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In this video, I will discuss how to effectively wire mismatched solar panels. This guide is ideal for those who have solar panels with different wattage and are seeking the most efficient wiring method.
We begin with an essential overview of series and parallel wiring configurations. In series wiring, the voltages of the solar panels are combined while maintaining a constant current. For instance, connecting two 20V, 5-amp panels in series results in an output of 40 volts at 5 amps. On the other hand, parallel wiring focuses on adding the current from each panel, keeping the voltage unchanged. For example, the same 20V, 5-amp panels, when wired in parallel, produce 20 volts at 10 amps.
The choice between series and parallel wiring depends significantly on whether the panels have similar voltages or currents. Panels with the same current but differing voltages are best wired in series, where the combined voltage increases while the current remains consistent. Conversely, panels sharing the same voltage but with varying currents should be wired in parallel, resulting in a higher cumulative current.
To illustrate these concepts, I will walk you through examples involving 100W and 200W solar panels, showing how their combined power output varies based on the wiring method. We will also simulate a scenario with three solar panels of different ratings - 100W, 88W, and 108W - and calculate their total power output in both series and parallel configurations. Our calculations will reveal that parallel wiring is often more advantageous, especially when considering wire thickness for higher currents.
Furthermore, for those with a variety of panels looking to connect to a single charge controller, this video offers practical advice and calculations to determine the best wiring method. In cases where voltage and current differences are significant, using multiple charge controllers may be the optimal solution.
We will also delve into hybrid connections, using an example with two 50W panels and one 100W panel. This section demonstrates how combining panels in series and then in parallel can achieve a balanced output, aligning with the panels' total wattage.
Lastly, I invite you to download my 7 free solar diagrams, a perfect resource for anyone overwhelmed by off-grid solar planning. These diagrams, complete with wire and fuse sizes, can be a source of inspiration and guidance. Check out the first link in the description for this valuable resource.
00:00 Basics
01:02 Same current
01:50 Same voltage
02:33 Simulation
04:25 Hybrid connection