First quantum measurement of gravity: What does it mean?

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Sabine Hossenfelder

Sabine Hossenfelder

3 ай бұрын

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You may have seen recent headlines saying something about the first measurement of gravity in the quantum realm or such. Have they now measured quantum gravity? I had a look at the paper.
This video comes with a quiz: quizwithit.com/start_thequiz/...
Paper here: www.science.org/doi/10.1126/s...
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#science #quantum #gravity #space #quantumphysics

Пікірлер: 1 100
@SabineHossenfelder
@SabineHossenfelder 3 ай бұрын
This video comes with a quiz: quizwithit.com/start_thequiz/1708902179498x963498281172992000
@Thomas-gk42
@Thomas-gk42 3 ай бұрын
15/17, thought I was smarter, but I managed being member now, so there´s still a chance.
@thebooksthelibrarian8530
@thebooksthelibrarian8530 3 ай бұрын
@@Thomas-gk42So did i.
@osmosisjones4912
@osmosisjones4912 3 ай бұрын
Can't get energy from nothing. But what about space
@AquarianSoulTimeTraveler
@AquarianSoulTimeTraveler 3 ай бұрын
The magnetic and diamagnetic 2 at once.
@AquarianSoulTimeTraveler
@AquarianSoulTimeTraveler 3 ай бұрын
kzfaq.info/get/bejne/obyThbZy29SzpXU.htmlsi=xSd2z59D4yCNl0p-
@howtoappearincompletely9739
@howtoappearincompletely9739 3 ай бұрын
I would listen intently to the "long story" of why you left the field of quantum gravity, Dr Hossenfelder.
@tarmaque
@tarmaque 3 ай бұрын
She learned that KZfaq videos are more lucrative.
@jriceblue
@jriceblue 3 ай бұрын
She did talk about it in another video, but at this point she has so many that I'm not about to go looking for it. :| I forget the takeaway, but IIR it was a synthesis of "this may be a dead end," "funding is hard to get for things that lack charisma," and "the field is full of people who are just chasing things with charisma, even if they aren't scientifically sound."
@robrhyner2949
@robrhyner2949 3 ай бұрын
I would too.
@ypey1
@ypey1 3 ай бұрын
She probably offended the string theory professor?😅
@gueviemoncor328
@gueviemoncor328 3 ай бұрын
Me too
@andrewmiller1258
@andrewmiller1258 3 ай бұрын
"Time exists so that everything doesn't happen at once. Space exists so that it doesn't all happen to you" - Susan Sontag
@meenki347
@meenki347 3 ай бұрын
Sounds like the metaphorical God before the Big Bang. Now I understand why God had to sacrifice himself. He was overwhelmed and couldn't take it anymore.
@Vatsek
@Vatsek 3 ай бұрын
And gravity exists, so if you are a man, you can enjoy your testes nicely hanging down, and if you are a woman, you can enjoy your titties nicely sagging down. Tell me you've never heard of gravity defined in such human terms.
@Roonasaur
@Roonasaur 3 ай бұрын
@@meenki347 Bored out of his mind, I would think. I mean, imagine knowing everything. Never being surprised, challenged . . .
@alicemiller8031
@alicemiller8031 3 ай бұрын
Time exists because there is motion. Without it time is meaningless
@GizzyDillespee
@GizzyDillespee 3 ай бұрын
If God was everywhere and everything, then there couldn't be any motion, and therefore no time to lose.
@johnneale3105
@johnneale3105 3 ай бұрын
In your wonderful deadpan way you said, "In Physics we have experiments.", which reminded me of a Physics lecturer I once had, who introduced his topic by saying, "If it moves, its Biology, if it changes colour, it's Chemistry and if it don't work it's Physics!"
@michaelburggraf2822
@michaelburggraf2822 3 ай бұрын
According to my memories of school it's physics if it's working and not working at the same time leaving the teacher confused in both cases and pupils amused. It's chemistry if something is stinking annoyingly at best and it's getting extremely loud at worst.
@jmcsquared18
@jmcsquared18 3 ай бұрын
I try to pride myself on teaching lab so that experiments never just outright fail. On two occasions, the lab for electrostatic induction failed due to the humidity in the room causing the electric field detectors to not stay calibrated. Physics has the most sensitive experiments. That makes it so great, but it also makes it hard to teach because you have to be extremely careful.
@pittbullv5
@pittbullv5 3 ай бұрын
none of it works the way we are told,. It tells me to find out the truths for myself, ask questions and don't take bullshit answers as truths!
@michaelburggraf2822
@michaelburggraf2822 3 ай бұрын
@@jmcsquared18 it's actually experiments about electrostatics which I remember being particularly tricky. Vacuum can be similarly difficult. To be honest most other experiments were working fine.
@michaelburggraf2822
@michaelburggraf2822 3 ай бұрын
@@pittbullv5 I'm wondering how you would try to find out truths for yourself about eg. nuclear reactions or superconductivity. Apart from studying physics at university or working in a research lab I mean. On "none of it works the way we are told". At least the stuff thought at school has been confirmed often enough to be assumed to be essentially true. And the success of an experiment critically depends on the quality of its preparation and the stability of the conditions of its surroundings. That's actually a similar situation as in high tech areas like eg. semiconductor microchips for electronic memory and computer processors.
@johnpowell9174
@johnpowell9174 3 ай бұрын
It's raining today (Thursday), in Cambridge.
@SabineHossenfelder
@SabineHossenfelder 3 ай бұрын
Surprise!
@davidsharpe7869
@davidsharpe7869 3 ай бұрын
The surprise is if it had stopped, rain in England in February 😮
@PPP-on3vl
@PPP-on3vl 3 ай бұрын
​@SabineHossenfelder have u done the dishes?
@IndianArma
@IndianArma 3 ай бұрын
​@PPP-on3vl have you wiped your ass today? You should get on it.
@FrostedCreations
@FrostedCreations 3 ай бұрын
It didn't rain yesterday!
@doctorjerbear3177
@doctorjerbear3177 3 ай бұрын
"Physics makes the simpliest things mind-bogglingly complicated." Reminds me of when I took quantum mechanics. The professor spent 30 minutes solving the Schrodinger eq for the potential V(x) = const*x, which involved Bessel functions and such. After that, as a joke I raised my hand and asked, "So with V(x) = const*x, that means we would use this result to understand dropping a ball." Professor just chuckled and said, "Something like that..."
@FrancisFjordCupola
@FrancisFjordCupola 3 ай бұрын
If all that happens in Cambridge is rain than it follows that Cambridge must be entangled with Seattle.
@k9anticscolorado
@k9anticscolorado 3 ай бұрын
Seattle -Bridge entanglement 🤣🤣❤️
@IanM-id8or
@IanM-id8or 3 ай бұрын
and Melbourne
@firstnamelastname2669
@firstnamelastname2669 3 ай бұрын
I thought I wasn't there to observe it it wouldn't happen. Hope the roof has held up.
@DW-indeed
@DW-indeed 3 ай бұрын
*then
@deecyrlysons3401
@deecyrlysons3401 3 ай бұрын
You still need to define in which Bell State though!
@starventure
@starventure 3 ай бұрын
7:11 Sir Henry Cavendish - "Hmmm, this looks vaguely familiar to me for some reason..."
@alicekibbe
@alicekibbe 3 ай бұрын
You're are first person to explain the quantum gravity issue in a way l could understand.
@Shadowless_Kick
@Shadowless_Kick 3 ай бұрын
When people said quantum gravity is about cheating gravity as particles called gravitons, I could not fully understand. Now she said quantum gravity needs to explain how one particle can be at two places at the same time, it is a more clear description
@k9anticscolorado
@k9anticscolorado 3 ай бұрын
What a beautiful way to put it every time you go to your refrigerator and look at that magnet you realize that there's so much strength and force in that and it does change all around all the time❤❤❤❤❤
@starventure
@starventure 3 ай бұрын
It is fun to pull neo magnets on the refrigerator just hard enough that they separate from the metal surface but not leave the field.
@Arfarf69
@Arfarf69 3 ай бұрын
@@starventurealways did this at a kid since they taught us in elementary school how magnets worked. It was great
@k9anticscolorado
@k9anticscolorado 3 ай бұрын
Sometimes when I'm sitting outside with my dogs I just have a couple magnets in my pocket and make it move and repel and the dogs just think it's wonderful as just like me and others. 😊.
@CallMeMrjoe
@CallMeMrjoe 3 ай бұрын
I thought that was a clever way to explain the absolutely massive difference in the forces. Bloody Bravo as always. Sabine's a God damn beacon of photon-flinging, wave-particle duality unfurling across the cosmos in an electromagnetic echoic dance of information. Sabine ❤
@CallMeMrjoe
@CallMeMrjoe 3 ай бұрын
Sometimes I just eat magnets... 🤔
@chadbailey3623
@chadbailey3623 3 ай бұрын
I’ve been waiting for you to discuss this study!!!
@mrlugh
@mrlugh 3 ай бұрын
you're already the best science commentator/educator. Adding the quiz on the end just adds a great way to interact with your videos.
@philcowdall9399
@philcowdall9399 3 ай бұрын
no she really isn't. I'll point you to Feyman, to Sidney Coleman, to Hawking, to Lenny Susskind, to Brian Greene, to Sean Carroll, and there are many many others. What do you mean by 'already' anyway? already since the dawn of time? or maybe already since 9am this morning? Even Rovelli is a better communicator than her and he speaks appalling English and is a total loon spouting wishy washy nebulous shite and claiming legitimacy for LQG. Dear oh dear.
@carlbrenninkmeijer8925
@carlbrenninkmeijer8925 3 ай бұрын
Thank you, so smart an experiment it is awesome how scientists progress. I find it great. The experiment of the Cavendish Balance is so awesome, "almost anyone" on Earth can him or herself determine the gravitational constant in the garage. And now we have these extremely refined experiments!
@Circenn
@Circenn 3 ай бұрын
BlueMarbleScience did exactly that and anyone can watch the recording of when he did it live.
@mr.e7541
@mr.e7541 3 ай бұрын
This could be beyond my understanding but wouldn't the weight of gravity be the weight of the object itself. And wouldn't that depend on what that object is.
@carlbrenninkmeijer8925
@carlbrenninkmeijer8925 3 ай бұрын
@@mr.e7541 I was impressed myself to measure the attraction between a ball of lead and a small ball of brass.. I knew that the Earth attracts every object, but to see it myself that two small objects attract one snd another was awesome the experiment had to be repeated because ship on a nearby canal in Amsterdam ruined some tries...
@mr.e7541
@mr.e7541 3 ай бұрын
@carlbrenninkmeijer8925 interesting I'll have to look more into it. I don't quite understand it at this point.
@FirestormX9
@FirestormX9 3 ай бұрын
​@@mr.e7541I feel the same! But very intrigued by it.
@user-uj9cc5ch5p
@user-uj9cc5ch5p 3 ай бұрын
Sabine you are too smart for your own good and kinda cute. The only thing I know about gravity is I am touched by the ground. Mr. X
@colinhiggs70
@colinhiggs70 3 ай бұрын
I'm excited to hear that there are experiments going on to try and test quantum gravity. I hadn't known that. I think I'll see if I can find out more. Thank you for covering this.
@Syphirioth
@Syphirioth 3 ай бұрын
Yes me to. Because I am almost certain they find it. it will prove my own theory and thoughts to.
@philiphumphrey1548
@philiphumphrey1548 3 ай бұрын
Cambridge is statistically one of the driest places in Britain. Try Wales or the Lake district.
@stephenmorton9789
@stephenmorton9789 3 ай бұрын
It is very wet here at the moment
@OgamiItto70
@OgamiItto70 3 ай бұрын
"...One of the driest places in Britain." Oh, dear. Damned by faint praise.
@ejpoleii
@ejpoleii 3 ай бұрын
There is a difference between how MUCH it rains and how LONG it rains. If you've ever visited Florida, you would get it.
@aghosh5447
@aghosh5447 3 ай бұрын
​@@ejpoleiican attest to that from Bengal, Eastern India.
@philcowdall9399
@philcowdall9399 3 ай бұрын
Very well said. Some simple statistics would show that but Hossenfelder thinks she knows better in her arrogance. God she's so full of shit.
@FredPlanatia
@FredPlanatia 3 ай бұрын
This was a great episode. Lots of wonderful Sabineque dry humor to spice up the physics. Also, your particular interest in this topic really came across, the ideas were made understandable, and, the graphics very nicely fit the discussion. Compliments all around! Oh, and now a science question: at 6:20 you show their data as some amplitude of vibrations at different frequencies (or so i understand), but I fail to see how they distinguish the signal from the noise, at least if the signal is supposed to be at the position of vertical yellow dotted line. There are plenty of other spikes of similar amplitude at other positions in the plot. And an experiment idea: couldn't the search for quantum gravity be applied to those crystals representing the largest 'schrödinger cat' ever measured in a quantum superposition?
@maxheadroom2743
@maxheadroom2743 3 ай бұрын
google for lock in amplifier
@cbody70
@cbody70 3 ай бұрын
A very informative video. Thank you.
@vonwux
@vonwux 3 ай бұрын
I'm pretty sure it snowed in Cambridge once, too. It's nice to have a bit of variety
@affugter
@affugter 3 ай бұрын
Phhf That is just solidified rain. 😆
@arthurzettel6618
@arthurzettel6618 3 ай бұрын
(Measurement of Quantum Gravity) 1.) Does Quantum gravity have density? 2.) Does Quantum gravity have a frequency? 3.) Can Quantum gravity be manipulated? 4.) Can Quantum gravity be artificially modified and amplified? 5.) Since Quantum Gravity can be measured, is it plausible for Quantum gravity to have a partical weight? I'm just curious.
@sumsar01
@sumsar01 3 ай бұрын
1) If GQ is a QFT it would have a particle density, number of gravitons in an area. 2) Yes a graviton would have a frequency. 3) Likely not by energies accessible to humans. 4) Same as above. 5) The graviton would likely be massless since it would not couple to the higgs field, as far as we know.
@cgcoins3639
@cgcoins3639 3 ай бұрын
Excellent information 📚
@frankmccann29
@frankmccann29 3 ай бұрын
We may have units soon ❤😊. It may be the right and left hand rule with dimensions thrown in? Brilliant experiments. Congratulations. Thanks, Dr. Sabine.
@markharwood7573
@markharwood7573 3 ай бұрын
Outstanding content and presentation. Thank you.
@Susanrogers-pt9mf6hx1w
@Susanrogers-pt9mf6hx1w 3 ай бұрын
Thank you Sabine
@eonasjohn
@eonasjohn 3 ай бұрын
Thank you for the video.
@jonathanblekkenhorst3770
@jonathanblekkenhorst3770 3 ай бұрын
Thank you for your content and your contribution to the dissemination of physics knowledge
@bugsh9188
@bugsh9188 3 ай бұрын
Love your channel ❤️
@Mike-yt4jq
@Mike-yt4jq 3 ай бұрын
I'd like to express how amazed I am, but there are no words. Thank you for this 🙏🤓✨
@markosluga5797
@markosluga5797 3 ай бұрын
3:03 What I found interesting is the collection of magnets from at least the UK, France, Spain, Croatia, Canada, Australia, Cuba and maybe Portugal and perhaps even Egipt...
@DanishValkyrie
@DanishValkyrie 3 ай бұрын
love the editing
@thomasherndon-io2gl
@thomasherndon-io2gl 3 ай бұрын
Applause and compliments! Thank you.
@tomchitling
@tomchitling 3 ай бұрын
That's the paradox. Cambridgeshire is the driest County in the UK, but it always rains.
@jimmyzhao2673
@jimmyzhao2673 3 ай бұрын
strange,... but true ?
@galangal4803
@galangal4803 3 ай бұрын
Always interesting.
@emergentform1188
@emergentform1188 3 ай бұрын
Love it, hooray Sabine!
@user-if1ly5sn5f
@user-if1ly5sn5f 3 ай бұрын
4:25 yeah but that’s also why it’s so fast to integrate the quantum into the differences of earth and celestial bodies and such. It’s like the accumulation builds up connections and the differences are connected but aren’t aligned enough to see accurately
@philcowdall9399
@philcowdall9399 3 ай бұрын
utter word salad!
@user-if1ly5sn5f
@user-if1ly5sn5f 3 ай бұрын
@@philcowdall9399 Reality implies the unreal but the flow makes all real and unreal so it’s not useful in my understanding and can actually hinder you. So everything is not current but we can bring the difference into our current. I mean current as the flow of integrated differences that is the universe. Think of how Nikolai Tesla said to think in 3 6 9, a binary view is leaving out the middle. Now you see the integration and what wave collapse is. It’s when the eye gets hit but the differences of light and since its differences are crashed into like a wave the nervous system feels the wave through its integrated dif and goes to alter the neuron but it’s still a neuron and connected to the others and can share the difference with the senses. It’s pretty cool to think about and to watch what happens. It’s like pulling on a thread and seeing the web and then seeing what’s between and what’s between us seen as unreal but it’s just not current. So the reason it’s so fast is because of its self and its relations. Superposition is the same as how the neuron is altered and connected and disconnected by difference but still entangled and sharing through each other and revealing stuff
@AdastraRecordings
@AdastraRecordings 3 ай бұрын
Thanks as always Sabine, you are absolutely awesome.
@mm-yt8sf
@mm-yt8sf 3 ай бұрын
but if we measure anything won't that get rid of the "it's here AND there" property? are we hoping to find different results from many measurements even though we'd normally expect the same results given the same setup?
@SabineHossenfelder
@SabineHossenfelder 3 ай бұрын
Ultimately, yes, it will get rid of that property, but that doesn't mean you can't measure that it must have been there previously. Think about the double slit. Yes, we measure a dot on the screen and that gets rid of the "here and there", but we can still infer that it must have been in two places at once previously.
@slkjvlkfsvnlsdfhgdght5447
@slkjvlkfsvnlsdfhgdght5447 3 ай бұрын
i don't think it automatically would: the reason it always happens is because the measuring methods themselves always distrib the system in skme way, butbif you can find a truly passive way to make measurements, then that shouldn't be a problem
@bubblebuster9023
@bubblebuster9023 3 ай бұрын
@@slkjvlkfsvnlsdfhgdght5447 the term measurement itself disallows it from being passive also this "passive measurement" is literally just infering that the result you measured must have come from quantum effects that one can't observe but that must have happened, otherwise the result does not make sense you can't make solutions up that are not grounded in reality. There is no evidence for any measurement that doesn't collapse a wave function.
@barrypickford1443
@barrypickford1443 3 ай бұрын
Even if it’s a wave spread out into infinity there will be a first point of contact with the detector right? How sensitive is the detector sensor? Our measurement will always give a point locality in that sense surely?
@nahkaimurrao4966
@nahkaimurrao4966 3 ай бұрын
Perhaps it is not particles that have multiple positions but it is space itself that has multiple positions and measuring a particle brings space into focus so to speak.
@vkgamingplatform7247
@vkgamingplatform7247 3 ай бұрын
This topic is very interesting i will be following it
@raktoda707
@raktoda707 3 ай бұрын
Thank you
@blijebij
@blijebij 3 ай бұрын
The experiment is an interesting step forward, providing valuable hands-on experience in the quantum gravity area for labs.
@triplec8375
@triplec8375 3 ай бұрын
Another fascinating video! Thank you, Sabine! At 4:43, the statement is that "...normally quantum properties go away the larger the object". Do the quantum properties really go away or do they just become so overly complex that they are immeasurable rather than disappearing? If space is discrete (quantized), wouldn't the probability of a particle's presence drop off in discrete increments from the point of highest probability such that it's probability of presence eventually falls off a quantum "cliff" and becomes zero? It seems like the probability of the macro object being in a certain point in space is an aggregate of all the particles' limited probable locations. So the "location" of the macro object can still be a bit fuzzy. but so immeasurably, quantum-wise, small that we cannot observe or measure it.
@Hyposonic
@Hyposonic 3 ай бұрын
I'm sure Sabine realizes better than most how long it will take to validate these results, even if they are replicated. It could takes years to ensure the measurements are not influenced by other effects, much like the "impossible drive" recently tested in space.
@jimmyzhao2673
@jimmyzhao2673 3 ай бұрын
What an exciting topic.
@cougar2013
@cougar2013 3 ай бұрын
Love the Cambridge joke 😂😂 it was a laugh out loud moment for me
@paulbertrand8935
@paulbertrand8935 3 ай бұрын
Sabine, I would love to hear your thoughts on wolfram physics - it seems like it might solve intractable problems like this. Also I need it explained by someone smart enough to understand it 😅
@davidjohnston4240
@davidjohnston4240 3 ай бұрын
I lived in Cambridge for a decade. It did indeed rain.
@nigeltaylor72
@nigeltaylor72 3 ай бұрын
I absolutely love your content. Great videos, fantastic clear explanations of very complex ideas. As a video producer and editor myself, however, there's just one thing that I cannot help but notice. Your editor needs to work on your key. The fringing effect on your hair can be reduced with a combination of tricks. I can see they've used edge softening. Perhaps a bit more crop and some secondary colour correction could also help by isolating the spill colour and desaturating it. And interesting for you, perhaps, one technique for compositing it is actually based on the quantum behaviour of light. We know light spreads and bends around objects. Some compositing software allows you to spread and blur the light from your added-in background a little bit in front of the keyed subject. This makes things look even more natural. Well enough of the unsolicited compositing advice. Great content. Most people won't even notice what the hell I'm talking about.
@CallMeMrjoe
@CallMeMrjoe 3 ай бұрын
Unsolicited, yes. Interesting points... YES! Good stuff actually. Ty
@nigeltaylor72
@nigeltaylor72 3 ай бұрын
Well someone up there is listening. Since originally making this comment the keying has improved loads. Still excellent content, now with excellent chroma-keying.
@CallMeMrjoe
@CallMeMrjoe 3 ай бұрын
As an enthusiast editor. I get it. But I would image that is probably the least if the editors issues... Sabine is PROLIFIC!!!! How the heck do you keep pace with her videos? To be honest her hair is SO iconic, Einstein would be blushing. It's endearing. And come on she's a cutie! It adds to her pizzazz! Lol
@MCsCreations
@MCsCreations 3 ай бұрын
Fascinating stuff indeed, Sabine! 😃 But if I had to bet - and I'm not a betting person - I'd say that both theories would need some adjustment. But... We shall see. 😊 Anyway, stay safe there with your family! 🖖😊
@michalkulinski377
@michalkulinski377 3 ай бұрын
Sabine, your great scientific movies are attracting me to watch. What a great force!
@shantanusapru
@shantanusapru 3 ай бұрын
Fascinating!!!
@adriang6424
@adriang6424 3 ай бұрын
Stupid question... does all mass have the same gravity regardless of atomic composition? e.g. For example for the same mass of say H2 or tritium , would the gravitational force the same?
@Canna_Science_and_Technology
@Canna_Science_and_Technology 3 ай бұрын
gravity is a property of mass itself, regardless of the form that mass takes.
@alieninmybeverage
@alieninmybeverage 3 ай бұрын
Something something Higgs field An expert by no means, I think it is safe to say that arrangements matter when speaking of gravity as spacetime curvature because "arrangement" is already a spatial property. When it comes to "net-gravity" as if it is a force that warps spacetime by some cumulative measure, then we are well outside of my knowledge. It might even require quantized gravity such that there could be a "sum." Perhaps indirectly relevant is the three-body problem of physics (not the book or series) in which there is no closed-form solution (classic formula) for the time evolution of 3 gravitational bodies.
@boberKurwa23
@boberKurwa23 3 ай бұрын
not a stupid question at all
@kw1ksh0t
@kw1ksh0t 3 ай бұрын
Yes, it makes no difference the form it takes. Actually since the mass is equivalent to energy, we should really talk about forms of energy. And therefore it's actually the same between all forms of energy. That is, an amount of energy in the form of the mass of particles has the same effect on the curvature of spacetime as the potential energy stored in a spring.
@richdobbs6595
@richdobbs6595 3 ай бұрын
If you found something that had different "gravity" despite having the same "mass", you would have discovered a new force that was no longer gravity. The essence of gravity is that it treats all "masses" the same. That said, I wonder if gravity is like pressure, an emergent property that only makes sense when you have a macroscopic system.
@nunomaroco583
@nunomaroco583 3 ай бұрын
Great experiments brilliant.....
@lemdixon01
@lemdixon01 3 ай бұрын
And Cambridgeshire or East Anglia is the warmest and dryest part of the UK because it juts out and is flat so can be a bit windy. It can be warm and sunny there in the summer but it still can rain in the summer.
@jehl1963
@jehl1963 3 ай бұрын
Sabine; as time goes on your explanations are getting better and easier to understand. (Hat's off to you). As a layman, I don't understand the fixation on quantizing gravity. It seems like matter (and it's alternative form -- energy) are quantum. But Einstein described gravity as being a curvature of space. That is very different from mass and energy. Yes, mass can curve space, but that is different than saying that mass can be converted into gravity or vice versa. To put it differently, mass is a noun, and energy is a verb. But gravity is actually more of an adjective to use a linguistec analogy. It would seem to me that gravity needs it's own set of descriptors rather than trying to shoe-horn it into the system that apllies to matter/energy.
@dougirvin2413
@dougirvin2413 3 ай бұрын
WOW Sabine! This is the must succinct explanation of the problem with quantum gravity ever! Many thanks! What I'm confused about is why there isn't (or is there, I'm confused!) a minimum gravitional pull rather like a Planck length, below which there simply is no gravitional measurement possible? Any clarification would be appreciated, thanks.
@Techmagus76
@Techmagus76 3 ай бұрын
Thanks Sabine, I read the news about this experiment a few days ago and the same question arose, they do something with quantum and they do something with gravity, but where is we measure quantum gravity part. My conclusion was that probably i missed something, now i know it was either not only me or the press releases just made something up and then one copies from the other ( i should have known better as i have seen this pattern so many times before).
@Wild_Pernaja
@Wild_Pernaja 3 ай бұрын
I was so hopeful in the beginning!!!!
@remnant342
@remnant342 3 ай бұрын
sorry to hear you were in cambridge, i hope youre feeling better now
@qweschuning
@qweschuning 3 ай бұрын
I love the way you consistently pronounce Einsteins name properly german-like (ein-schtein) 😭💯🔥
@scastle3241
@scastle3241 3 ай бұрын
Sabine, you make me glad that I have eye atoms so I can watch you videos❤
@ioanbota9397
@ioanbota9397 3 ай бұрын
Realy I like this video so so much its interestyng
@Who-vf9pt
@Who-vf9pt 3 ай бұрын
Sabine, are you familiar with the J. D. Bekenstein's variant of experiment of exposing the quantum gravity? What do you think of it? (I think it is quite similar to ones mentioned in your videos)
@stevenschilizzi4104
@stevenschilizzi4104 9 күн бұрын
I have a question about something I don’t understand. Why do we keep hearing that superposition of an object means it is in two (in fact an infinite number of) places at once? It « is » actually nowhere, right? The superposition refers to the wave function of the object whose best interpretation is in terms of (square roots of) probability. It only acquires a position in space if and when it is measured (= interacted with, messed with) and at that moment it is in one place only. So where’s the problem? Am I missing something important? If so, could you please clarify it? Huge thanks again for your summaries.
@ClintonSelf-vd4fc
@ClintonSelf-vd4fc 3 ай бұрын
I've both laughed and cried watching your shows. I don't know why. But I'm thankful for you and what you do. Very grateful!
@qwertasd7
@qwertasd7 3 ай бұрын
to cancel out vibration you can repeat, or you can do the same setup elesewhere *and repeat (the way ligo did it)
@Knowledge_Seeker64
@Knowledge_Seeker64 3 ай бұрын
I’ve heard physicists talk about classical relativistic gravity not working with quantum theory, but I’ve never heard anyone talk about what goes wrong when you put particles with superposition in relativistic spacetime. What happens when you assume that each location of a particle curves spacetime, and then add up the effects of sextillions of particles interacting in that spacetime? How much does this framework deviate from the well-established predictions of General Relativity on these well-observed scales? Could you please make a video on that?
@user-do6dl5gh1z
@user-do6dl5gh1z 3 ай бұрын
If particle can exist in 2 places, ehat happens to its total energy? Does it double for a short time or it splits 50:50 or both versions share the same energy?
@maxheadroom2743
@maxheadroom2743 3 ай бұрын
No it is still one particle, albeit a fuzzy one. The question is how gravity works when the particle is delocalized in this way. Nobody knows. There are countless theories but experiments are needed to put bounds on the matter. I think 20 orders of magnitude of additional precision would be needed to get somewhat closer to an answer.
@sr.basilisc5906
@sr.basilisc5906 3 ай бұрын
Hi @SabineHossenfelder ! About the course in Brilliant is it only introductory to Quantum Physics? One of the things I struggle with is finding courses that go more in-deep the mathematical formulation of its topic in this type of platforms. If it is not the case, what would you recommend to do without having to do a Physics bachelor's/master?
@pilliozoltan6918
@pilliozoltan6918 3 ай бұрын
I would like to hear your opinion about Wolfram's physics. I hope I haven't missed that.
@AntonioGallo73
@AntonioGallo73 3 ай бұрын
1:05 "rain" hahahaha i love you
@luizbotelho1908
@luizbotelho1908 3 ай бұрын
In a Field theory of Schrodinger equation (The ultimatum correct quantum mechanical object TO BE CONSIDERED !) , It is the field of probability density of the Wave function second quantized (which extends all over the space) which couples with the gravitational field , not its field excitations (the particles which you are referring for) . This is brilliantly confirmed in State Solid Theory ( everything is very much like the interaction of the second quantized Schrodinger theory with the Lattice of Phonons -crystal second quantized vibrations ) see the excellent advanced text book : H Haken Quantum Field Theory of Solids
@Syphirioth
@Syphirioth 3 ай бұрын
Why did I miss this video. It's a realy good one!! All in line with my own visualizations and thoughts. I love it! I am almost certain they gonna find it. Because this would be very logical. It would explain alot of theories. And for sure means that you don't need all hocus pocus in space. It would mean that space is the actual container and that space itself gives way for all these forces to happen. Even when empty space itself cannot be measured. I am realy positive about this. Because in my opinion gravity is the force creating all the other forces. Creating the web that is needed to guide the forces. Like a true weaver ^^
@jaredmuirhead7615
@jaredmuirhead7615 3 ай бұрын
I’ve heard you and others say the problem is that GR can’t accommodate a particle being in a superposition. Mathematically speaking, is this because the equations of GR are nonlinear? Clearly the (linear) equations of QM and QFT accommodate a particle being in more than one place simultaneously.
@kw1ksh0t
@kw1ksh0t 3 ай бұрын
The problem is simply that we don't have a quantum theory of gravity. Our usual method of renormalisation (redefining mass and charge in order to explain different energy ranges) that we did for particle physics doesn't work for gravity. There are methods to naively "quantum-ify" gravity though, for example, making the stress-energy tensor that appears in Einstein's equations the expectation value of the state.
@SabineHossenfelder
@SabineHossenfelder 3 ай бұрын
No, mathematically that's not the problem because you can get non-linear behaviour from the self-coupling of quantum particles (you just don't get it in the Schroedinger-eq). The issue is loosely speaking that in GR you have nothing like the uncertainty principle or, if you want to make it more technical, nothing like the non-commutativity of observables. In GR, all observables commute. In QM, they don't. It's just not mathematically the same, and yet somehow it has to work.
@Apocalymon
@Apocalymon 3 ай бұрын
​@@SabineHossenfelder I don't know why physicists aren't using Cayley-Dickson Constructions to marry the mathematics of GR with QM & The Standard Model.
@yasminegannam1989
@yasminegannam1989 3 ай бұрын
@@SabineHossenfelder But why it has to work? A quantum computer can do endless calculations and execute algorithms without the commute or being forced to interact with the environment and cause random noise that will eventually affect its state, aka qubit state. The mind, as a blank slate apparatus embedded in the fabric of Spacetime of an infinite cosmos interpret that perfect resolution of repeated observations/measurements are unattainable in principle. Because the changes are too small to detect or see, which indicates there are no changes at all!! It’s like you are not even measuring anything from the start! 😅 However, you’re still observing ‘a change’!! This transforms into a non-real or non-existent realm of reality. It is a single wave function (of probabilities) for the entire universe. Source of gravity (momentum, mass, energy) are all finite and created from nothing. The path taken in physical space is being deflected by gravity. Gravity doesn’t know anything about quantum properties. It is separate. Just like how the conscious subjective mind is separate and irreducible, cannot be reduced to the physical brain. Therefore, the problem lies at the heart of quantum theory. The solution is try to understand GR in a totally new perspective and look for additional degrees of freedom within the same framework. So, reframe the idea of gravity and revolutionize quantum physics. There has to be an underlying comprehensive solution to solve the deepest mysteries in physics. Since our mind is a thinking computational apparatus, we could visualize an altered state of mind or consciousness of altered realities where you ‘you don’t even need to think to begin with’ or quantize!!! There could be an element of reality that we humans are completely missing, it is beyond locality, determinism, computational irreducibility and the conventional rules of QM. I could be mistaken but at the very least this is how my brain understands quantum physics. 😅
@nvmel3ss
@nvmel3ss 3 ай бұрын
This is the longest reply and it says absolutely nothing helpful. Everyone that reads this is now more confused than they were before this comment. May God have mercy on your soul 😂 jk​@yasminegannam1989
@jurajvariny6034
@jurajvariny6034 3 ай бұрын
Interesting! Perhaps they could find something by measuring the induced current weakly. Got no idea if weak quantum measurement of current is possible tho.
@topquark22
@topquark22 3 ай бұрын
Love your videos, Sabine. Just lay off the schnapps before pressing the record button (yes we can tell.) It's all good though.
@thethinredline4714
@thethinredline4714 3 ай бұрын
troll?
@tubbydammer
@tubbydammer 3 ай бұрын
Clearly explained
@jaimeduncan6167
@jaimeduncan6167 3 ай бұрын
One clarification, it's not *just* that we can't measure the tinny gravitational forces, the problem is that we are trying to do it "ceteris paribus" (we need to repeat the experiment). The uncertainties on the other forces are orders of magnitudes greater than the gravitational effects for particles. One interesting bulk park calculation will be to use coulomb law to calculate the forces between two protons at say, 1 micrometer, and compare with the expected Newthonian gravitational force. We will find that an uncertainty of 1 part for billion in our effort to equilibrate the electromagnetic forces will render any gravitational effect moot in terms of the trajectory or behavior of the particles. That is why the "Antimatter falls up or down" was such a complex problem.
@lemurpotatoes7988
@lemurpotatoes7988 3 ай бұрын
In case you don't know, ceteris paribus means all things being equal and doesn't refer to repetition.
@CallMeMrjoe
@CallMeMrjoe 3 ай бұрын
Being no scientist myself, this is only my opinion. What you said at first was that there were too many greater forces greater messing up the testing. Then you went on to say weigh it in aggregate. To me there's a contradiction there. How can you control for specific variables if you are testing in aggregate. That IS where you would run into contamination as it would be impossible to test for exactly what you want. That's why these tests are so hard. To be able to have a device so fine it could isolate and measure atomic gravity is still science fiction... for now. We WILL get there but this is not like simply scaling down a kitchen scale. The forces at that scale are still quantum and those quanta must be accounted for.
@philcowdall9399
@philcowdall9399 3 ай бұрын
in case you don't know, it's 'ball park', not 'bulk park'
@Syphirioth
@Syphirioth 3 ай бұрын
Can we simulate true empty space? I guess we need that to measure any newtonian force greater than nothing with a good baseline to start from. If we can't do that than we end up with occupied space and things that might interfere with the newtonian force. Cause clearly electromagnetism etc can screw with it. Did you spot the paradox?
@markoj3512
@markoj3512 3 ай бұрын
Ms. Hossenfelder you are a great storyteller :)
@makeitreality457
@makeitreality457 3 ай бұрын
This is way better than your warped space videos. Taking a look at how quantum gravity might actually work. Or something that might reconcile the great divide between relativity and quantum physics. Intuitively, we know space isn't here nor there unless it has particles or something in it to define it. So the "what is space" joke describing it as something that prevents everything from happening at Cambridge is also timeless. See, I knew you knew about this stuff, and are willing to explore what we don't know. That's where innovation is. Thanks for tracking down this research. That's what makes this format of delivery exciting.
@RaggedGothic
@RaggedGothic 3 ай бұрын
For me, the most insightful part of the video happens between 4:30 and 4:45, where Sabine says, “If you take something heavy, like a planet, then you can measure the gravitational field, alright, but you can’t measure its quantum properties. That’s because normally quantum properties go away the larger the object. *Unless you treat them very very carefully.”* ∴ I draw the conclusion: _we must treat the planet very carefully._ 🌎 Scientific enough proof for me. 👍🙂
@eugen-m
@eugen-m 3 ай бұрын
No phone today ?? 😀😀 hi Sabine, I have a perhaps naive question. we all know that the universe is in accelerated expansion. we had to invent matter and dark energy to explain its properties. the question is, what would change if at this moment the universe was in accelerated contraction? how would matter and dark energy differ?
@xuzeh
@xuzeh 3 ай бұрын
Fourier series and Laplace transform!!! Like you, Sabine, I also have the sets of traits that humanity decided to name ‘autism spectrum’. My logical skill is above average, I’m not a savant; however, since before I could read I ‘knew’ about Fourier Series (impossible to explain in words). In my peculiar mind I can ‘see’ and predict how oscillating potentials in different proportions give ‘birth’ to physicality (I won’t mention metaphysicallity due to its inherent subjective and non empirical nature). After I truly studied this beautiful language in engineering college and got to know Laplace Transform, it made even more sense; I even wrote about how gravity itself is this infinite sum of tiny ‘forces’ (realized potentials) that are everywhere and everywhen; I also played a bit with this and the gorgeous Maxwell Equations, but my Calculus IV teacher did not enjoy my ‘disruptive’ ideas very much. Oh well. In terms of our zeitgeist, I am given the label of ‘non functional’ due to my incapacity to conform to unrealistic things such as ‘jobs’ and ‘schedules’. Thus, it is most heartwarming to hear about the existence of functional humans who can share and elaborate on the astounding beauty of ‘realized potential sums’ aka gravitation 😊😊😊
@Anonymous-df8it
@Anonymous-df8it 3 ай бұрын
You're given the label of ‘nonfunctional' because you're a crank
@AlejandroGomezAuad
@AlejandroGomezAuad 3 ай бұрын
¡Gracias!
@calvingrondahl1011
@calvingrondahl1011 3 ай бұрын
Honesty + humor = Albert + Sabine ❤️🖖
@rascal1234
@rascal1234 3 ай бұрын
Isn't the curvature of space-time only applies to 2 dimensional geometries? If anything, space "curvature" in 3 diemensions is compression. I know it is a way to easilly conceptualize, but it seams wrong.
@SabineHossenfelder
@SabineHossenfelder 3 ай бұрын
Curvature can be defined in any dimension. It's difficult to visualize. The easiest might be to think of it as curvature on 2-dimensional slices of the higher dimensional space. Strictly speaking it's not just "curvature" but a "curvature tensor" which entries for all combinations of directions. Difficult thing to work with...
@rhodrijames7962
@rhodrijames7962 3 ай бұрын
Hey, sometimes we don't have rain in Cambridge. Usually when we're having snow instead, but...
@andym4695
@andym4695 3 ай бұрын
If these different approaches yield the same results, bonus!
@ominollo
@ominollo 3 ай бұрын
Another expect you should have mentioned is stability: how long will the information remain readable?
@MrKelaher
@MrKelaher 3 ай бұрын
So what classical GR tells us is that graviton "emission", or alternately a propagating change in the curative of space/time, must collapse the wave equations in all other fields and "localise" them ?
@Dissimulate
@Dissimulate 3 ай бұрын
Curvature is just when there is more or less space within a local volume, relative to the amount of space elsewhere. Black holes have less empty space because the fabric of space is occupied by matter.
@mattbland2380
@mattbland2380 3 ай бұрын
Is it the particles that are in two places at the same time, or is it just that the space is in two places at the same time and the particle moves with the space? Our conception of space as something that mostly stays put, stretches due to the expansion of the universe (dark energy), and is warped by mass due to gravity, is likely incomplete. Do particles move through space, or do they move with space, or sometimes through/across space dragging it as they go? Food for thought.
@paulfrindle7144
@paulfrindle7144 3 ай бұрын
With the suspended magnet in a superconductor field, how can they be sure that its movement is not due to the magnetic effect of the circulating weight, whether it's direct or via eddy currents, rather than gravitational attraction? Even if the weight itself is made from a completely non-magnetic and non conductive substance (i.e. plastic?), some other part of the apparatus may be conductive? I know this sounds like a silly question, but I do wonder?
@Arthur-zz5cu
@Arthur-zz5cu 3 ай бұрын
Simplification. Maxwell united the electric and magnetic to create electro magnetism. What have we done since then? Added ad hoc forces, such as the weak and the strong. Is it not clear that this is not progress? As mentioned, the SAM model eliminated the need for the strong force. Perhaps we can discuss the weak?
@CallMeMrjoe
@CallMeMrjoe 3 ай бұрын
As a complete layman to the math, but a life long reader of anything digestible I find my understanding strangely correct. To me why wouldn't particles that have mass NOT have gravitational forces? Be they the same as larger scales? Probably not. Do they propagate waves? Or is it a constant. What is the gravitational field effect at such small scales. There are probably WAY more mysteries there then in colliding particles together. Just a laymans opinion. Sabine... you are my HERO man! 😂 P.S. the sophisticated humor is THE BEST IN THE INTERNET!!!!
@HIIIBEAR
@HIIIBEAR 3 ай бұрын
AMAZING
@curtishorn1267
@curtishorn1267 3 ай бұрын
At 7:22 your basically describing Ray Chiao's work.
@axle.student
@axle.student 3 ай бұрын
2:33 This is the weird concept I keep dribbling about. We keep thinking about time as something tangible like 3D matter/spac, but when we look at time as time with it's own set of weird dimensional coordinates I feel that it is possible for the 2 particles to exist in 2 separate places in the space (empty expanse) but exist at the "same time coordinate". In some similar sense this would be like the inverse to a particle being in 2 separate coordinates of time, but exist at the same coordinate in space. In some sense the 2 particles are just a + - of the same single particle but appear as if 2. They are connected by being in the same coordinate of time, so their is no actual time/distance separation just as there is no physical separation of a particle in time dilation where we have 2 coordinates of time. P.S. My dribble above describes information crossing infinite distance between entangled particles in zero time because there is no time coordinate separation between them/it. > Yes I know it's philosophy/metaphysics but I think time gets too little attention in the space-time relationship.. Time is like the dark side that know one admits to or talks about lol
@absalomdraconis
@absalomdraconis 3 ай бұрын
At this point, I've concluded that the only reason particles are ever (an overstatement) in multiple places at a time is because particles have non-zero size, and thus occupy multiple Plank volumes. As for the "normal" multiple-places-at-once quantum stuff... to be frank, it seems like it's time to stop treating particles as nouns (objects), and start treating them as verbs (actions). It seems clear at this point that what we call particles are actually discharges (metaphorically akin to lightning bolts) of uncertainty "charge" (to use another metaphor, in the kinetic/potential energy context particles are "kinetic uncertainty").
@janklaas6885
@janklaas6885 3 ай бұрын
📍4:23
@BillBSET
@BillBSET 3 ай бұрын
I like the one with the magnet ...just as a starting point but cool idea
@aniksamiurrahman6365
@aniksamiurrahman6365 3 ай бұрын
It's an example from highschool textbook. At least my highschool text book had it.
@BillBSET
@BillBSET 3 ай бұрын
@miurrahman6365 explain your associated lab experiment please. I was maybe a bit older, 1974 I was on an Aircraft carrier in a helicopter squadron before college and the U
@BillBSET
@BillBSET 3 ай бұрын
@@aniksamiurrahman6365please explain your lab experiment.
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