Cody breaks out a spoon and a flame, "Time to feed our addiction... to science!"

Cody has entered the Industrial Era

It's kinda hilarious to me that you didn't have wooden leveling shims handy, but did have the materials to casually whip up a batch of Fields' metal.

When he poured that molten metal into his hand, I was terrified.

There's no better feeling when you just get so lucky that things line up perfectly like those magnets on the fly wheel.

Watch in awe how Cody makes a generator with nothing but some hot glue, wire, and a generator.

I love that Cody is such a cowboy that he immediately devised a plan to make a meltable bullet instead of just giving up. He's a scientist with the drive of a rockstar.

He's lucky he doesn't have his magnetic finger anymore

YAY MAGNETIC FIELDS!!

I can really really appreciate how, instead of just faking it with the fields metal, he explains why it wasn't able to melt the lead, quietly acknowledges that we all want to see these magnets melt a bullet, and then explains how he can still make that happen, and gives us MORE SCIENCE in the process.

coolest part about this is the perfect length of the magnets

I love how there was absolutely no plan for this, he just wanted to stick magnets to a flywheel

"It's making a whiring noise..." Cody wakes up in 1867

Only in Cody'sLab will you get the crisp scientific measurements of "I spit on it but it only boiled, not sizzled away, so it must be barely hotter than 100 Degrees celsius"

Cody: *casually owns one of the most valuable vehicles in the world*

This is way more interesting than physics class, I'll tell ya that.

The most casual flex with that "Like the model T we have back there".

Mechanical engineer here. The acceleration on that flywheel rim is 1354 m/s^2, that is 138g. Just imagine sitting on that rim. If the reactive centripetal force weren't causing you to go in a circle, it would cause you to accelerate to 60mph in 0.02 seconds. Your magnets are safe though, assuming they are about 8mm cubes of grade N45 neodymium, they pull about 7.3 lbs each but only use 15% of that force to hold themselves on the rim at 600rpm. Centrifugal acceleration = w^2 * r. with w = angular velocity in radians = 600rpm * 2 * pi / 60 r = radius in metric = 0.5 * 27in * 0.0254m/in

I am impressed with no tape around the magnets. That's a lot of trust to not fling those suckers across the room. Love your work man, You're a great maker. Thanks for stickin around all these years.

One of the best things about your videos is you always show the errors you encounter along the way - this makes them much more valuable than many others out there. Thank you Cody!

1:30 "Okay-I don't think the magnets are gonna come off. Uh, this only rotates at about 600 RPM-10 revolutions per second. It's a 27 inch flywheel. I'm sure somebody can figure out what the G-forces are there, but they're not particularly large." 138 standard gravities, Cody. :V

Nobody talking about how he just has a model T in his garage covered in dust XD

Watching this video offers a perfectly understandable model of voltage, amperage, wattage, resistance, and frequency. I dont think I ever began understanding the relationship between voltage and frequency till I saw this. Kudos!

This is so amazing you are using a physical or mechanical switching of magnetic fields to generate this kind of temperature! I would have imagined this WOULD NOT be possible without transistor switching! LOVE IT!

“A bullet me and Grant Thompson made” that warms my heart and brings back the fondest memories

"If you've ever torn apart a Transformer..." Ah yes of course

If you arranged the magnets in a halbach array, you can redirect most of the field strength to one side (say away from spin axis). Then the energy captured will be much higher.

Thank you! For years I have been wondering what would happen if you lined a flywheel with powerful magnets interacting with copper coil. Keep up the great work. I'm going to watch more of your videos.

"it's making a whirring noise.." famous last works

The only dude in America with burnt spoons and is not a junkie

I love what you do here, I went through a bunch of comments and didn't see this mentioned, but I'm sure down there somewhere someone got to it before me: if you want to make that much more powerful, stack your magnets in a halbach array(may need more adhesion ) and instead of using the magnets directly, use a transformer loop->induction heater ... or just use wire made into 2 coils just like a transformer, but one side is an induction heater instead. you can get even more power out of it if you make the source loop large and round and conform only one section to a larger portion of your wheel, leaving space to the other section of your source loop, assuming you're also using the halbach array. maybe for funsies just grab any old transformer and get the magnets really close to the core between the coils and see if any power comes out.

Reminds me of the old 208 Fairbanks-Morse engines, they're used mainly for the pumping unit of an oil well but are designed to run on propane or natural gas. Since it requires a spark it uses magnets on the side of the flywheel to generate the spark, and the specific placement effects the engines timing.

"Thinking about doing a video on it someday" how many times have we heard that, Cody 🤣

"The silver bullet Grant and I made" has the same enrgy as "The lockpick Bosnian Bill and I made"

This is the coolest practical example. Way more educational AND entertaining then what they teach in school

the way you're putting that bolt there essentially making it an inductor, the more alternating electromagnets rate (hence tightly packed North-South magnets) will induct more flux and so the energy increases

Cody casually mentions his model T like we can relate

Finally a video with a ring of magnets that is not claiming infinite energy.

*_"It's making a whirring noise!"_* The last sentence spoken before the universe imploded.

I've been in a number of lectures and learned nothing, yet somehow Cody seems to teach me something new in every video

"I put some spit on it and it sizzled" this is why I love this channel, he does science my way.

Everybody's talking about Cody's model T but nobody mentioned how lucky he got with that tight fit magnet ring

Cool! Don't forget that B fields loose intensity at rate of radius cubed. The bullet was farther away from the magnets and it is curved rather than flat like the penny. I think those factors likely had more to do with the lead not melting than the thickness of the bullet's copper shell.

You need to take in consideration that the penny of dated before 1982 was 95% copper and 5 % zinc and any penny after is only copper plated zinc. ... therefore you have a different melt temp. ... love the science behind magnetic... great video my friend!

"So much more easy than the Model T over there." Duuuude you can't just drop that in passing like that.

It's not often people take a generator and turn it into a generator... :P

Electrical engineer 2 here: All it would really take is to make simple U shape iron core that would cross two adjacent poles of magnets, so it would create complete path for magnetic flux. This compared to simple bolt shown in video will increase flux linkage tremendously. Then you would need weird bullet with ring shape that you would put over this core. It would melt pretty much instantly, probably even with the iron core since the frequency here is extremely high with so much poles.

I'm guessing this is how induction heaters work, except they alternate in the realm of tens or hundreds of thousands of times per second and not the roughly one and a half thousand this is at.

We found a burnt spoon in the shed Jimmy! "I was just makin' Field's metal I swear mom!"

Electrical engineer here. The Skin Effect also influences the distribution of current in a block of copper. At higher frequencies, more of the current is distributed closer to the surface. At sufficiently high frequencies, a block of copper can actually become a wall which the currents on either side will have trouble crossing. The back EMF is proportionally induced in the center of the conductor, pushing the electrons toward the edge of the conductor. When designing circuit boards, this can lead to interesting situations where you need to place a stitching via when crossing a reference plane like ground. This allows the highest frequency currents to shift from one side of the copper pour to the other side. Without a stitching via, the currents become stray, searching desperately for some way to get to the other side of the wall. And when they do, these stray currents usually create large inductive loops that make the circuit radiate significant energy. What's interesting here is that your setup creates 163 cycles per revolution, with 10 rev/sec that's 1.63 kHz, which is a pretty respectable frequency. There are convenient calculators for the skin effect online, because this is a challenge electrical engineers deal with regularly. At 60 Hz, the skin effect is 8.5mm in copper, which is why for AC distribution you rarely see anything much thicker than that. For 1.63 kHz, the skin effect is roughly 1.5mm. If you're too much thinner than this (the bullet's casing was about 1/4th of this), the losses are too low to do much heating. The skin depth for lead, by the way, is about 5.6mm. A 45 caliber bullet ought to have 11.5mm diameter, right? That's about 2x the skin depth, so *if* you were going to induce significant losses in lead, that's probably a decent thickness to use. Stronger magnets would help. Faster magnets might actually backfire, because the skin depth tends to go down by the square root of the frequency; if your skin effect losses are already too low, moving the magnets faster might produce even less heat. Furthermore, geometry of the objects plays a large part. That's because the contours of these objects tends to be significant and on the order of the skin depth. You could see an example of the skin depth in action by looking at the portions of the alloy that started to melt first, and which melted the most.

I find myself watching this again 9 months later. while watching you crank the engine over to get it started, it occurred to me what a genius invention the flywheel is... more impressive than the simple wheel itself because there's deeper theory behind a flywheel than there is a basic wheel. we understand the function of a flywheel, we understand how it works... but to be that guy who figured it out in the first place, it's impressive.

Cool! A magnetic inductor that runs off diesel fuel. It can melt copper, Lead and solder. It can even charge batteries or light LEDs. Now that is some cool science Cody!👍🇺🇸

[sees burnt spoon]: are you doing heroin?? [Cody]: No, I'm doing SCIENCE!

I'm sorry, you have a model-T??? ...can we see it? :D Edit: since I gotta be more specific for the comments; not to drive! Just would like a good view is all :)

This is exactly how magnetos in small engines work. Theres a lot more windings around the iron core so that it creates thousands of volts rather than just a few

Always a pleasure to watch your videos, fun and educational stuff that is possible to recreate without tons of fancy equipment. Love your chillaxed approach to science and engineering.

Cody, you’ve really outdone yourself. This is one of the best science demonstration videos I’ve seen on KZfaq (and I’ve seen a lot). Using the LEDs to demonstrate how the current alternates is brilliant. My kids have been asking me how electricity is produced, and this video makes it super clear, so we’re going to watch it together ASAP. Thanks, and keep it up!!

Famous last words: "It's making a whirring noise !" 8:34

I don't know how I lost your channel but I'm glad I found it again. Awesome my grandfather had one of those clanking motors. I'm sad to recall the family members who sold it for pennies as to have one of our own have it. Great experience.

I love the way you do experiments in your lab . You show that you do it in an honest fashion . In schools , all the problems are worked out for you . The way you show that it is necessary to think on your feet . This is closer to the reality of how experiments are done by scientists .

You know Cody has complete trust and understanding in science when he nonchalantly pours a molten alloy into his hand.

Hey Cody, many years ago I used to run a diesel cement mixer for my dad, and he always told me NEVER to wrap my thumb around the starting handle, because if it backfires, it can break your thumb. Just cupping you’re fingers and thumb around the one side of the handle means a backfire will throw the handle out of your hand without breaking your thumb.

The reason for making transformers out of thin sheets of metal is to eliminate conductive "loops" for eddy currents to flow through. The thin sheets do not allow the core to saturate. The high eddy currents would change most of the alternating magnetic field energy into eddy currents thereby wasting all the electrical energy, which would locally dissipate as heat and produce very little usable electric energy to be carried away to an external load by the copper (but insulated by enamel) wires.

Something taught to me in the early days of my career was 'when hand cranking a small diesel engine, alway keep the thumb on the same side of the fingers. This is so that if the engine kicks back, the crank will pull out of your grip. If you have your thumb on the opposite side of the handle - as shown in this video - if the engine kicks back, it could break the thumb. It happens.

Cody’s “welcome back to my lab!” somehow reminds me of Portal 2 Wheatley’s “Welcome… _to my lair!!”_

"It's making a whirring noise!" *time folds in on itself*

That engine runs 90% of the narrow boats in England, it's also a miniaturisation of the engine used to replace the large steam engines used to power everything in the victorian period. Lovely sounding things once you get them up to speed. Kinda a chucka, chucka, chucka.

That whirring noise was so badass. One of my favorite sounds is the sound of an automotive alternator working really hard.

Beginning: haha flashy lights go brrr Middle: And this how railguns work

"Now if you've ever torn apart a transformer..." Ah yes, very relatable.

All I can hear is my old shop teacher yelling "QUIT SCREWING AROUND!" lol

Great video. It brings back memories of my Dad rebuilding original gasoline versions of Fairbanks-Morse Horizontal and Verticle engines like this from the very early 1900s. He had a relatively rare horizontal engine. ~3-3.5 HP? As not a "hit or miss" governor as most seem to be at shows. It used spinning weights to control the throttle opening on the simple carburetor. Timed points in the combustion chamber were used for the ignition spark. Via a horseshoe magnet magneto that triggered the timed spark. Dad taught me a lot about IC engines using these originals stationary models, before I went to college and studied Engineering Physics. It's amazing that Ford Flathead V-8s we're turning ~3800 RPM at 85 HP in the early 1930s. FYI. I was the usual starter for his big engines. 😎🇺🇸 Cody, can you explain why the flywheels have a "self-balancing" tendency? And how it works, mechanically? Or where I could research that information? Thanks, 3500

If you try this again, a much stronger radial field component can be produced by orienting the magnets (Up)-(Left)-(Down)-(Right)-(Up)-(Left) etc instead of (Up)-(Down)-(Up)-(Down). That's what you will find in a linear motor (linear Halbach magnet). But you will probably need some glue.

Now I'm curious about this alloy with the melting point of wax.

Thanx for this video, you've actually taught (or prehaps more correctly reaffirmed & reignited my knowledge) me a great deal in a couple of subjects I already knew a decent amount in, having a strong interest in. This doesn't happen with such illuminating suprise that often, when considering the amount of KZfaq my mind consumes, I'll put it on to your down to earth approach, clearly intuitive way of communicating, relaxed & mellowed by such a country background which resonates within me through minimal earlier life memories on the other side of the world in New Zealand. So a big thanx to you Cody, great work. Much appreciated that here watch. One new sub.

Note: pure lead and alloyed lead have a much higher melting point than solder, solder is an alloy of lead and tin.

8:35 "it's making a whirring noise..." Cody hadn't realized it yet, but he created a time machine. Sending him back to the Jurassic period.

10:10 "So here's one of the silver bullets that Grant Thompson and I made" RIP

Absolutely Brilliant, Thank you

U are onto something,I see those magnets as man's way of another source of energy and traversing space 🚀,

I'm amazed the USA dont have their own Unit for RPM.

I didn't realize Field's metal had such a low melting point and kind of freaked out when Cody was about to pour it into his hand

Yep it's kind of fun watching the Fred Flintstone type of science. It's like he thought this up on the spur of the moment and never thought it through to get all the parts he needed to make it as smooth operation. Good work nice science project

This is frickin awesome. Knowledge is power. Thank you for this video 👍👍👍

Cody is like one of those old, weird (but really cool) people that fascinate you with knowledge...but he's young. It's weird. lol He reminds me of my dad.

I am surprised that more people aren't talking about how this bullet is the one Cody and Grant made together Edit: Clarification, I am talking about Grant Thompson10:10

biggest problem with turning your own coils like that, its super easy to crack the lacquer coating on the wire and shorting out some turns so your 200 turn coil turns into a 5turn hunk of copper, greatly lowering the current induced in the coil i did an undergrad project kinda similar to this to cook metal, we used some fancy power electronics to create the high frequency power signal rather than a mechanical wheel spinning at 600rpm, very cool proof of concept though, and very relevant to alumina mining in industry with induction forging

20:20 The resistance of metals INCREASES with higher temp. That's why, for instance, if you measure the resistance of an incandescent light bulb filament, the reading is much lower than what the power rating of the bulb would indicate. As for pennies, those minted after 1981 are made of zinc, with a copper plated surface. Zn has a much higher resistivity than Cu.

Cody's Mum: "Cody, where are all my spoons?" Cody: Dammit, now I have to gold plate some spoons.

Grant Thompson, a legend who will continue to live on forever. RIP Grant

I love the Model T in the background, lol. Great take on magnets. Thanks.

i used to drive tractors that did not have starter- i.e. you needed to crank-start the motors. the very first thing you learn is that you NEVER turn the crank with your thumb on the opposite side- if the motor should backfire when you are trying to start it - it will jerk the handle out of your hand and will easily break your thumb

"We use it at the ranch to charge batteries and stuff, like, when there's no solar wind." - Cody casually mentioning his solar wind power plant on the roof.

9:15 that slow motion clip looks like a train crossing at night, with a blue light instead of a red one. I think it looks really cool

I worked with Listers years ago. When you wanted to stop then, you pulled the choke and waited until they stopped completely. If the pistons were still moving, they would start up again as soon as you put the choke back in. I've never heard of one that broke down or wore out.

Someone somewhere casually said that if you could alternate a magnetic field fast enough -- like these alternating magnets on a flywheel -- if you could get it to spin fast enough, eventually the flywheel itself would start glowing. Not because it was white hot from the heat of spinning and about to fly apart (it would have happened long before this effect) but because you would be creating basically electromagnetic waves -- light-- first radio waves, microwaves, infrared, finally red through blue, and onwards. I'm not sure if that's true but that's kind of mind blowing if it is.

i feel like if they ever decide to remake mythbusters they need cody to be the "it didnt explode so lets see what we can do to make it explode" guy

I wonder if you could increase the "melting power" by arranging the magnets in a Halbach array.

super good...science is wonderful.....saved me a bundle....thanks...earth will love you for it...

Out of 30+ science channels that I follow Cody's lab is most entertaining and he holds more knowledge than anyone of them