, yet he is still regarded as one of the great philosophers.
@janobara6337
@janobara6337 2 жыл бұрын
@@Swift-mr5zi I understand that philosophy is not exempt from logic, but how can you make a philosophical mistake? Especially if the field barely started existing at that point. I thought you make your own philosophy after all and it's others' choice to follow it, that's how I understand it; there is no right or wrong philosophy in this mindset.
@Swift-mr5zi
@Swift-mr5zi 2 жыл бұрын
@@janobara6337 You answered your own question in the first half of your first sentence.
@Ramschat
@Ramschat 2 жыл бұрын
So the answer is... Relatively, yes. Because in history, everything is relative to the norms of that time :)
@NobleKorhedron
@NobleKorhedron 2 жыл бұрын
@@newonevery740: Actually, they were early on. Successor Khanates, however, were more pro-Islam in outlook...
@Ramschat
@Ramschat 2 жыл бұрын
I mean the Muslim kingdoms taxed all non-Muslims and the Christian kingdoms repressed all non-Christian religious worship in the 13th century, so the fact that the worship of other religions was allowed without taxation makes them tolerant for their time.
@SetTrippin82
@SetTrippin82 2 жыл бұрын
So you should write a book on that. Such a clever man.
@Ramschat
@Ramschat 2 жыл бұрын
@@SetTrippin82 Thank you! :D
@ElBandito
@ElBandito 2 жыл бұрын
@@newonevery740 Compared to what was going on in the Christian world? Mongols were definitely more tolerant.
@brokenbridge6316
@brokenbridge6316 2 жыл бұрын
So Mongol tolerance of other religions varied from ruler to ruler. I see. This video was very informative. My compliments to all those that made this video a reality.
@chepito2443
@chepito2443 2 жыл бұрын
Well said best comment ive seen so far well said
@brokenbridge6316
@brokenbridge6316 2 жыл бұрын
@@chepito2443---thank you
@ace1776
@ace1776 2 жыл бұрын
The mongols allowed Scientology as long as you prayed to Xenu for the Khans good fortune.
@napoleonibonaparte7198
@napoleonibonaparte7198 2 жыл бұрын
The answer is, “It’s politics”.
@mobeenkhan824
@mobeenkhan824 2 жыл бұрын
Not really, did you watch the video?
@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory
@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory 2 жыл бұрын
The art in this episode is so well done, it makes me want to treat all my contemporaries' beliefs with respect. Möngke Khaan in particular is so lifelike, it is as if you plucked him out of the 1250s! Just as God has given us five fingers on the hand, so too has he given us Kings and Generals
@heberthr.6978
@heberthr.6978 2 жыл бұрын
Monke khan
@thebelieverbangla4353
@thebelieverbangla4353 2 жыл бұрын
Regarding Islam - the Qur’an says in Surah Nisa, Chapter 4, Verse No.82 - ‘Do they not consider the Qur’an with care? - Had it been from anyone besides Allah, there would have been many contradictions.’ ­­­­­­There is not a single. ­­­­­­ Regarding more contradictions in the Bible - five minutes will be insufficient - Even if they give me 5 days, its difficult. ­­­­­­ Any way I will just mention a few. ­­­­­­ It is mentioned in the 2nd Kings, Chapter No.8, Verse No.26, it says that ‘Ahezia, he was 22 years old, when he began to reign.’ ­­­­­­2nd Chronicles, Chapter No. 22, Verse No. 2, says that… ‘He was 42 years old, when he began to reign.’ ­­­­­­Was he 22 years old, or was he 42 years old? - Mathematical contradiction. ­­­­­­Further more, in 2nd Chronicles, Chapter No. 21, Verse No. 20, it says that… ‘Joaram, the father of Ahezia, he reigned at the age of 32 - and he reigned for 8 years, and he died at the age of 40. ­­­­­Immediately… Ahezia became the next ruler at the age of 42. ­­­­­­ Father died at the age of 40 - Immediately son takes over, who is at the age of 42. ­­­­­­How can a son, be two years older than the father?’ ­­­­­­Believe me even… even in Hollywood film, you will not be able to produce it. ­­­­­ In Hollywood film, you can produce a ‘unicorn’ which I mentioned in my talk. ­­­­­­ Unicorn… you can have Coccrodyasis, which the Bible speaks about, Concrodyasis and dragons and serpents. ­­­­­­But in Hollywood you cannot even show a son, being two years older than the father. ­­­­­­It cannot even be a miracle - Even in miracles; it is not possible - Impossible. ­­­­­­In miracle, you can have a person being born of a virgin birth - but in miracle you cannot have a son being older than the father, by 2 years.­­­­­­ Further if you read - it is mentioned in the Bible, in 2nd Samuel Chapter No 24, Verse No 9, that… ‘The people that were involved in the battlefield. ­­­­­ It gives a list of these people, in 2nd Samuel, Chapter 24, Verse No. 9, and it says that… ‘People that took part 800 thousand of the men of Israel, took part - and 500 thousand of the men of Judah same.’ If you see other places, 1st Chronicle, Chapter 21, Verse No. 5, it says that… ‘1 million - Hundred thousand people took part in the battle field, from the men of Israel - and ten thousand four hundred and sixty men took part of Judah.’ ­­­­­­Was it 800 thousand people who took part from the men of Israel, or was it 1 million - 100 thousand? ­­­­­­ Was it 5 lakh people of Judah that took part or 10,460? ­­­­­­A clear-cut contradiction. Further more, it is mentioned in the Bible in 2nd Samuel, Chapter No. 6, Verse No 23, that… ‘Michael the daughter of Saul - she had no sons’ - 2nd Samuel’, Chapter 21, Verse No. 8… ‘Michael the daughter of Saul had 5 sons.’ ­­­­­­One place it says… ‘No children, no son, no daughter’ - Other place… ‘5 sons.’ ­­­­­­Further more if you read, it is mentioned in Gospel of Mathew, Chapter No. 1, Verse No. 16 - it says about the genealogy of Jesus Christ peace be upon him - as well as Luke Chapter No. 3, Verse No. 23, and it says that… Jesus’ father, that is Joseph - his father was Jacob’ - Mathew, Chapter 1, Verse 16. ­­­­­­And Luke, Chapter No 3, Verse No 23… Jesus’ father… Joseph - his father was Hailey. ­­­­­­Did Jesus’ father… Joseph, had two fathers ? ­­­­­­ What do you call a person who has got two fathers ? ­­­­­­Or was it Hailey - or was it Jacob ? ­­­­­­Clear-cut contradiction. ­­­­In a holy book where there are so many mathematical errors that can never be a book from God...!
@mattmckane9454
@mattmckane9454 2 жыл бұрын
@@heberthr.6978 Hmm. Yes, a valid argument.
@darkstar4102
@darkstar4102 2 жыл бұрын
Agree mate, it's done very well
@fredbarker9201
@fredbarker9201 2 жыл бұрын
Ogodei and the two pretty unimpressive short-reigned Guyuk and Monke were perhaps the three most powerful individuals ever, becuse they were Khans over such a vast empire. of course none of it would be possible without Chinghis or Subutai tho.
@barbiquearea
@barbiquearea 2 жыл бұрын
When Hulegu sacked Baghdad and executed the last Abassid Caliph in the 14th century, he had a particularly creative punishment for him. The poor caliph was stuffed into a sack and then trampled to death with horses. A horrible way to die but ironically one that the Mongols considered a dignified death. Also in Mongolian culture it was considered taboo to spill the blood of a holy man. Not sure if any worshipers of Islam would have seen it that way, but from their own point of view the Mongols were honoring their holy leader with such a brutal form of execution.
@willyguillard2897
@willyguillard2897 2 жыл бұрын
me: about to drop some blood *mongols staring me intensely* *me dropping some blood* mongols: all right boyz, ready the horse and bag, its time.
@ExcelonTheFourthAvalonHeirs
@ExcelonTheFourthAvalonHeirs 2 жыл бұрын
Well-well, I remember when Suleiman The Magnificent kill his own son by strangle him because pretty much the same reason.
@miAIFI
@miAIFI 2 жыл бұрын
@@ExcelonTheFourthAvalonHeirs The Turco-Mongolic ethnocultural synthesis shines through right there ;)
@faizanhashmi389
@faizanhashmi389 2 жыл бұрын
Qitbuqa head was chopped by baibars in ain jalut .
@selimsahkulu78
@selimsahkulu78 2 жыл бұрын
When you said hulegu i remembered what happened to library of baghdad. May God burn and damn his rotten soul in deepest hole in hell eternal
@justsomepersononyoutube9271
@justsomepersononyoutube9271 2 жыл бұрын
The Mongols are a intresting empire to learn about
@juanblanco1267
@juanblanco1267 2 жыл бұрын
The mongols weren’t practicing tolerance. They were just being pragmatic
@theprinceoftides6836
@theprinceoftides6836 2 жыл бұрын
Up to a point, and in point I mean having a dagger in your throat . It's like it's Ghengis way or the , well U know lol.
@subutaibaatur7669
@subutaibaatur7669 2 жыл бұрын
@@theprinceoftides6836 don’t act like you know shit. Chinggis was strong, strict, and brutal but at the same time he had respect and felt for his people. A Western mind can’t cope with that. He killed all those men not because he hated them, but because it was necessary for his purpose.
@theprinceoftides6836
@theprinceoftides6836 2 жыл бұрын
@@subutaibaatur7669 I'm not acting anything my main man, I'm from that neck of the wood , and I'm pretty sure it's more than likely he's DNA runs thru my vains as it is to 1/3 of the whole human population, but U R right Temugin is a very complex and pragmatic man, arguably the greatest conqueror the world has ever known.
@roeelongo1584
@roeelongo1584 2 жыл бұрын
All religious tolerance is pragmatism
@tulgatulgaldo6241
@tulgatulgaldo6241 2 жыл бұрын
@@subutaibaatur7669 well said. bro
@JaketheJust
@JaketheJust 2 жыл бұрын
You see this in all empires. It’s easier to collect the taxes from the pockets of the emperors land if he allows the locals to keep their tradition.
@balyeetbhagaloe6416
@balyeetbhagaloe6416 2 жыл бұрын
No you don’t
@ceoofconfusion100
@ceoofconfusion100 2 жыл бұрын
@@balyeetbhagaloe6416 but what if we did
@balyeetbhagaloe6416
@balyeetbhagaloe6416 2 жыл бұрын
@@ceoofconfusion100 i dont know what you mean but the whole “you see this in all empires” is just inherently a false statement you dont see this in european empires and most moslim empires
@nguyennguyenhuy7730
@nguyennguyenhuy7730 2 жыл бұрын
​@@balyeetbhagaloe6416 Roman, Macedonian empires and French, British, Italian, Netherland colonies are not european, right?
@balyeetbhagaloe6416
@balyeetbhagaloe6416 2 жыл бұрын
@@nguyennguyenhuy7730 romans and religious tolerance in the same sentence?🥴
@dxgdxn131
@dxgdxn131 2 жыл бұрын
I swear, every single one of these videos when it gets about halfway through you get a "shit's going down" type of feeling like you're watching history in person and having a bunch of crazy revelations. I love it! Thank you for the awesome content you guys make 🙏
@Mr_M_History
@Mr_M_History 2 жыл бұрын
You're continually brightening the days of THIS Australian stuck in lockdown, who's using the lockdown to sharpen his Mongol knowledge. Thank you!!
@JJJBunney001
@JJJBunney001 2 жыл бұрын
You guys have no idea, it's not actually like that in most of the country. Only in 2 cities, everywhere else that complied with lockdowns came out of them fast and went back to normal life. It's not some tyrannical government overreach that's trying to lock up everyone. Of you think about it for more than 2 seconds, who would that benefit anyway?
@mikejones3rfs
@mikejones3rfs 2 жыл бұрын
Wow you Aussies are still in COVID lockdown?
@tsmlaska7761
@tsmlaska7761 2 жыл бұрын
@Killin Sparker My friend, I have a homework. The Turkic empires that left deep traces in world history and the states that are the descendants of these empires today are asked. can you count a few
@tsmlaska7761
@tsmlaska7761 2 жыл бұрын
@@SmashBrosBrawl My friend, I have a homework. The Turkic empires that left deep traces in world history and the states that are the descendants of these empires today are asked. can you count a few
@tsmlaska7761
@tsmlaska7761 2 жыл бұрын
@@perseuswong6864 My friend, I have a homework. The Turkic empires that left deep traces in world history and the states that are the descendants of these empires today are asked. can you count a few
@willemvanoranje5724
@willemvanoranje5724 2 жыл бұрын
This is the best channel on all of youtube, I love you guys. Wish more people heard about the other side of Mongolian Empire. Thanks King and Generals for always always delivering the best content.
@4Usuality
@4Usuality 2 жыл бұрын
Trying to wake up earlier for my new job and this definitely helped me stay awake this morning, thanks for the interesting video!
@sampearson2102
@sampearson2102 2 жыл бұрын
Just wanted to say your videos have inspired a new found love of history have always had a passive interest but your content has took it to a new level. The quality is fantastic after a hard days work genuinely help me unwind just wanted to say thanks. On another level to any other channel I have seen on KZfaq and anywhere for that Matter.
@madswipe4419
@madswipe4419 2 жыл бұрын
Historians “the mongols were religiously tolerant” Me “their tolerance was making skull mountains out of religious worshipers so in the end it didn’t fkin matter lol” The mongols may have been more open about religion but that don’t really matter when they have almost wiped out all that religions believers in the city they just conquered
@quanghuyvo6112
@quanghuyvo6112 2 жыл бұрын
only if they refuse ti surrender
@philipampofo6435
@philipampofo6435 2 жыл бұрын
Thats irrelevant for this specific question
@madswipe4419
@madswipe4419 2 жыл бұрын
@@philipampofo6435 the point to the specific question is, they can be as tolerant as they want if there’s no one left to tolerate
@evelynalex8787
@evelynalex8787 2 жыл бұрын
It did matter because that allowed those populations to rebound.
@heliosdromus7231
@heliosdromus7231 2 жыл бұрын
When the mongols destroyed a few key Manichean towns in Central Asia it pretty much sealed it’s fate as an ancient formerly global religion.
@nenenindonu
@nenenindonu 2 жыл бұрын
Genghis Khan destroyed the buddhist/nestorian Qara Khitai state after one of its religiously oppressed populations, the muslim Karluks and Uyghurs asked him for help but that was most likely the final straw for the eventual conquest since Genghis already despised the Khitan ruler Kuchlug and was bound to expand his realm westwards
@Manuel-gu9ls
@Manuel-gu9ls 2 жыл бұрын
The talibans destroyed a Buddhist monument in the landscape of Afghanistan 🇦🇫
@themercifulguard3971
@themercifulguard3971 2 жыл бұрын
@@mariyabiswas3391 Some portion of them are by that point
@MohamedRamadan-qi4hl
@MohamedRamadan-qi4hl 2 жыл бұрын
That was politics not tolerance
@mehmedtheconqueror7132
@mehmedtheconqueror7132 2 жыл бұрын
@@Manuel-gu9ls they have mongol in their dna
@Brandonhayhew
@Brandonhayhew Жыл бұрын
He was a conqueror and the most famous one
@Nabil-js5xu
@Nabil-js5xu 2 жыл бұрын
Incredible videos as always.Kings and generals is my favourite you tube channel.
@hasnainshah4520
@hasnainshah4520 2 жыл бұрын
Your videos are awsummm and very knowledgeable Thank you Kings and Generals . My favourite youtube channel
@metaconwar4601
@metaconwar4601 2 жыл бұрын
I love the Kings and Generals series of videos on the Mongols, this video rocks!
@sasinator6918
@sasinator6918 2 жыл бұрын
Me: *Having a bad day Kings and generals: *posts mongol video Me: *having a good day
@Artur_M.
@Artur_M. 2 жыл бұрын
Great video, presenting a nuanced look at a complex subject. It would be awesome to see you make a similar video about the religious tolerance and diversity in Poland-Lithuania; from the Statute of Kalisz, through the ideas of Stanisław of Skarbimierz and Paweł Włodkowic (Paulus Vladimiri) presented at the Council of Constance, the Warsaw Confederation of 1573, to the relative decline of this tolerance during the Counter-Reformation, and the devastating wars and general crisis of the XVII century. Even after this it reminded above the European norm of the times.
@joujou264
@joujou264 2 жыл бұрын
I haven't looked into the PLCs tolerance, but wasn't it essentially exclusive to Jews and, to an extent, orthodox Christians? As in, a Muslim isn't gonna have that much of a different experience there than in, say, Austria?
@Artur_M.
@Artur_M. 2 жыл бұрын
@@joujou264 Unless there was a relatively small but well-established Muslim community in Austria, then yes, it was different. Because there absolutely was such community in the PLC - the Lipka Tatars. Many of them were actually nobles (although if I remember correctly, they couldn't fully enjoy their political rights, like holding offices, without converting first). The oldest Mosque in Poland is a small wooden one in the village of Kruszyniany (one of two of its kind within modern Polish borders, more can be found in Lithuania and Belarus), which was granted in 1679 to Samuel Mirza Krzeczowski by none other than Jan III Sobieski. Fun fact: the oldest Mosque in New York City, the Powers Street Mosque, was also founded by Lipka Tatar immigrants.
@danieledelstein9129
@danieledelstein9129 2 жыл бұрын
@@Artur_M. As a Jew (albeit with roots in Hungary-Romania and not Poland), I've always wondered what the deal was with Poland and Jews. Although there's the stereotypical image of Poland having been a bastion of antisemitism, it doesn't escape me that prior to WW2, Poland had the most Jews in the world -- at its height 3 million, or 10% (!) of the Polish population. I believe the Polish monarch also invited Jews to resettle there from further west where they were experidncing harsh perseciftion. And I recall reading Poland had enshrined religious protections and such for much of its history. Would love to learn more, not really an area I've looked much into.
@Artur_M.
@Artur_M. 2 жыл бұрын
@@danieledelstein9129 Are you familiar with youtuber Sam Aronow, who covers Jewish history? I think he covered this particular topic quite well, thus far until the middle of the 19th century. It's worth to watch all his videos chronologically but for this specific topic you can instead watch the 'Eastern Europe' Playlist, starting with the second video 'Casimir's Gift' (so 6 videos as for now). I also recommend checking the website of the Polin Museum in Warsaw, with links to their KZfaq channel and many other projects.
@orgilgankhuyag5222
@orgilgankhuyag5222 2 жыл бұрын
We Mongols were/ are very practial with religions. Even today when people face some diffuculties in their lives they would go to christian church in the morning and pray to Jesus, and go to buddhist temple in the afternoon and would do anything the lamas would suggest. And in the evening, we would visit shaman’s ger and ask solitions for their problems. This is how we see religions, if we believe your religion could help us we would embrace it. But if not, it’s useless.
@denniscleary7580
@denniscleary7580 2 жыл бұрын
Another great video Kings 👍
@julia8222
@julia8222 2 жыл бұрын
Amazing information and art! Would love to see a video on Chinggis Qan's sons, their relationships, rivalries et al.
@miketacos9034
@miketacos9034 2 жыл бұрын
YYYEEESSS just in time to show in class!
@Darknimbus3
@Darknimbus3 2 жыл бұрын
From what I heard, the main reason for Mongolian religious tolerance was simply because they had their own religion, which they believe only they were worthy of. So they let everyone else do their own thing religiously, and they didn’t try to endow their own beliefs on everyone else.
@robbabcock_
@robbabcock_ 2 жыл бұрын
Great video!
@shirkuh7125
@shirkuh7125 2 жыл бұрын
Awesome episode
@pawefiedorowicz6789
@pawefiedorowicz6789 2 жыл бұрын
Please never stop making these videos :)
@kathywolf4558
@kathywolf4558 2 жыл бұрын
It is called Tengri and is practiced in some places in Mongolia currently.
@Neverdyingpride
@Neverdyingpride 2 жыл бұрын
some paces? no no you just don't know how deep is the shaman roots for mongols
@kathywolf4558
@kathywolf4558 2 жыл бұрын
​@@Neverdyingpride I am Native American (Athabaskan). Yes, I understand, but I was talking to people who do not know and most do not understand. Олон хүмүүс бидний итгэл үнэмшлийн тогтолцооны талаар үл хүндэтгэсэн үг хэлдэг. Би монгол хэл сурч байна. Миний өгүүлбэр зөв байна гэж найдаж байна.
@robloxianhistorian
@robloxianhistorian 8 ай бұрын
@@kathywolf4558 mongol heliig mash sain sursan baina, jinhene mongol hun shig bichij baina
@loupiscanis9449
@loupiscanis9449 2 жыл бұрын
Thank you , K&G .
@uryen921
@uryen921 2 жыл бұрын
The Achaemenid Persian Empire is famous for their religious and cultural tolerance, much early than the mongols.
@stacey_1111rh
@stacey_1111rh Жыл бұрын
Great stuff
@darthfatcow5725
@darthfatcow5725 2 жыл бұрын
K and G further answering questions I had no idea existed.
@johnhenry4844
@johnhenry4844 2 жыл бұрын
We’re the Mongols religiously tolerant? = Yes but actually no
@jacobxiongnu2931
@jacobxiongnu2931 2 жыл бұрын
For their time yes.
@kapil4417037
@kapil4417037 2 жыл бұрын
i think during their period they were most tolerated.
@augustuscaesar8287
@augustuscaesar8287 2 жыл бұрын
"Some go so far as to present the Mongols as the inspiration for modern, liberal, religious toleration" *Laughs in Cyrus the Great*
@shreyanodoyto5975
@shreyanodoyto5975 Жыл бұрын
Me who knows that Cyrus actually favored the monotheists over the polytheists
@myhonestreaction6217
@myhonestreaction6217 Жыл бұрын
@@shreyanodoyto5975because he is a monotheist himself
@chedabu
@chedabu 2 жыл бұрын
Awesome!
@adenmelton8264
@adenmelton8264 2 жыл бұрын
Could u please do a video on the Tibetan empire they are rarely talked about
@JM-kd3gm
@JM-kd3gm 2 жыл бұрын
I like how Whig historians in the mold of Gibbon are seemingly ok with the oppression of religious minorities as long as its done for political reasons.
@MohamedRamadan-qi4hl
@MohamedRamadan-qi4hl 2 жыл бұрын
It is enlightenment hypocrisy
@tsmlaska7761
@tsmlaska7761 2 жыл бұрын
@Lucas De Araújo Marques My friend, I have a homework. The Turkic empires that left deep traces in world history and the states that are the descendants of these empires today are asked. can you count a few
@michaeluzoho5838
@michaeluzoho5838 2 жыл бұрын
To be honest, I love learning about the Mongols, and also Norse Mythology and history.
@raphaellagnado2082
@raphaellagnado2082 2 жыл бұрын
I have not watched this episode yet. I have, however, already liked it, and know for a fact this like is earned.
@nathanielvashaw2328
@nathanielvashaw2328 2 жыл бұрын
Can you guys at some point do videos on topics like Ancient Egypt, Ottoman Janissairies, Persian Immortals, Phoenicia and Carthage? Just throwing ideas outthere.
@josephmak7473
@josephmak7473 2 жыл бұрын
They have already made video about the persian immortals.
@nathanielvashaw2328
@nathanielvashaw2328 2 жыл бұрын
@@josephmak7473 Are you sure? Because I looked and I can only find the one from the Invicta channel, which I've already seen. If you can send a link, that would be awesome.
@marloyorkrodriguez9975
@marloyorkrodriguez9975 2 жыл бұрын
As that famous quote said ‘I am the most pious of all, when men hear the neighing and hooves of my horses, they pray’
@tigerchillyable
@tigerchillyable 2 жыл бұрын
Thats deep
@marloyorkrodriguez9975
@marloyorkrodriguez9975 2 жыл бұрын
Imran Ali actually took it from a song of ice and fire quote from Euron Greyjoy (not the TV comedy Euron) it’s a good quote.
@jimr9499
@jimr9499 2 жыл бұрын
I really wish the Netflix series Marco Polo got more seasons...such a good show. The animation for Ghengis in this video looks just like the actor that played Kublai on the show.
@Reddit_shorts_525
@Reddit_shorts_525 2 жыл бұрын
Agreed
@barbarajoseph-adam8337
@barbarajoseph-adam8337 2 жыл бұрын
Every minute of that was perfect.
@Gameflyer001
@Gameflyer001 2 жыл бұрын
Does look a lot like Benedict Wong (aka Wong in the MCU films). I did find the second season pretty slow, which is likely why it was dropped.
@mehmedtheconqueror7132
@mehmedtheconqueror7132 2 жыл бұрын
every minute of it is just nudes. the first time i watched it with my family and all of a sudden theres people having sex. bro that show sucks
@manofsesame3024
@manofsesame3024 Жыл бұрын
Benedict Wong. Who played Wong in Dr. Strange
@altinmares8363
@altinmares8363 2 жыл бұрын
Kings and Generals please post more videos about -Aristotle teaching Alexander The Great -Tengrism -Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain
@muhammadabdar-rahman9957
@muhammadabdar-rahman9957 2 жыл бұрын
Also, the relations between the three Abrahamic religions in Islamic Hispania
@muhammadabdar-rahman9957
@muhammadabdar-rahman9957 2 жыл бұрын
@@shafqatishan437 Actually, Tengism is important part of steppe nomadic history, so I think it's slightly relevant
@ShahanshahShahin
@ShahanshahShahin 2 жыл бұрын
Zoroastrianism
@user-jb2ld8ev7v
@user-jb2ld8ev7v 2 жыл бұрын
Can you make a video about Manchurian and Nurhachi too? The story of how the Qing Dynasty was created
@zxera9702
@zxera9702 2 жыл бұрын
Good idea
@manofsesame3024
@manofsesame3024 Жыл бұрын
As well as their Jurchen ancestors and the Khitan
@watchenthusiasts6056
@watchenthusiasts6056 2 жыл бұрын
I like watching your videos very much, please have Turkish subtitle option
@ajsw-rt4yt
@ajsw-rt4yt 2 жыл бұрын
Nice 👍🏼
@m.m.z.5858
@m.m.z.5858 2 жыл бұрын
history is fascinating
@CivilWarWeekByWeek
@CivilWarWeekByWeek 2 жыл бұрын
Thank you world history teacher I already know the answer to a video I'm going to watch anyways
@dippyfish
@dippyfish 2 жыл бұрын
Thank you.
@pakshirajan8585
@pakshirajan8585 2 жыл бұрын
Please make a video on Rashtrakuta dynasty of Manyaketha (c. 735-982 CE)
@CJC90909
@CJC90909 2 жыл бұрын
So basically, the Mongols followed the Realpolitik school in terms of most things, religion included. Interestingly, a descendant (arguably) of the Mongols who was born a Muslim caused more damage to the Islamic world than any Mongol since Hulegu, not a century from the end of Mongol rule. Who by the way I’d like to see a few more videos on ;)
@freshmarex3538
@freshmarex3538 2 жыл бұрын
To be precise, the term in this case is presaged, not followed.
@GreaterAfghanistanMovement
@GreaterAfghanistanMovement 2 жыл бұрын
You mean Timur?
@Dsonsee
@Dsonsee 2 жыл бұрын
The mongol empire was super interesting with its cultural mix being not impeding its continuation
@michalisathanasoglou5650
@michalisathanasoglou5650 2 жыл бұрын
Not really connected to the Mongol Empire, but what's the awesome soundtrack playing in the mech arena ad 0:42 - 1:57 ? Anyone know?
@muhammadabdar-rahman9957
@muhammadabdar-rahman9957 2 жыл бұрын
Does anyone know the name of the music in the beginning of this video?
@marcomartinez1843
@marcomartinez1843 2 жыл бұрын
Thank you for mentioning Manich(a)eism in your video, but it would be interesting if you made a video dedicated to this neglected faith.
@nicholasbarber3644
@nicholasbarber3644 2 жыл бұрын
can you do the next video about what happen to inca after the spanish colonized
@jonnyn8928
@jonnyn8928 Ай бұрын
Interestingly enough, the Mongol empire had more diversity than any other group at the time. Both the Ket people, who are descendants of the Diné from the American Southwest, and Italian explorers from Venice, were present among the ranks of the Mongols. There's nothing else like it.
@andrewlucero3631
@andrewlucero3631 2 жыл бұрын
Are you ever going to make a video on how the Mongols became Buddhist in the Tibetan fashion, or how the Kalmyks got to Europe.
@theawesomeman9821
@theawesomeman9821 2 жыл бұрын
I used to always find it strange that historical sources would often state that both the Jews and Christians often aligned their support for the pagan Mongols, during the reign of Genghis and Kublai Kahn. After all, the Mongols killed scores of devout religious groups like the Buddhists, Daoist, Muslims, and Zorastorianism as well as destroyed their holy sites. I expected that Christians would suffer like the other religious groups only to find out further in my research that the Mongols granted religious freedom to Christians and Jews who often lived horribly under the other mentioned groups and actually protected and enforced Christian and Jewish rights.
@f1aziz
@f1aziz 2 жыл бұрын
Even though Islam eventually won Mongols conquerors of the Muslim world, Mongol devastation and destruction of Baghdad is etched in Muslim conscious like Holocaust for the Jews. I don't think we will ever forget it.
@theawesomeman9821
@theawesomeman9821 2 жыл бұрын
@@f1aziz sorry to hear that
@f1aziz
@f1aziz 2 жыл бұрын
@@theawesomeman9821 thank you.
@theawesomeman9821
@theawesomeman9821 2 жыл бұрын
@@f1aziz welcome
@Brandonhayhew
@Brandonhayhew Жыл бұрын
Modern day Mongolia is Buddhist? How did they end up like that?
@ahmedehab121
@ahmedehab121 2 жыл бұрын
Can you make a video about battle of marj al-saffar???
@ladybirdlee3058
@ladybirdlee3058 2 жыл бұрын
can you do a video about the christianity of the asian steppes? I read they had some unique religious beliefs and practices.
@parttimegodxx
@parttimegodxx 2 жыл бұрын
Nice
@alexanderren1097
@alexanderren1097 2 жыл бұрын
Is religious tolerance among Mongol overlords really that different from any other successful empire builders? Cyrus, Darius, and the other early Persian emperors were doing this over a millennium before Genghis Khan was born
@andrewsuryali8540
@andrewsuryali8540 2 жыл бұрын
Cyrus persecuted early Zoroastrians and suppressed some local belief systems that deviated from what he considered "normal" religion. This image of Cyrus' religious toleration comes from an anachronistic understanding of Judaism. During Cyrus' lifetime, Jews were not yet the strict monotheists they would become in the Second Temple period. They were strict monolatrists, but their religious practices were very similar to those of other Mesopotamian (and Fertile Crescent) civilizations and crucially, basically indistinguishable from Cyrus' own practices. Cyrus returned the gods of the Babylonians' subjects precisely because he shared their conception of how the worship of gods and idols worked. In modern terms, he was basically an adherent of the same "religion" followed by all those conquered peoples. Darius the Great did the exact opposite. He was raised in a Zoroastrian community and therefore was somewhat hostile to polytheists, especially the fire worshippers of Persia that Zarathustra ranted against. In his lifetime Darius heavily promoted his family's faith and suppressed the original deva worship of the Indo-Aryan peoples living under his rule. The Scythians in particular resisted this persecution at every turn. After the rise of the second Achaemenid lineage Scythians came up with ways to deface or desecrate imagery of Ahura Mazda. For example, they would repurpose Mazda pendants into spurs because they knew that the Zoroastrians saw the earth as impure. The Jews seem to have suffered some level of persecution or difficulty during Darius' lifetime, and we can see this from the gap in the Bible between Ezra-Nehemiah and the rest of the historical writings. Similarly, the construction of the Second temple seemed to have slowed down significantly in this time period and Zerubbabel's fate is unknown (although it's also possible Cambyses had deposed him earlier).
@riseALK
@riseALK 2 жыл бұрын
Yes I wondered this too, religious tolerance for the sake of pragmatic political control is not exclusive to the Mongols. Even totally religious states like the Caliphates had to enact secular laws when conquering very distinct religious populations like Armenia or Syria.
@alexanderren1097
@alexanderren1097 2 жыл бұрын
@@andrewsuryali8540 Interesting. I wasn't familiar with all those specifics. So the Persians were equally "tolerant" of religions as the Mongols. By "tolerant" I mean they gave concessions to some, ignored others, and persecuted/exterminated still others all based on various personal and/or pragmatic reasons. So my original point still stands: the Mongols treatment of religions was NOT significantly different from what every other major empire had already done before
@brendawilliams8062
@brendawilliams8062 2 жыл бұрын
Thx.
@nicholasbarber3644
@nicholasbarber3644 2 жыл бұрын
can you do a video about qin shi huang and his conquest of china
@Otaaaz
@Otaaaz 2 жыл бұрын
Id love a video on campaigns of nader shah
@Jarod-te2bi
@Jarod-te2bi 2 жыл бұрын
Can you make a video that talks about the worst defeats of the mongols?
@mattmckane9454
@mattmckane9454 2 жыл бұрын
I skipped school to watch this.. I'm actually learning something now.
@chrisgabele75
@chrisgabele75 2 жыл бұрын
Modern World: Wow, the Mongolians were so tolerant of Religion! Cyrus the Great: Am I joke to you?
@chengkuoklee5734
@chengkuoklee5734 2 жыл бұрын
Not to mention King Ashoka and Sultan Saladin.
@cegesh1459
@cegesh1459 2 жыл бұрын
@@chengkuoklee5734 Ashoka and Saladin don't really fit 100%
@loveandmercy9664
@loveandmercy9664 2 жыл бұрын
Shia's and Copts don't really see Saladin as a great symbol of toleration.
@GreaterAfghanistanMovement
@GreaterAfghanistanMovement 2 жыл бұрын
@@chengkuoklee5734 Ashoka tried to force Buddhism on Indians, not really tolerant.
@dunnowy123
@dunnowy123 2 жыл бұрын
This is so fascinating. Mongols were shamanistic nomads who became mostly Buddhist after ruling China, mostly Muslim after ruling Central Asia and yeah, they viewed Christianity and Daoism as aite too. Wild.
@lt419
@lt419 2 жыл бұрын
There were so many female warriors in Mongolia, who were taking care of the homeland while the Khans were away fighting. Please tell their stories in your next videos. Thanks.
@wertin200
@wertin200 2 жыл бұрын
Is this video a re upload?
@kaanbasol
@kaanbasol 2 жыл бұрын
average k&g fan : watches the video OG k&g fan : listens to the podcasts
@biffyqueen
@biffyqueen 2 жыл бұрын
*Stares in Achaemenid Persia
@RCSVirginia
@RCSVirginia 2 жыл бұрын
Despite a tad-too-much Islamophilia, the Great Courses lecture on "Turning Points in Middle Eastern History" is quite good. Professor Eamonn Gearon has a great comment on Hulagu Khan's sparing of the Nestorian Christians during the massacre at Baghdad. Both Hulagu's mother, Khatun Sorghaghtani Beki, and his favourite wife were Nestorian Christians, and Gearon wryly remarks, "At the end of the day, we all have to go home."
@tokobantso3987
@tokobantso3987 2 жыл бұрын
Can you make a video about Georgian History?
@hirofumi3123
@hirofumi3123 2 жыл бұрын
The mech starter pack doesn't work sir
@ciripa
@ciripa 2 жыл бұрын
just love the soundtrack for the mongols!!
@Red6Games
@Red6Games 2 жыл бұрын
The Mongols Religion was called Tengrism. Just as it was with the Huns and Turks.
@danield831
@danield831 2 жыл бұрын
As the Mongolian empire became more fragmented and ultimate disintegrated, the overwhelming majority of Mongolians in the diaspora converted to Islam. With the exception of the capitol Uulan Bator and the surrounding Steppe's which to this day remains animist and predominantly Buddhist (the modern day country of Mongolia). Interestingly, to this day Mongolian faces can be seen in countries of Central Asia including Iran and Afghanistan. They are the descendants of the Mongolian diaspora who have converted to Islam. There is also an ethnic group within Russia who are descended from the Mongols known as the Kalmyk's. They too are Buddhist.
@matthiasthulman4058
@matthiasthulman4058 2 жыл бұрын
You seem pretty knowledgeable about this, maybe you'll know this answer. Who were the Kushons? I think they were either descendants or ancestors of what would be Mongols, but I don't know
@danield831
@danield831 2 жыл бұрын
@@matthiasthulman4058 The Kushans were most probably one of five branches of the Yuezhi confederation Indo-European nomadic people of possible Tocharian origin, from Northern China ( Possibly Mongolian but impossible to know for sure) but like with most ethnic groups they were not homogenous and were a mix of Indian, Persian, and Greeks ethnically. If you remember the Buddha's of Bamiyan which were tragically destroyed by the Taliban. These were of Kushan origin. Truly a fascinating and inventive empire they were an amalgamation of Greco-Indo and Persian cultures. I would encourage you to do more research on the Kushan Empire. It's very interesting. Cheers!!
@matthiasthulman4058
@matthiasthulman4058 2 жыл бұрын
@@danield831 Thank you very much for the reply. I will definitely do more research
@Neversa
@Neversa 2 жыл бұрын
Kerey and Naiman tribes of Kazakhs, descendants of those mentioned here, are furious if you tell them their ancestors were Christian lol
@heliosdromus7231
@heliosdromus7231 2 жыл бұрын
@@aventidblechchlatechipfrap7465 I can’t argue with that statement lol. Ancient Nestorians, eastern missionaries and eastern Christians used to be based af.
@KristofKarwinskithegreat-se5pu
@KristofKarwinskithegreat-se5pu 2 жыл бұрын
THE BEST YESSSS
@chengkuoklee5734
@chengkuoklee5734 2 жыл бұрын
Something out of topic, may I suggest K&G to do on a very extraordinary historical leader- The True Chinese Empress Wu Ze Tian. Maybe compare and contrast women's role in that era, different region. How bad ass was her being able to make men, competent men to follow her.
@owaischgaming7200
@owaischgaming7200 Жыл бұрын
Mongols are Tengerists Muslims Christians Jews Atheists Hindus Parsis Buddhists And mongols are Mongols
@maxion5109
@maxion5109 2 жыл бұрын
i would suggest we start using "Dyophysite" when referring to Nestorians. I know it's a bit of technical term but i still think it's more appropriate since "Nestorians" started its life as a sneer label, as is often the case with labels of religious denominations in history. Moreover, Nestorius, however important did not really figure as a founding father for the Nestorian Church of the East but rather Theodore of Mopsuestia.
@muslimamerican4129
@muslimamerican4129 2 жыл бұрын
Yeah sure but its very common among western media, academia,etc to use slurs, insults and degrading names as names of muslim schools of thought and tradition... For example "Wahhabis" -
@firstlast5454
@firstlast5454 2 жыл бұрын
@@muslimamerican4129 what's the proper name for that sect of Muslim teachings?
@blkgardner
@blkgardner 2 жыл бұрын
"Dyophsite" would also include Catholics, Eastern Orthodox, and Protestants, basically anyone except the Oriental Orthodox and non-Trinitarians.
@maxion5109
@maxion5109 2 жыл бұрын
@@blkgardnerNo because the Dyophysites are non-Chalcedonians, but i think i know what you're getting at because the Chalcedonian definition of 451 largely catered to Nestorius's viewpoints rather than Monophysite/Miaphysite christology. But it wouldn't work calling the Chalcedonian churches dyophysites, at all. Why? Well, the Dyophysites are adhering to a more *robust* distinction of the divine and human natures of Christ than what sits innocently balanced within the Chaldeconian Creed. Moreover, they felt that Nestorius had been treated with outrageous injustice, so Chalcedon was a bitter disappointment for them and they went their own way after that as the Church of the East, just like the Miaphysite's created their own churches which you correctly pointed out are known as "Oriental Orthodox". So both are non-Chalcedonians and therefore it would be wrong to lump dyophysites together with the heirs of Chalcedon. Nor would they want to, except for a branch called the Chaldean Catholic Church which decided on communion with the Western Latin Church in the 16th century, but employs Syriac liturgy. There's another term which should be used also; "Miaphysites" instead of "Monophysites". The Oriental Orthodox churches reject the monophysite label anyway but they seem to accept Miaphysite. "Miaphysite" is an indication that Cyril of Alexandria wasn't crudely talking about "one nature" in Christ; he would have said that Christ's nature might be single but that it was also composite. To sum it up, "Dyophysite" or Dyophysitism is a specific technical jargon term used exclusively for the Nestorian *Churches of the East* such as the *Apostolic Assyrian Church of the East* . Not to be mixed with Chalcedonian churches and obviosuly not with their theological opposites, the Miaphysite Oriental Orthodox. These distinctions are important because we're getting a more accurate, neutral historical picture this way.
@blkgardner
@blkgardner 2 жыл бұрын
@@maxion5109 I have seen the term "Dyophysitism" be used in contradistinction to Monophysitism, to be used in reference to Chalcedonian Christology. Using the term exclusively to refer to Nestorians is implying Chaldedonian Christians are actually some variant of monophysites, and the Nestorians are the only Christians who believe in the "real" two natures.
@Abu-Hurairaa
@Abu-Hurairaa 2 жыл бұрын
How you make animation
@avivlamech-kalambi519
@avivlamech-kalambi519 2 жыл бұрын
Can you answer the same question, but for other dynasties?
@arjunsinha4015
@arjunsinha4015 2 жыл бұрын
"Kings and General and Oversimplified History try his best to tell us history in an entertaining way" Sun Tzu, Art of War
@HebrewHakaishin
@HebrewHakaishin 2 жыл бұрын
Any Mongolians on here, I must ask how can I learn to throat sing, any suggestions will he helpful, Thank you.
@ltcinsane
@ltcinsane 2 жыл бұрын
If you want your empire to last, a certain amount of tolerance is required. As long as the people following the different faiths obey the laws & pay taxes & as long as the ruler doesn't over do it .. and yeah you probably sadly need to play the faiths off against each other as religious leaders are just another type of ambitious politicians.
Is Genghis Khan Ancestor of the Millions?
16:46
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