What do you think of the idea behind this video? Are you interested in talking about the questions raised in the comments like this? The original video - kzfaq.info/get/bejne/ouByqqmZlcq9eac.html

The spoon mic should be a recurring bit bc this is amazing

Do me a favor, and never, ever get rid of the spoon mic.

So, Paranthapus might have been a cereal killer?!

every blade of grass considers all cows to be cereal killers

interesting coffee mug you have there. That guy has quite a spear. For hunting, I suppose.

Thanks! It feels strange but pleasant to be directly addressed in a video. A few comments. 1. It doesn't much matter, but "christosvoskresye" is not a name, it's a transliteration of the Russian Easter acclamation, "Христос воскресе!" which means "Christ is risen!" 2. Yeah, we have worked for centuries to modify the grasses we call grains to produce large quantities of useful seeds. With no agriculture, and with other problems like Dinofelis, grass seeds could probably not be that large a proportion of the Paranthropus diet -- but it might well have been some part of it, just as we still eat sunflower seeds. For that matter, my old Boy Scout manual described how parts of cattails and some ferns are edible. 3. I would really expect serious wear on the teeth if they were munching on grass like a horse or cow. There seems to be real debate about whether this is due to the grass itself or to dust and grit on the grass (www.researchgate.net/publication/223952530_Do_Silica_Phytoliths_Really_Wear_Mammalian_Teeth), but the teeth would be a much better clue to the plant diet than isotopic ratios.

Thank you for agreeing to address audience concerns. To your left you'll find necessary reference materials, as well as an adequate light source. Now, please, face forward as much as possible and remember to speak directly into the spoon.

Awesome video champ, I am studying human evolution currently and all of your videos have been extremely helpful! Keep up the work pal and love from New Zealand.

Each tooth has 5 surfaces, "occlusal" is the biting/chewing surface of the tooth. I don't know what that refers to specifically when combined with "relief", but just for shits and gigs I'll tell you the other 4 tooth surfaces instead. Lingual - surface facing tongue Buccal - surface facing cheeks/lips Distal - surface facing towards the throat/back of mouth. Mesial - surface facing towards front of mouth (think of molars for these descriptions, the distal/mesial surface is the same on each tooth following the curvature of the mouth)

Christmas special yay!

Quality not quantity is a good approach, there's enough quantity on the internet, not enough of it is quality

Stephan, I’m a huge fan! Keep your passion alive and you’ll find yourself at the finish line more than you might realize!

this is my new fav channel I’ve been on yt since 2007

Great video, as all the others 👍. I love the content of your channel. Can you speak about who were the Denisovans in a future video?. Thanks. Keep up the good work.

Oooh, Christmas special! Already looking forward to that one.

I like your videos not many people do this, you’re making your own way of videos.

You’re a natural on the camera dude. I look forward to more videos!

Thanks! Love the spoon and microphone.

Stefan you are a stockpile of knowledge, keep it coming, no matter if the animation quality is not top nodge.

Oh My God! I am so looking forwards to viewing your Christmas special (pun intended) Like the spoon mike

Cool Stefano we got all the time in the world for another long hominid ancestor evolution video I think there great!!! Very informative and interesting Please keep it up and I am looking forward to the Xmas special to 🎅🤶🎄

Nice touch to have the microphone attached to a plastic spoon!! 😃😂

oh dude - do keep it up - I mean I don't know what you meant by saying story of my life is not following up on things as that's clearly not possible if you have this channel and even if you would stop making videos now - it would still be more good for the world then I'll do in my whole life - keep up the good work! since first video I saw it was clear that this is something special and you seem like you can't let anyone down by default

Looking forward to the Christmas special.

1:13 lemongrass and Bamboo and there it’s not just the seeds. I even think sugarcanes are grass to. Though it’s usually cooked first. But you can eat it raw to, except for the bamboo.

Great videos. Thank You.

A live chat about the monthly episode would be a great way to expand your output , , PS alrwady looking out for the christmas special haha 👌

I discovered your videos just recently...not completely certain why they interest and amuse me but I will hang around and try to answer that question

I think you should address the creationists comments. I'm looking forward to the Xmas edition!

Sugarcane is also a type of grass.

Definitely looking forward to that Christmas special! Also... is the spoon now a running gag or just convenient ?

Really Interesting, and I am going to hope you continue the ''Let's Talk About A Comment'' with my own question. It seems to me that a diet of grasses and grains would require a prolonged digestive cycle and that due to the calories needed to simply survive Paranthropus would have had to spend just about every waking moment either searching for food or eating food. On top of this, it would seem that given these circumstances evolution would have been most difficult because the brain cannot grow without protein. If the brain doesn't grow, we could make the assumption that any idea of specialization leading to further evolution would be next to impossible. The research I have done indeed would suggest that the dentation shows teeth that were used for grinding and gnawing as opposed to biting as one might when eating meat. The discovery of Naledi might shed new light on this way of thinking. I, as a mere amateur to this field, have made the assumption that walking upright let to a larger cranial capacity and thus more integrated thinking. Yet, if this were true, then how do we account for Naledi's relatively small brain and yet socially close bonds? I realize I raise several interesting topics here - so let me boil it down to this: 1) How does a diet so heavily resplendent with vegetation lead to a physical evolution in Paranthropus? 2) Does their diet in any way have to do with their skeletal dimensions? (Neanderthal had a expanding top-to-bottom rib cage whereas Sapiens were a ''V'' shaped, narrowing and speeding up digestion) 3) How does a diet such as theirs work given the calories needed for survival? Was there NO meat in their diet? Was their SOME meat in their diet? How do we even know, what we think we know? I truly hope to hear from you. My kids are really tuned in because you take very abstract concepts and bring them to a point where everyone can relate to it. All the Best, Robert

Very interesting. Could you by any chance provide a small literature survey on the subject of palaeontology? That would be very helpful for all of us who are not professionals in the field.

I like the detailed presentation that you do. Whether it turns out to be Darwinism is the truth or partial truth or not at all, ancient life forms of all species, but especially primates and those that may have been human enough to have genetically contributed to our species. I have a background in environmental science and botany and simply wanted to correct something that you repeated in the presentation, and that is that grasses are both annuals and perennials. Perennials can have nodules, but they don’t have tubers. Tubers are “bulbs” and bulbous plants are a category of their own. They are both terrestrial and aquatic and some are edible. Thanks, The old professor

Oh I would LOVE to comtrinbute to the rebuttal episodre. Great work!

Lol @the spoon microphone holder. Resourceful.

Barley can be soaked 'whole' overnight in water and can be chewed (well) with an appropriate sweetener if you like. Alfalfa is good as a sprout, in a taco or garnish, or, even straight for a 'living' protein hit! I like dry rolled ats as a snack, or with a little water and Agave extract dribbled in to moisten slightly.

You are my kind of highly skeptic guy... Who always keeps room open n doesn't fully claim anything...

Very interesting videos.

Can you do a video on the sea people?

Shouldn't there be micro-abrasions on bosei's teeth from silicates if it was eating blades of grass?

I like your unique tool use.

Dude I love your channel. Do you have any ideas or opinions of what bigfoot and their variations could be from ancestrally

What kind and parts of bushes? Did anybody say?

As always, interesting although I was somewhat distracted by the red mug behind your left shoulder! Have you been infected by a touch of Cerne Abbas or is this a practical but sneaky demonstration of Pareidolia?

Really late to this video, but I wanted to note that without proper preparation, not all grains themselves are sufficiently digestible to Homo sapiens even today. A good example is corn (maize) which has to be nixtamalized (processed with lye) to be fully digestible. If you are eating a very varied diet, you can eat non-nixtamalized corn as long as you get niacin (viamin B3) some other way, but if you are eating basically solely corn or corn and things that don't have niacin, and don't nixtamalize it, you can get pellagra and die. There is a similar issue with white rice and beriberi, a thiamine (B1) deficiency, because the thiamine is in the parts removed to make whole grain brown rice into pretty shiny white rice. This is a development after we learned to process food more so wouldn't have been relevant at the time. Rye (and I think some other grains) can be infected with ergot leading to ergotism, and given how long it took H. sapiens to figure that out, I don't think our ancient cousins would have had a clue. But more to the point, not only are grains very hard to digest without at least soaking/sprouting, the crop wild relatives of them had very very few grains per plant. A very clear example is comparing teosinte to maize as of the time of European arrival to modern corn varieties. Pre-contact maize is incredibly similar to modern flint and flour corns, but teosinte, the ancestor of maize before domestication, had only a handful of smallish tightly packed kernels and no central cob to speak of. IIRC wheat looked more like the weed I have heard called 'wall barley" which has small ears that have little seeds with long spikelets on each. I used to pretend to harvest that as wheat in my yard as a kid, and I can assure you that eating that as a grain would be eating mostly vegetative matter. Grasses tend to have high silica content in their leaves and stems, so that is still an issue in the weirdness of our cousin eating grasses, but they weren't going to be getting much out of it with this suggestion that they ate the grains either... or the roots unless the grasses there have much sturdier roots than the ones here (which is a relatively wet desert next to an arid grassland and scrubland and some forests up into the mountains). Unrelated, I have a personal vendetta against fountain grass, not because it is an invasive species and legally a noxious weed in my state, but because when I was a little kid I was trying to play with the fluffy thing on one at school and it cut my hand because it is razor sharp. Paranthropus gets my respect for tangling with the monocots, they are not to be trusted.

I noticed the Steam icon on your desktop. Which games do you like to play?

Nice quote from respected scientist, Thomas DeLauer!

@Stefan Milo Nuts are nutritious high caloric content "seeds" as are all legumes (beans) we consume.

When is the song for that rhyme scheme dropping

Would they have had more than one stomach to digest the grass?

How did I miss this? I spy Useful Charts! 🕵️‍♀️ It is funny because I played the audio from this video during my lunch break to my local natural foods market. I bought some green superfood supplements called “Amazing Grass.” 🤷‍♀️

I'm not a dentist but I think oclusal relief was an album by Hawkwind.

Are we talking something more like a cattail rather than something like wheat or barley?

Love the channel. Keep up the amazing work ... but don't kill yourself! If you can only churn out one (animated) video a month then so be it! Better quality over quantity. Loved the spoon for a microphone. :)

Christmas would be appropriate for the "Nutcracker Man"

Nice!

Occlusion in dentistry is how the teeth fit together

What is up with that colorful chart in the background? Please enlighten us :)

How many members in there group of Paranthropus boisei 50 40 30 or less

What is it with you and that special white spoon. There are dedicated mic holders available you know:-).

The spoon kills me 😂

I see a 'Useful Chart' on the wall behind you. 😉😉😉

A question, what would have happened if the paranthropus didn't go extinct. or were they doomed?

Is that a spoon? Hilarious.

Spoon-mike! I'm dying :D

Excellent argument here. And here's some fuel: h. sapiens cannot digest *cellulose.* The plant bodies of grasses, bushes and other heavy, low-growing plant bodies contain cell walls that contain a lot of cellulose, a dense and springy protein that provides added strength to the overall structure. This presents two problems to potential consumers: breaking through the cell wall to the nutrition underneath, and digesting the actual cellulose to glean the benefits of that abundant protein for use in your own body. Some animals do one, the other, or both. Humans do neither naturally. The cecum (first part of the large intestine) is what usually breaks down cellulose, combined with the appropriate enzyme. In horses, this structure is almost cartoonishly large. Ruminants like goats and cows have multiple stomachs (oversimplification, but true). Their teeth are flat and their chewing motions grind tough plants in ways that would take humans several minutes per mouthful. Grasses have a lot of nutrition in them, but without these specialized structures and habits, humans struggle to get nutrients out of anything but the seeds, which are easier to break down and don't contain cellulose. With modern technology, we can overcome many of these problems. Proper processing breaks open the cell walls, and enzyme and probiotic additives allow our bodies to extract the protein and micronutrients... But it takes A LOT. Just look at the price tag on a tub of wheat grass powder for proof. I'd be interested in seeing further investigation into the paranthopus genus, especially related to digestion. Grasses would be a ready source of easy sustenance, and would likely explain much of their behavior, survival and eventual extinction.

My problem is that Paranthropus was described as eating grass like cows. But cows have hugely specialized stomachs and microflora and they have to eat grass 18 hours a day. No modern apes can do this, although baboons seem to. And what about vitamin C and several amino acids that primates have to ingest, unlike cows? Great show.

You have new facial hair in every video

But would the cooked seeds of grasses give a high C4 score too though?

Where are you from buddy?

2:04 Never expected Thomas to pop up here...

Stephan is the missing link.?

Wow, I misread the title, I thought you were gonna talk about the COMET. Grass is good though.

stumbled across you by accident, but I like the idea of discussing intelligent and thoughtful comments. Although, it's hard not to crush the skulls of the religious trolls who still think the sun revolves around the earth. I'm a new sub just 'cause I wanna see the krizmuth special!

Great video Stefan. You should try to reach down deep and go for 2 a month :-) anyway the real question is how do aliens fit into this narrative.

What is beer made of, a grass too? Guess paranthropus had huge beer belly's then.

We eat the shoots of ferns (cooked) as well.

So klingons evolved into humans?

"Could be a wet lands specialist hominid"? Exploiting food sources at the air/land/water interface is much more likely than a hominid that hunts large game out on the dry savanna.

What is up with the red coffee cup? Appears to be stick figure with a gigantic ....

2:17, I've lived off peanuts for a week but they were roasted.

Chrustos Voskresye is Russian Orthodox Paschal greeting, which means something like " Christ has risen", and other guy replies as believer "Truly he has risen" ...but you probly know that already, but just in case, here is my comment. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paschal_greeting I quite enjoy your vids. Thanks for sharing.

I just wonder what ardipithecus would think about all this.

Yep . . . I just ate some invasive English Plantain seed stalks (raw) on a walk w/my dog. It's quite delicious, really. Forsook the insects, though; will wait for fried chicken, for din-din.

i think Australopiths and Paranthropus were communicative. id like to see some vids on that theory

Our ancestors out here eating grass and sleeping with monkeys

What if they smoked it

I was only wondering about your herpes comment. You know most people don’t have herpes simplex 2, right?

The fucking spoon hahahahah 420

Homo sapiens sapiens generally eat too much grass SEEDS. We haven't evolved for it. Some of us seem to be in the beginning stages of adaptation. I say let all of those fools become cow-apes. I plan on staying on the Tarzan side. ;)

Probably smoked a lot of sedges too. Great vid...

What is up with that red coffee mug? Am I seeing what I think I am seeing?

Do you think this is a possible Bigfoot diet?

How did Paranthropus disappear??? Who is the responsible? Homo erectus or aliens??

Yeah, when I talk about evolution, I get all the Bible belt wackos as well. I feel your pain Stefan. And no it’s not Satan‘s work. It’s our evolution fax and most people can’t handle facts so keep doing what you’re doing. Good job and ignore the wackos, and the people that try to push their religious agenda on you.

Is he speaking with a spoon in his hand??

Is that a spoon?

Is he holding a spoon pretending to be a mike