Norman Daniels (2001) argues that healthcare is a universal right for all. He begins by raising three related questions. First, whether healthcare is morally unique and important that it should be ensured for all citizens. Second, whether there is a good way to recognize whether disparities in populations (say, wealth, education, etc.) amount to injustice or not. Third, whether there are criteria for making sure healthcare can be distributed justly.
In this fourth video, we look at Daniels' argument that the differences between health outcomes indicates an injustice. Here he describes several different correlations, such as when societies have very extreme differences in the rich and poor, the average life expectancy is lower, and when there are lower differences life expectancy raises. This provides a good indicator of how people are deprived from being able to participate in social life and the political process. He warns against taking correlations as causation, but raises further concerns that perhaps we can affect better healthcare outcomes by addressing wealth, education, and other disparities by public access to each.
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