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Many people have asked the question why there are two verses in the Qur'an (Surah 2:106 and 16:101), which clearly speak about abrogation (i.e. later verses abrogate or eradicate earlier verses)?
Our good friend and Arabic scholar from the Middle East, Saint Murad, explains that this word 'Abrogate' is not the correct translation for the Arabic word 'Nasakha'.
So, he comes to join us at Pfanderfilms to help us understand exactly what these two verses really say, and why the word Abrogate have been used instead.
The word 'Nasakha' is always translated 'abrogate' in most of our modern English translations in these two verses (as well as in 7:154 and 45:29); yet it should be translated as 'writing', or 'inscription'.
The true word for 'abrogate' in Arabic is 'fasakha', which is not found in any of these verses.
The word 'aya' in Surah 2:106 is always translated 'verse', when it should be translated 'sign'.
Thus, when Surah 2:106 is translated correctly it should say: "We do not inscribe ('nasakha') a sign ('Aya') or cause it to be forgotten..."
This means that Allah gives a sign to his servant, and does not mean that he causes a verse to be abrogated, or changed.
So, why did the Muslims use the words 'abrogation' and 'verses' in these references, when they should have used 'inscribe' and 'signs'?
The reason, Murad contends, is due to three main problems which the Abbasids had with the Qur'an given them by the Umayyads:
1) The first had to do with two problematic verses; namely Surah 22:52 which admits that Satan "threw" into the Qur'an his own verses, and Surah 53:19-20 (the 'Satanic Verses'), which suggests that Satan tricked Muhammad into adding these two verses on the 3 goddesses. The Abbasids needed a "get-out" so they added these two verses on "abrogation" so that Allah could have them abrogated or eliminated by later verses which contradicted them.
2) Another problem concerned the later Standard Islamic Narrative (SIN) which includes the Hadith and the Tafsir, both of which had many ideas and beliefs that contradicted the earlier and more authoritative Qur'an. These verses on abrogation helped the Abbasids give authority to their later Traditions by suggesting that Allah could use 'Progressive Revelation' to give authority to these later 'revelations', and thus eradicating any problematic contradictions.
3) Another problematic verse is Surah 24:2 which in today's Qur'ans imposes only 100 lashes for those who commit adultery, yet earlier traditions say the punishment used to be 'stoning the adulterers'. These two verses on abrogation intimated that the later 'lashes' is the better meaning for this verse.
So, when Muslims find problems with any verses in the Qur'an they can now simply say that those verses have been 'abrogated' by later verses, or by later Traditions, because the law of abrogation is in the Qur'an itself, in verses 2:106 and 16:101.
Yet, they can only do that if their audience doesn't know Arabic that well. Unfortunately for them, and fortunately for us, Murad knows it very well, and that is why he is now going through the whole of the Qur'an and re-translating the Arabic into proper English, they way the Arabic actually has it written.
So, 'hold this space'...
© Pfander Centre for Apologetics - US, 2022
(63,850) Music: "Del Rio Bravo" by Kevin Macleod, from filmmusic-io