Totally, totally, totally inspirational!!! "One small step for a dynein, one giant leap for mankind." Thank you, Rick Fearn

It's really amazing how much we have learned about the cell in my lifetime. 50 years ago we were taught that the cell was a "simple" conglomeration of cytoplasm and a few other organelles. Mind blowing.

I've watched this several times, and am humbled and amazed by these miraculous molecular processes. Ron Vale is a brilliant and inspiring teacher!

I am absolutely fascinated by the way life works at the chemical level . With no real education in biology I really appreciate the way Mr.Vale explains these systems . He makes it so easy to understand. I also appreciate the honesty . So many people online , because they are experts in their fields , act as if everything is understood. Ron isn't afraid to admit that they are looking for answers and everything isn't already figured out . Much respect and thanks to iBiology and Ron for the great honest content that is so rare on KZfaq and social media these days .

The videos of the moving dots are fascinating. The detective work in the labs is breathtaking. The explanation is clear, engagingly clear. Ron Vale did it again!

As an mechanical engineer this size and complexity of "machinery" is just mind blowing and how far man kind has to go to understand motor functions. I will have to re-school myself now! :)

Dear Dr Ron Vale, this is the clearest & best explained, lecture on this subject I've seen.. So is your 1st episode.. *(I'm watching this in 2023, so 8yrs later, there still aren't any better 😋) 💯

Thank you, iBiology and Dr. Ron Vale, for both the excellent content in this video and for the work that you do. I appreciate you and your colleagues' efforts in exploring these interesting aspects of life and am enriched exponentially after listening to it. Again, thank you and please keep up the good work!

Absolutely fantastic. I have a couple of 15-year-olds I've been trying to lure out of the video-gaming space, and start studying real-world sciences and the evolution of the technology which allowed us to create the modern world we live in. Material like this, explained in simple language, and simple step-wise fashion is exactly what I've been looking for. Thank you Dr. Ron (and thank you Howard !;)

Prof. Vale and his group have done a tremendous job with this series of videos. The discussion was highly informative, and more importantly, highly accessible. Very clear explanation, and very informative graphics. Thanks so much for putting this information out there. Makes me want to switch careers.

Thank you, Dr. Ron Vale for amazing lectures

I like his honest approach to say we do not know, instead of persons who know everything...👍

"DIDO", By gosh even a complete brainless layman slug like me, can understand this when explained so beautifully. Pardon the self deprecation, my favorite comedic pass time. I can surely see a time in the not to distant future when these structures, and functions become well understood, and we are able to engineer our way to wellness in so many situations.The metaphors are so important to break through the confidence barrier. We are all so grateful that you share this with us. If we can somehow keep from doing anything to stupid in the next 20-30 years, we may actually get somewhere as a species with the help and example of a 3.5 billion year old experiment.

Incredible animations and wonderful explanation by Dr Vale. Super high quality material ! Thanks a lot

This was beautiful! Very comprehensive and well explained, only took one viewing to grasp.

Excellent presentation! I have the feeling that your work will give the next "Giant leap for mankind"

Gotta love this. These animations are so interesting, fun and useful!

At 5:47 the good doc referred to melanocytes as a type of "skin" cell when in fact they are derived from neuroectoderm. That's right the cells that shade our skin eyes and hair are from a section of our outer embryonic layer that has already begun to infold into nerve tissue-the inception of our CNS. So the diseases that affect pigment also affect our nervous system where melanocytes function as well. So much for intelligent design!

Talking about these complex Motors in microscopic size and you still believe in evolution amazing

This was absolutely fascinating, and clear enough for a layperson to understand. Thank you for sharing with curious minds!

Damn this made my professors lecture so much easier to understand. Thank you!!!

Thank you professor,these subjects truely wowed me

You made me SOOO excited learning this, I am a Med School student but to be honest I hated this topic so much because my professor is terrible explaining, until I found your videos on this I was impressed on this! :)

Would love to see your 2021 update, this was wonderful to learn.

How do they maintain lanes, deal with lane changes and avoid collisions? There must be a sideways processes. Collision detection and non random rotation around the tubule. There must be chaperone proteins in the cellular fluid that are partly docked to the tubule that switch lanes and serve as railway signals.

Thank you so much for sharing knowledge!

Thanks for a very interesting pair of videos. Can you tell me what happens when the motile units hit the +ve or -ve end of their journey? Do thay fall off the track and get disassembled, for their constituant parts to be used elsewhere? Or do they get transported back to their start-points by the other type of motile unit?

these videos are great. thanks so much.

Thanks, so nicely explained, thanks again for making these videos, available free.

Wonderful Biochemistry explained by Animations .. Thank you for uploading such a informative videos

Really ibiology helps me very much

Very nice and very informative. Do we know which structure dynein or kinesin's move "faster"?? Are they differentially expressed in certain cellular components e.g. sperm axoneme? And does the difference in "speed" reflect the cellular function dependent on location of expression?? Since dynein is larger, I presume it takes bigger steps??? Thanks!

A really good lecture. Thanks.

I only just randomly came across this stuff today. So based on my limited understanding, these motors can also be associated with diseases through mutations. This I believe opens up the possibility discovering what causes what is commonly defined as Dyskinetic Syndrome (loss of control over mobility, random mobility) in Tarantulas and other arachnids within the pet trade - which either ends up in a painful death for the animal, or "Mercy Euthanized" by the owner to end the animal's suffering - without ever there being a chance of recovery. If you were to find/locate a tarantula with DKS, it could become possible to: A: Identify what exactly is causing DKS B: Potentially come up with a mechanism which could help cure/treat arachnids and other animals suffering from such conditions. C: How would such a study and potential treatment be applied to non-humans?

This is really interesting. If Dynein is minus-end directed, what happens to it when it reaches its destination? Since it can't go back to the positive end, something must happen.

Thank you tor this movie. This is some millions dollar worth for me. I mean priceless. Thank you.

Thank you Ian Gibbons, RIP, January 30, 2018

Please What is the electrical aspect Involved with our molecular activities?

Thank you sir

I started watching this to go to sleep but stayed up because it's so incredible and now I can't stop thinking about how cool everything on earth is, brain go brrrrrrrt

How does the atomic flurescent stuff target specific feet independantly?

Thank you.

so the movement of kinesin is rythmic alternative while that of dynein is nonrhythmic semiautonomous between the dimer units cool

If all these different motors can move only in one direction, how do they come back to the starting point? Maybe the other motors carry them back?

tq so much explained so well

I’m trying to imagine stepper motors, sensors, triggers, ligaments and locks but my mind keeps coming back to purpose and software. There is a tremendous amount of work been done but it’s the difference between raw minerals and an MIT robotic Spot. I look forward to further developments on more information on our creator’s devices in the future. Thank you.

THis is really fascinating. Any updates on it as of now?

HAVE YOU GUYS THOUGHT ABOUT USING MACHINE LEARNING OR AI TO HELP TO FIND OUT HOW THESE MOLECULES WORK?

Please make a video for Taurine.

The assembly of complex molecules involves a series of enzymes that must react in a proper sequence, very often producing intermediates that are useless to the cell until the final product is formed. Evolutionists imagine that these enzymes evolve randomly, often from a duplicate gene, and that the succession of steps in the synthesis, at least often, represents the succession of steps in the historical evolution of the process (the Granick hypothesis). But forces of natural selection could not operate to favour an organism which had ‘evolved’ a series of enzymes which merely produced useless intermediates until it somehow got around to making the end product. The Calvin cycle requires eleven different enzymes, all of which are coded by nuclear DNA and targeted precisely to the chloroplast, where the coding sequence is clipped off at just the right place by a nuclear-encoded protease. In reality, as described in the preceding paragraph, none of the enzymes can be missing if the Calvin cycle is to function. It is true that many of these enzymes are ubiquitous in living systems because every living cell needs to generate ribulose phosphates for the production of RNA, but evolutionists cannot solve the problem by merely pushing it back in time. The assembly of chlorophyll takes seventeen enzymes.21 Natural selection could not operate to favour a system with anything less than all seventeen being present and functioning. What evolutionary process could possibly produce complex sophisticated enzymes that generate nothing useful until the whole process is complete? Some evolutionists argue that the assumed primeval organic soup had many of the simpler chemicals, and that only as they were used up did it become necessary to generate the earlier enzymes in the pathway. In The Mystery of Life’s Origin: Reassessing Current Theories, the authors set forth the good basic chemistry that demonstrates that there could never have been an organic soup, and present some of the evidence out there in the world indicating that there never was.22 Denton23 and Overman24 also cite a number of experts who suggest that there is no evidence for such a primitive soup but rather considerable evidence against it. Chlorophyll itself, and many of the intermediates along its pathway of synthesis can form triplet states, which would destroy surrounding lipids by a free radical cascade apart from the context of the enzymes that manufacture them and the apoproteins into which they are inserted at the conclusion of their synthesis.25 According to Asada26 ‘triplet excited pigments are physiologically equivalent to the active oxygens’, and according to Sandmann and Scheer, chlorophyll triplets ‘are already highly toxic by themselves . . . .’27 The entire process of chlorophyll synthesis from δ-aminolevulinic acid to protoporphyrin IX is apparently tightly coupled to avoid leakage of intermediates.28 Almost all of the enzymes of chlorophyll biosynthesis are involved in handling phototoxic material.29 For many of these enzymes, if they are not there when their substrate is manufactured, the cell will be destroyed by their substrate on the loose in the wrong place at the wrong time. Apel30 has cited four of the enzymes of chlorophyll biosynthesis for which this has been proven to be the case. This is a significant problem for evolutionists, who need time for these enzymes to evolve successively. Each time a new enzyme evolved it would have produced a new phototoxin until the next enzyme evolved.

Awesome

Amazing

Amazing discussion of how subcellular motors work. I'm impressed that what we have learned is still incomplete, even though our understanding has improved over the years. Myosin and kinesin were thought to be related, one being derived from the other by virtue of evolution, but now we know they're not related at all... It's amazing that all this complexity can be declared to be the result of evolution because the lecturer says so, and then he can change his mind and tell us something else. Life used to be so simple until we found out it isn't. All this molecular machinery that functions together so perfectly to perform vital tasks at the right time and in the right order gets more complicated every year as we find out more about what's involved. In case you haven't heard, Darwin is dead.

Nicely presented rented,so even this high school dropout can make heads or tails out of it. Thanks very much.

Are the in all animals the same?

We need more of you! We thank you. We will now clone you.

So glad real scientists are doing real science. The more we learn about our amazing extremely complex purposeful intelligent design the harder it becomes for evolutionary scientists to explain how such immensely complex systems could evolve at all.

We though inch by inch was small. Thanks for the video.

god i wish i knew what any of this meant, it sounds so interesting

Love the videos ,but I have a theory We have to look at this also lime hoe atoms working in an electrical and magnetism. I seems to me that they are reacting to aaa3 as a resister and also they are switching back and force from - to +. Allowing it to move forward on the host

Doesn't the dynein motor domain jiggle from brownian motion in 3D, such that it would jiggle crosswise or transverse to the microtubule, not just fore and aft along the stalk? Wouldn't that open the probability of transverse movement? I didn't see that indicated in your motion video. Brownian motion doesn't seem to account for progressive movement tho even with the lever arm, just by all its very nature...more like some elecmag attraction being activated between motor domain and microtubule. Just sayin.

how does everything just make use of ATP so elegantly??

So DNA itself doesn't actually determine your traits? It interacts with proteins via molecular forces to, as a whole, determine body structure and inherited genes? WOW! I'm only in 11th grade so I haven't taken any college level classes other than AP ones, so forgive me if I ask a question about that I am supposed to know, but does that mean DNA/proteins/RNA are the simplest molecules that can actually perform all these functions necessary to keep life alive? It brings tears to my eyes to want to understand how life arose and how the universe truly works🙂

" We just do stuff"! - Carl Swaggan

Complicated 'machines'' are designed. This video shows proof of God Intelligent Design of the human (and other) life.

por favor, donde estan estas motor molecules, donde trabajan? cual es su función? gracias

Yeah down there

Great stuff. I love the whole series. I ask that Ron please take "uh" and "um" out of his dictation, it is very distracting. Toastmasters would help.

Ahmet Yıldız. He is Turkish. Thank you for video

please quantify how much more violent the shaking from brownian motion is at the 29 min mark of this video it would be good to at least keep a real mental model of reality at scale to conceptualize these functions correctly

why people don't learn more about this on their own to help understand the origins of life is beyond me.

Huh... i wonder how rigid these motor proteins are.... are they like flippy-floppy string, or more akin to a solid lever?

QUESTION: If 1 nanometer is considered to be 1 centimeter long; 1 millimeter should be equal to how many centimeters? ANSWER: 1,000,000 centimeters. or 10,000 meters, or 10 kilometers

wow

It’s also digitally fast, time division multiplexing!

So Dynein is moving by doing Michael Jackson Move, lean forward without falling. I don't get it

He looks younger in this iBiology than the one in 2007.

First let me say beautiful presentation, and fascinating work. It took decades of research and study by highly intelligent people to reach this point and we still have no clue, how, why, what. May I suggest all the labs of the world couldn’t build a machine with a fraction of the complexity, and yet we’re told to believe this all happened and happens by chance and time. One of which does not exist as chance is not a force, and time which only produces death. After seeing this and continue to believe in evolution is to check your brain at the door. Again beautiful work, but there’s no evolution here.

I tried replicating the walking modes, variable step size, and back steps by pacing it out in my hallway. I would be an untalented dynein molecule. And my wife thinks I'm losing it.

who designed these machines

Dynein seems less efficient then kinesin and myosin.

38:19 my brain insists on them having eyes in that hole

My brain exploded after watching this vedio (っ °Д °;)っ

What language is he speaking?

Incy wincy dynein steps along the microtubule But Brownian motion caused it to take a backward step Along came some ATP and caused a conformational change So the incy wincy dynein could move forward once again

Evolution has given us some crazy wacky ways of getting the job done.

All glory goes to God.

When they unload the cargo, how does it get back to the opposite polarity end to get it's next load? They only go one way either + to - or - to + you don't explain that. I see..."Not fully understood" really means "We have no idea"! Which " evolved first" the motors or the ability to create and dismantle the tubular highway? I wonder how the tubular knows when/where it's needed and where to connect to and when to dismantle. It seems to be controlled by some mechanism inside the cell. Would that controller have evolved before or after the tubulars. Hopefully before because the cell would not work. But without the tubulars the cell would not work, and the controller would not be needed. All of those must have all developed or evolved at the same time. How how did they know that was necessary... Seems more like the cell entire cell and it's enormous number of machines would have to evolve fully functional and containing everything instantly. Ain't evolution miraculous? If any one tiny component wasn't there from the very start, the cell would die and dead cells are not going to make anything or evolve. You explain how it moves, now explain how it knows what to move, when to move it and where to move it. How were the loads moved before they evolved? No movement, the cell dies. Dead cells don't evolve.

If cells were interrogated, they would not accept the cell theory, but define life much more molecularly and would perhaps admit that matter entirely is ALIVE. ....

Something on the micro scale, exhibiting ‘ macroscopic’ behaviour, paradox?

Ya ya ya ya yeet ya

*"...dynein is an incredibly complicated machine." (**1:00**) "So, simply because this motor has been so big and complicated, it has made it difficult to study." (**1:40**)* When hikers see a small pile of rocks marking the trail (a cairn), they know immediately that it did not self-assemble via natural forces. So why do some people, when they look at molecular machines, shout, _"See? Proof of self-assembly via natural forces!"_ Humans really do see what they are looking for, don't they?

I apologize, but I thought "Minecraft flying machines" are somehow simmilar to these molecular machines...

د.

This is old. How old is this? Is this too old..?

Thanks for proving that cells have always been complex thus destroying the theory of evolution and proving creation. What complex design.

It is so fascinating that all of these molecular motors spontaneously arose from non-living particles, and they somehow knew what to do to start making DNA/RNA - putting the proteins all together perfectly to make a living cell that could move, eat, excrete, and reproduce. It is also so freaking amazing that when non-living space dust assembled itself like this, there existed the right environment for survival and something for that very first cell to eat, so when it did reproduce the future cells could continue to eat and evolve for billions of years into people.

Dynein, the original silly walker.

how do you know the jiggles are due to Brownian motion and not an excessive amount of caffeine? 🤣

Umm umm