Amazing video. I just found out my Great Grandfather was a Scottish Covenanter from Northern Ireland (family originally from Scotland). They were heavily persecuted in Scotland and 18,000+ of them died fighting for the religious freedom we all enjoy today. They also were the first abolitionists against slavery in America. And won numerous battles in The American Revolution. They also would not vote in America for the longest time since there was no mention of Jesus in The Constitution. Incredible history. Have you heard of them Zoomer?

Thank you for the amazing summarized theology. I’ve just found the church near my apartment and will attend this week.

As a Baptist I love how you break all this information down as a resource for anyone

The non denominational church I grew up in was governed like a Presbyterian church. The church elders have authority over the pastor, keep him in line, and make most of the important decisions.

Lord Jesus Christ is our Lord and Savior. Glory be to Lord Jesus Christ🛐✝️☦️

As a Non-Denominational I do believe that our primary problem is how we govern our churches.

I'm grateful for the effort you invest in researching and presenting informative content. Well done!

I’m a Lutheran and Presbyterian church government is 100% the best way to go.

You’re amazing! Wow, I learned so much! Keep up the good work!

Presbyterians: "Presbyterians are the only Church governed by Elders and Synods!" Lutherans: "Bro, you stole that from us..." Presbyterians: "So? Stealing from Lutherans is 95% of our theology!"

Love these videos, I am in a place at the moment where I am questioning my 'pentecostal' faith (have been for a while, but more now than ever), and I already believe a lot of reformed doctrine. Now though, it's come to a time I have many more questions. This whole series has been great so far.

I love this series! I am a new christian so I’m learning about all this

I love watching your videos. I pass them onto the "heathen anglicans" (as I once heard them described) of my current congregation (all dear friends). I was baptised into the Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland and all my childhood memories are of the beautiful simplicity of the Sabbath, the preaching and joyful a cappella singing of the psalms. I'm exiled in England. The nearest FPCS congregation is 145 miles away in London and unreachable. I attend an Anglican service in my local, very pretty, village church. It's not the same thing, rather weird, full of imagery, vestments, liturgies, hymns, anthems and far from the Westminster Confession of Faith but, on the other hand, by God's Will, there's 'a lot of hyssop' in it. I will not be moved. All the best.

Love it, brother!

Very Good info, thank you for your effort and creative expression.

Great series of videos!

Hello sir, I wanted to ask you to make a tier list video of Anglican sub-denominations. would that be possible?

The separation of church and state, at least in the way the founders of the United States intended it, is literally both. It's intended to prevent both the church and the state from controlling one another. What it DOES NOT mean is that the two can't have any mixing at all, despite this being the modern popular interpretation.

Learned so much from this one. I shave much better understanding of the differences between us and the Episcopalians now

Thank you redeemed. Thank you

How can I like this video twice? So good!

Alright... I do enjoy your vivid presentations. When * crazy televangelists, non denominational " I burst laughter out! I don't see this as a put down because you, as the video creator, has a wee bit of that yourself. I continue to appreciate you video content.

Baptist here. Glad I'm not the only one who says "not a concert and a TED talk".

The Founding Fathers were Arminian freemasons, though. Jefferson utterly hated Calvin, and none of them took Christianity very seriously.

Nice summary. Aspects of this were a good review for me being Dutch Reformed.

I need guidance and blessings of Lord Jesus Christ. I believe in Lord Jesus Christ. My interest is in the Christianity. I have faith in the Holy Bible. Lord Jesus Christ is the real God.

Taiping video when?

0:00 yes

Bro please realese your music somewhere, it's so good

I've been looking for a church denomination to go to for about a year now and so far I've been torn between deciding on Lutheran or Presbyterian. (Deciding is the easy part. Finding either of the two is hard considering I'm surrounded by baptist and non dom churches) Anyway what i was getting at is you're really selling Calvinism/presbyterian pretty well.

Great stuff, as usual. I appreciate your work in the Kingdom. I'm also a Presbyterian (PCA) - so we are on the same wavelength (though you are light years ahead of me in many ways). I would love to hear your take on a couple of books I published. I also have one coming out this year on a defense of a modified form of Calvinism. I expect to get some heat from that one. But your insights would be most helpful. The author name is RS Trifulescu. The first two works are on Christianity basics. I know you are quite busy, so no problem if you don't have time for this amateur. God bless you and your work!

is the energizer part of the regulative principle of worship?

Where are you getting that Sabbath = Lord’s Day? Also none of the patriarchs were present in Hieria

Nice series. Can you dive in apostolic sucession on a general matter but specially on the protestant case? I am a baptist being almost converted to catholicism (a part of me really wants it but another is very uneasy on doing it).

What happened to the video about nepihim

Technically, the Congregationalists not the Presbyterians founded New England. I get that both are from the Reformed tradition, but they're still different. The Puritans took their congregationalist form of church government and then applied it to civil government. Tom Hooker's sermon on government was then used to create the constitution of Conneticut making it the first written constitution in world history.

Hey where do I find a Presbyterian church that isn’t overrun in Southcoast Massachusetts? I’m interested in attending one

*chefs kiss* The Internets purest Presbyterian revisionist propaganda. I kid. I love this channel and have been a fan since nearly the begging. I assume some of the claims here are tongue in cheek but I fell its worth pointing out a few things. TLDR; The Presbyterians were influential in the construction of America, but did not have nearly as outsized as the video portrays. Many of the things credited to Presbytarians here arguably or obviously belong to other Protestant denominations, Catholics, or secularists. Presbyterians did have a massive influence on the structure of American government, the middle colonies were after all the heartland of Presbyterianism in America and its no coincidence that Pennsylvanians, Virginians, and New Yorker's had outsized influence in the design of the nation. That being said, the Presbyterian church in America underwent schism in response to the American revolution. As noted in the video, the congregationalist church structure emphasizes independent self government. The Puritans in New England were congregationalist radicals and its no surprise that virtually all the agitation leading up to the Declaration of Independence started there. While the religious justifications for rebellion may very well have been drawn from Rutherford's idea that Romans 13 included the qualification that since governments were instituted by God as his minister, if the government was acting contrary to Gods laws it was illegitimate and could be thrown off, many of the proofs given for the British government subverting Gods law were drawn from liberalisms interpretation of natural law. The Idea was held and pushed primarily by Deists who popularized it into general acceptance. Luther's justification for rebellion also played a large in relation to the German Peasants war also played a large roll in justifying revolt, that is that legitimate violence can only be carried out by the state according to scripture and therefore any rebellion against the state must be led by a part of that state. I believe the idea was called revolt of the princes. In the Americans case the legitimacy came from the duly elected colonial governments. Outside of the congregationalists in New England, spontaneous non sanctioned violence was rare. Finally, the idea of separation of church and state has its roots as far back as Greek philosophy but finds its first expression in Christianity in St. Augustines City of God. Luther adopted Augustines expression, known as the two kingdoms doctrine, early on and Madison explicitly credits him particularly with influencing American ideas of separation of church and state. It was the radical reformers though, the Anabaptist Michael Sattler in particular, who advocated for a total separation, a wall of separation as Jefferson called it, that had the most obvious impact on the Diest founders like Jefferson and Franklin. Secularists also made important contributions to the concept. Montesquieu, an influential liberal thinker and nominal catholic quoted heavily by the founders, expressed a legal framework for the separation of church and state that closely resembles what we have in the U.S. now.

Amazing video! One question I have is you said Presbyterians have apostolic succession and I’m wondering how so?

Great, thanks to Calvin for descovering fiftheen centuries Ad Domini that Bishops and Elders are the same things! No one cares about 1500 years of consistent teaching on this matter, right?

Did anything happen to your Discord server? You don't seem to be putting the invite link in your videos anymore. Could you please put the new link in your next video? God bless you brother.

What is the organ sound you use in the intro music?

NEXT VIDEO NOW!!! I WANT IT NOW!!!

Anyone else notice that a lot of pentecostal and evangelical denominations tend to have a polity that mixes presbyterianism and episcopalianism? On the one hand they tend to have general councils/synods but on the other hand they have an elected leadership with a lot more power to it.

It’s funny I never knew what a Presbyterian church system was but I realize I agree with basically everything you said haha

What do you think of the traditional way the Dutch reformed church did holy communion, it is called one cup communion, and go up to the table as a congregation, and eat of the bread and drink from one cup. A lot of Dutch reformed churches have gone away from this tradition in the past 60 years, and personally i think we should bring it back.

Acts 1:21-26 shows us that Apostolic Succession is based on the laying on of hands. Saints Ignatius of Antioch and Irenaeus of Lyons distinguish between elders and bishops. This shows us that episcopal government developed by the second century at the latest. It's important to remember that the words "presbyteroi," "episkopoi," and even "diakonoi" were just regular Greek words meaning "elders," "overseers," and "servants" respectively. Really, it wouldn't be incorrect to describe any of the three orders with any of these words. The early Church was more fluid with these names even if the structure was there. In 1 Timothy 1:3 and Titus 1:5, we see that Timothy and Titus are individually given special oversight over their respective regions, which would support the episcopacy. The functional system was there even if the vocabulary started off a little vague. This is the view supported by St. John Chrysostom: “[In Philippians 1:1 Paul says,] ‘To the co-bishops and deacons.’ What does this mean? Were there plural bishops of some city? Certainly not! It is the presbyters that [Paul] calls by this title; for these titles were then interchangeable, and the bishop is even called a deacon. That is why, when writing to Timothy, he says, ‘Fulfill your diaconate’ [2 Tim. 4:5], although Timothy was then a bishop. That he was in fact a bishop is clear when Paul says to him, ‘Lay hands on no man lightly’ [1 Tim. 5:22], and again, ‘Which was given you with the laying on of hands of the presbytery’ [1 Tim. 4:14], and presbyters would not have ordained a bishop” (Saint John Chrysostom: Homilies on Philippians 1:1 [A.D. 402]). This is corroborated by Theodoret of Cyrus: "By overseer here he (Paul) means elder, as we demonstrated in commenting on the letter to the Philippians. Here, too, it is very easy to grasp this: after the laws for overseers he puts in writing those for deacons, making no mention of the elders. But, as I remarked, at that time they were in the habit of calling the same people overseers and elders, whereas to those now called overseers they gave the name apostles" (Theodoret of Cyrrhus, Commentary on 1 Timothy 3:1). It's true that Saint Jerome says that the episcopacy is an innovation. However, it is more likely that he is incorrect here. In saying this, he contradicts not only every other patristic but also himself. Elsewhere, he claims the episcopacy goes back to the Apostles: "Simon Peter the son of John, from the village of Bethsaida in the province of Galilee, brother of Andrew the apostle, and himself chief of the apostles, after having been bishop of the church of Antioch and having preached to the Dispersion - the believers in circumcision, in Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia and Bithynia - pushed on to Rome in the second year of Claudius to overthrow Simon Magus, and held the sacerdotal chair there for twenty-five years until the last, that is the fourteenth, year of Nero" (Saint Jerome: On Illustrious Men). As I hinted at before, episcopal government can be found in Scripture. 1 Timothy 5:17-22, 1 Timothy 1:3, and Titus 1:5 clearly show Saint Paul charging Saints Timothy and Titus with the duties of a bishop. Saints Timothy and Titus are given authority over the other elders in their respective regions. For example, in 1 Timothy 5:17-22, The words "Never admit," "rebuke," "I charge you," and "Do not be hasty" are singular in the original Greek. This shows that Timothy personally had authority over the elders of Ephesus as a bishop. This view is corroborated by patristic evidence that says Saints Timothy and Titus were the bishops of Ephesus and Crete respectively (Eusebius: Church History, Book III).

What the correct brach of Christianity?

Bro I need girlfriend

How can the council of hieria be valid if both rome and the orthodox didn't show up? Cant pick and choose which councils are valid they all are or none are.

I feel like this series is just going to be what Presbyterians show in their confirmation in the future 😭

Question to any Lutherans out there, I've heard Lutherans make arguments tha could be interpreted as any of the 3 forms of government. Are there some Lutherans that are congregational?

Can you explain me about the apostolic succession in the Presbyterian Church, or a book where I can learn that? Great Video

Hello, are you sure the meaning of "Shabbat" is "Lord's day"? I by no means doubt Sunday is the day we should rest and go to church, but I looked for the etymology just to be sure and I found this: The word Shabbat derives from the Hebrew root ש־ב־ת. Although frequently translated as "rest" (noun or verb), another accurate translation is "ceasing [from work]."[4] The notion of active cessation from labour is also regarded[by whom?] as more consistent with an omnipotent God's activity on the seventh day of creation according to Genesis.

Well now I have to look up Presbyterian stained glass windows. Thanks Redeemed Zoomer!

An important note: The Council (Synod) of Hieria was called for by Constantine V, a civil authority. In other words, it was the state telling the church what to do. And none of the patriarchs were there. Which I guess doesn't mean much from a Presbyterian perspective, but does show that the synod was not universally accepted. And if it was the state telling the church what to do, and we uphold the separation of church and state, then we can justifiably say that its contents are not worth taking seriously. Otherwise, we're saying that the state can tell the church what to do.

5:47 aka liturgy or mass

I'm not denominational but I LOVE presbyterians!

The way I see separation of Church and State is to prevent theocracy like different countries had. But, people have stretched it to mean separation of religion and State, which was never against the rules.

A question I often have as a Catholic is do you believe that the majority of Christians who have ever lived have been in jeopardy of damnation because of icons, prayers to saints, worship of the Eucharist, etc.? The answer I usually get is “Sola Fide and you’re cool” but that doesn’t seem to hold up if I’m putting my faith in bread? Interested to know your thoughts!

In the Dutch reformed church I go to, it is tradition to read the 10 commandments every Sunday, ive never seen it where we didn't. Also it seems we are the only churches that have 2 services on Sunday, but correct me if i any other churches do as well.

why was this video supressed in my feed?

Would the reformed prohibition on images prohibit one from watching movies like the chosen or passion?

6:24 didnt joshua venerate the ark of the covenant

Good arguments for the strength of the Presbyterian form of church government, however, why is the PCUSA where it is currently if that is its roots? Shouldn't the presbytery stop the liberal drift? What's to stop the authority of a denomination having a reverse effect on individual congregations? (bad authority forcing good churches to change)

I have a question how was Jesus jewish yet he was spreading the word of god i do not understand. Was it because he was born in the Middle East.

Good Vid

in the apostolic age when the church was small, the apostles were the bishops as thery were overseeing congregations that were run by presbyters (priests) with Peter being the lead apostle having the final say. with passage of the apostles, presbyters moved into these offices to oversee affairs of areas, multiple congregations. this follows the set-up found to this day in the catholic church where at the parish level there is a priest in charge of the parish as a pastor with some assistants if needed. over a number of parishes there's a bishop. and presbyters were priests unlike the presbyterian presbyters that are not priests, so obviously and naturally Bread and Wine is just that, there is no change during the sacrifice at the Mass into Blood and Body of Christ.

As a Catholic, I disagree with a lot of this, but your ability to actually and logically articulate your theology is just so darn refreshing

Could the phrases of reverent, solemn, and orderly be just white European/ American culture more than a biblical mandate? Is the American Black church in sin for being joyful and loud?

So as non denominational we are still saved but we just worship wrong? Is that what you are saying? Not being confrontational just asking honestly. Thanks.

I’ve been attending a PCUSA church that doesn’t administer Communion, and the preaching is rather secular. How could I help?

I will never forget my University chapel’s program called “Messy Church”, where acts of worship involved playing with LEGOs!

Congregationalism, not presbyterianism, is the representative democracy analog. Representatives have delegated authority from their constituents. They're members of their respective voting districts. Congregational elders, meeting in synod, are members of their churches rather than members of the synod. Presbyterianism is feudalism where a landed class of people (the presbytery) rule over their subjects (the laity). They're not members of the churches, they're members of presbytery. The congregationalists actually described their system as resembling a monarchy, democracy and aristocracy at the same time in different ways. This is in the Cambridge platform.

Hey zoomer, as someone who considers themself ‘reformed’ in regard to theology, could you explain more in depth what you mean that Presbyterians are ‘apostolic’? A little confused on the matter.

Based video

The Jamestown settlers got to (now) Virginia before the pilgrims got to (now) Massachusetts but aight

What is the difference between this and a Pentecostal church? not the Hill Song sort of Pentecostal, I go to a church that is one, but looks very 'church' like and there is some tongues that happens and a Shafar horn blown at times. Can get a bit crazy aha, but the spirit seems to be very present. My thoughts come more from how the disciples had Pentecost in the bible, I thought that maybe that was the first, but honestly just a spit-ball thought. I am very new to theology studies but find it all really fascinating and obviously wanna get things right before the end aha.

The Anglican church is very much in between Reformed and Lutheran theology. For example the 39 Articles believe in a very Lutheran understanding of baptism and election

So I might not be saved?

Respectfully, I disagree. The reason Bishops and Elders are given the same requirements is because the Bishop is a Presbyterian of the Presbyters. Watch Anglivan Aesthetics for more on that.

based

I personally don’t agree with Calvinism but I do agree with elders running the church. I wish there was an easy way to reconcile this

Star Wars Day? In a Church?

Hold up, Revelation 1:10 doesn't specify which day it's calling the "Lord's Day." Can you prove it's referring to Sunday rather than the seventh-day Sabbath?

0:43 Don’t be dissing beans on toast like that

I’ll believe you’ll find that they are called “Moai”, RZ.

Read the constitutional conventions debates and it will become pretty clear that the real father of the constitution wasn’t Madison (although his teacher was the Presbyterian theologian John Witherspoon) but the devout Congregationalist Roger Sherman

Reformed Zoomer I gotta ask I’ve seen a couple of titles that make me wonder: what is your stance on (American. Assuming you are an American based off various things you have said) politics and how do you think it affects your faith? I see you use the word “progressive” as a buzzword in what seems to be a negative connotation, and I’m just wondering the reasoning behind it

The Didache has more to say about the role of prophets among the congregations than of overseers or deacons.

King Henry VIII was like: “Look at me. Look. At. Me. I’m the captain now.” Understand that Luther and Calvin had nothing to do with England turning Protestant. Henry did it just to divorce his wife, and then he kept all the hierarchy and many Catholic traditions.

3:55 I see Pasters as being a co-equal, but subservient branch to the elders. The elders tell the pasters what to do. Like run Sunday service, create a choir , have Sunday school,open a Christian’s school, have small groups, organize a mission trip etc and it’s the job of the pastors to execute what the elders want. Now the pastors may need support such as money labor etc to execute what the elders want. And the elders are elected by the church members. Normally everyone should be working together but being subservient means if the paster wants to perform gay marriages for example and the elders say no. The paster can not do that. If the Pastor wants to spend a large quantity of church money on a private jet the elders can say no.

Don't know if you'll read this. But I saw that there was a conflict on your channel with some other Eastern Orthodox posters. I can't make apologies for anyone else, but I hope we're able to reach some kind of detente. I think you make good content, and I don't like seeing acrimony among different Christian communities. I hope this post does not offend you 🙏

I know orderly worship is biblical, however i love to look at how david worshipped the Lord......what are your thoughts on that, and how can we compare the worship david gave, to the worship the epistles tell us to give. Remember, david was a man after God's own heart...so surely the Lord loves to hear and see worship that is from the heart and not so mundane and solemn all the time right? Help me to understand this

I’d love to see Redeemed Zoomer debate a JW

Sabbath means 7th. Otherwise, good informative video.

Why would “band worship” be sinful? Also, who gave Presbyterians authority as leaders?

4:55 No one knows where their authority comes from? Maybe the word?

This is a brilliant satire

It's episkopos episkopoi would be the plural