Review how Loop Diuretics work, including their mechanism of action and side effects.
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Loop diuretics are a class of medications that cause diuresis, or fluid loss, by increasing urine output. They work by acting at the loop of Henle in the kidney in order to block sodium and other ions from being reabsorbed, which eventually leads to reduced water reabsorption and fluid loss in the urine. The most common loop diuretic drugs are furosemide, torsemide, and bumetanide. Loop diuretics are the most powerful diuretic drugs and are used in the clinical setting to treat fluid overload states, like pulmonary edema caused by heart failure, peripheral edema, and ascites due to cirrhosis. Potential side effects include ototoxicity and hypokalemia.
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