If you can create a simulation so accurate down to last subatomic particle. Wouldn't they be recreation. An artificial parwell universe away for time travel

Climatologist said by 2018 the Maldives will be under water

Love you keeping science honest

The simulation theory is childish. The theory called 'Binary Physics and Buddhism' is better.

Sabine, next time you talk to Elon ask him if he'd be interested in owning an original copy of Das Marsprojekt personally inscribed by Werner von Braun to Wolfgang B. Klemperer. I'm still trying to get my uncle to scan the pages so I can send them to you, it's all in German and I'd love to hear your translation and thoughts about it. He found it at a flea market while he was at flight school in Pensacola back in the early 70s.

Thanks for the feedback!

Me, too.

Please don't If the sysadmin catches you it's rm /*.* for you 😮

@@SabineHossenfelder Same here! I love your work!

Yes, I'd love to hear more from you on the Assembly Theory paper. Also this paper seems to have sparked some controversy so it would be helpful to hear your take on that as well.

I heard in an interview that she doesn't teach

GET TO THE CHAUPPER .

@@matteogirelli1023I don't know if she teaches lowly undergrads 🙂, but there is a list of master's students on her website.

@@matteogirelli1023 She certainly teaches here.

@@RockBrentwood Hilarious correction. I'll leave my grammar embarrassment in place so that your comment continues to make sense.

law number 2 please do not feed nature

Law of natur number 1 - We don't talk about nature. But seriously.... Wouldn't number 1 be: You can't violate the laws of nature, even if you tried.

This rings true on so many levels

In theory, you can violate the laws of Nature. But in less than a picosecond Nature violates you. 😁

Also true if you mean Nature as in journal

She is not being skeptic, she is just demonstrating she doesn't understand philosophy of science.

I agree with you. Keeps us grounded

@@LNVACVAC What do you mean?

@@RuthvenMurgatroyd Science isn't meant to explain anything, but to describe and then viabilize transformative action. Most ontological problems will not be solved by science. Stabilishing a law in terms of describing a natural dynamic is completely different from demonstrating from where any dynamic emerges. Newton's Gravitation doesn't solve the problem "Where gravity comes from" apart from the fact gravity, matter and space are contiguous. In the same way biology defines life from it's conventional properties, not from where supposedly life comes from or emerged. On the first part of the video she criticizes them for not showing the math of it. However you can't show the math of anything without first delineating the primary fact and analysis to the field. Only then math can be applied to investigation. Math already demonstrates there are possible emergent properties in nature, but math itself doesn't delineate the specializations and conditions of these properties in nature, ie. Math is still only representational in factual matters. These articles address the fact there must be a reality to complexity and information beyond mathematical description, beyond physics, beyond work, and permeating the matter of agency/intent/meaning. They are fundational articles and in being so they are as philosophycal as they are supposed to be scientific.

Yes of course they do, just like the car understands it needs to turn whenever we turn the steering wheel. If the car was human-like, it would without doubt protest and go crashing on a wall.

I think the chatbot is a piece of what we are. There is also a part that does recognition. Like a tree or a cat (big or small). There is another part that does understanding. Maybe several other parts. When you hear people taking in word salad, the understanding part is not working. For example because the understanding part does NOT understand the subject. (Different than misunderstanding, if that part has an understanding of the subject, but it's wrong, it's still doing its job just fine. Garbage in garbage out and all). Word salad is the language part doing its job, making sentences that are related to the subject. But they don't convey an idea. Look at where the language centers of the brain are. The parts that causes strange linguistic aberrations when damaged. The executive functions are located in a different area. These are the "higher" brain functions. Where you would expect to find "understanding". There are different levels of understanding too. There's spacial awareness. My cat knows that. When I show him a video of a bird on a tablet, he figures out that the screen is like a window. He can't get to the bird through the window. But unlike the windows in the house he likes to sleep on,it looks like you can get around behind the tabley. So he tries to go around behind the tablet and get in to get the bird that way. But he doesn't have those executive functions in his brain like more advanced primates do. The executive functions stitch all those together and can abstract those concepts. They can even handle abstract concepts that don't connect to any real world situations. For example, abstract mathematical relationships and concepts. Parrots have language ability too. Some have even been known to string words together in original ways. If doing that gets them a treat, they will keep doing it. But it's no different than chat GPT. They DO have controlling functions in their brain. They have to because they can stitch together all the parts. But they don't seem to have the sort of functions that some primates do that are called "executive functions". It should be noted with animals though, it's possible we may find similar things in other more sophisticated animals with large developed brains, in different places than we do with primates, especially if it evolved in an independent lineage from primates. (If say, someone tomorrow found that whales and dolphins had executive functions, but they were tucked in the back somewhere, or something instead of in the part of the brain they are found in in primates, it would not be particularly shocking because the an extra we share with them are far older than the executive functions under discussion. ChatGPT is just a language processor. It needs executive functions that can direct it.

I wonder what we are really listning to as aposed to hearing

People get hung up on the realness of reality as if it changes their day to day lives. It won't, unless they have a cheat code or can turn on god-mode. Like the Agents said in The Matrix, "we have no choice but to continue as planned."

But wouldn’t being in a simulation infer a higher dimension running the simulation? And this imply a simulation creator?

@@yvesaugustin912 Yes, it would. But what would that change for us? In my opinion, for us it's completely irrelevant whether the universe is a simulation run by a machine, a creation run by a god or a system that's running by itself. We're in it and we can observe it from within but we don't have any agency in the larger scale of things.

It doesn't matter if we're in a simulation or not. In the past people imagined anthropromorphic gods. Now they're imagining anthropromorphic scientists or gamers. It's like going into other universes or getting information from them. By definition you can't, otherwise they'd be part of this universe.

​@yvesaugustin912 The simulation creator doesn't matter though. We would never have any evidence that they even know we exist, as there is a non zero chance the simulation would have nothing to do with us. It could simply be a universe simulation and life showing up was incidental.

@@O-es2zn If you can interrupt the beam at regular intervals though: you can intentionally moderate not the beam - but how much energy the beam actually transfers to the material. Shutters don't modulate the sun's radiation output - they moderate how much of it enters your house. By creating an interference pattern in the beam you could not only liquefy the base metal of the directed zone in an intentional way. Such as using a very precise beam which dances side to side between the edges of the would be joint in order to very effectively pool the seam, very rapidly, with almost no heat-transfer or heat migration to the rest of the material. Precise, very small welds with vastly less heat migration would be an astonishing advancement for the currently emerging micro/nano technologies. Edit: I had another idea - but instead of micro-tech: industrial. Imagine a wave interference system on the end of a powerful laser emitter guide similar to current welding torch. No more need for noble gas tanks or attaching electrodes to the work piece. You use the interference to distort the beam over a wider surface where you're welding to blast away dirt, rust, impurities and in less than a fraction of a second after that wider beam strike the beam dances to nearly instantly pool the material of the joint and create the weld: then continues to traverse those differing interference patterns very rapidly, perhaps thousands of times per second: and the welder just moves the torch head along the seam - creating a clean weld free of impurities or contaminates in spite of not doing the usual grinding/polishing prep work and not needing a noble gas or flux. *And* still do so without having to change the area being welded on either - because he wouldn't have to deal with the possibility of heat migration warping the material. This could make even industrial welding several times more efficient.

The image is at 9:16, but the subtext of the guy on the left having a difficult realignment session ahead of him isn't obvious to me. Also, losing sleep over realignment doesn't seem worth it.

My inference is absurdist and ignorant. It's my comfort zone.

Real is dual to not real (imaginary, virtual, simulated) -- complex numbers. Complex numbers are dual. Photons are modelled with complex or imaginary numbers -- photons or pure energy is therefore dual. Sine is dual to cosine or dual sine -- the word co means mutual and implies duality. Functions are teleological as they have a goal or target. The integers are self dual as they are their own conjugates. Positive is dual to negative -- electric charge or numbers. Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non teleological physics (entropy). Syntropy (prediction) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Enantiodromia is the unconscious opposite or opposame (duality) -- Carl Jung. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. Complexity is dual to simplicity.

Assembly is a syntropic process -- teleological. Real is dual to not real (imaginary, virtual, simulated) -- complex numbers. Complex numbers are dual. Photons are modelled with complex or imaginary numbers -- photons or pure energy is therefore dual. Sine is dual to cosine or dual sine -- the word co means mutual and implies duality. Functions are teleological as they have a goal or target. The integers are self dual as they are their own conjugates. Positive is dual to negative -- electric charge or numbers. Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non teleological physics (entropy). Syntropy (prediction) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Enantiodromia is the unconscious opposite or opposame (duality) -- Carl Jung. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. Complexity is dual to simplicity.

Assembly is a syntropic process -- teleological. Real is dual to not real (imaginary, virtual, simulated) -- complex numbers. Complex numbers are dual. Photons are modelled with complex or imaginary numbers -- photons or pure energy is therefore dual. Sine is dual to cosine or dual sine -- the word co means mutual and implies duality. Functions are teleological as they have a goal or target. The integers are self dual as they are their own conjugates. Positive is dual to negative -- electric charge or numbers. Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non teleological physics (entropy). Syntropy (prediction) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Enantiodromia is the unconscious opposite or opposame (duality) -- Carl Jung. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. Complexity is dual to simplicity.

the change in entropy and the change in complexity are not obviously related

Yea was thinking something similar. Like, any "systems" in the universe aren't enclosed. Energy/information/stuff can leave and enter. From planets, to solar systems, to galaxies, etc. But the entire universe as a whole can be considered a "closed off system". (unless other universes exist, AND one is interacting with ours of course) And I thought it was already established that the universe as a whole is (very VERY slowly) heading towards higher entropy.

I think autocatalytic sets explain emergent complexity nicely and Sabine already did a video discussing it.

It's the evolution of complexity to the extreme (specifically, us meatbags) that is the mystery here.

​@Sanquinity The universe is absolutely heading toward maximum entropy but is very young still.

It used to be that there wasn't even that musical cue that the topic had changed. I agree that there should be slightly longer gaps in general. It's a little too "wall to wall". I wouldn't mind if a 17' video became a 17'10" video.

Real is dual to not real (imaginary, virtual, simulated) -- complex numbers. Complex numbers are dual. Photons are modelled with complex or imaginary numbers -- photons or pure energy is therefore dual. Sine is dual to cosine or dual sine -- the word co means mutual and implies duality. Functions are teleological as they have a goal or target. The integers are self dual as they are their own conjugates. Positive is dual to negative -- electric charge or numbers. Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non teleological physics (entropy). Syntropy (prediction) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Enantiodromia is the unconscious opposite or opposame (duality) -- Carl Jung. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. Complexity is dual to simplicity.

this idea is at least 60 years old

@@EarthgazerYeah, of course. I'm talking about humans using methods previously used to study real brains (and to verify predictions of the neural network model of the brain) to study artificial neural networks

fMRI? 😂

@@youonlytubeonce Did you read the new cutting edge research in Neuroscience? Memory is now totally understood. A test subject thought about a memory and a pixel lit up on the fMRI screen , so it's confirmed that the brain almost certainly has something to do with thinking, but thoughts are an illusion it creates to fool us . Reality is a invention of humanity to ignore the fact that we don't exist. Scientists are currently drawing more lines on a ruler to make the measurements of reality more precise.

Dust in space is a big problem to overcome for space explorers.🤖

They dont talk to me anymore 😁 last thing he told me was "bye (name) it will be over before you know it and you are being cared for by us" yea wicked

I am pretty sure I was lagging last week.

And who are these programmers? Let's face it, this simulation theory is basically creationism. Atheists possessed by the very archetypes they reject! as Jung would say...

The "programmer" was probably just some random AI, run by a big company, asked to make a little simulation of life by a teenager with too much time on their hands and who likes playing games. They're doing it as part of a school project. It would be funny if that kid told the AI to communicate that to the simulated life, just before ending the program and finishing their class presentation. 😂

@another3997 bro we eat flesh like monsters. Our sperm is living and they eat it in porn becoming essentially cannabils. We in the federal government simulation of the real world for a criminal and I'm sure he going through it.

👍

your brain is simulating your embeddedness in reality, is that not enough for you?

Assembly is a syntropic process -- teleological. Real is dual to not real (imaginary, virtual, simulated) -- complex numbers. Complex numbers are dual. Photons are modelled with complex or imaginary numbers -- photons or pure energy is therefore dual. Sine is dual to cosine or dual sine -- the word co means mutual and implies duality. Functions are teleological as they have a goal or target. The integers are self dual as they are their own conjugates. Positive is dual to negative -- electric charge or numbers. Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non teleological physics (entropy). Syntropy (prediction) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Enantiodromia is the unconscious opposite or opposame (duality) -- Carl Jung. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. Complexity is dual to simplicity.

@@hyperduality2838 is dual to getting laid

it isn't

​@@anywallsocketIt seems that you misunderstood the question.

It's not so much different from the pretentious humans who can use the BS-jargon, but can't do the job entailed to it... Like the guy who can make and land the jokes about "Whip it" regarding welding, but put a stick welder in his hands, and all you're going to have to show for it is a fire hazard and a mess... However, if ChatGPT DOES really understand what it's talking about in regard to the places and cities, install it into a self-driving car and tell it what city you're in... See if it can actually GET to New York or Paris... I highly doubt it. Humans, CAN really understand the terms as well as the sum of those terms... HOW the numbers mean more than arbitrary values to be absorbed to database, processed through functions and equations, and spit out as test-answer results. Real Life is NOT like that history or geography test you took in High School. If you talk the talk, someone's going to expect you to step up and walk the walk... and I see no relevant evidence that ChatGPT or any other AI-bots can do that. They can only ever copy out what they already have saved up to cross-reference for the best list of answers. Granted, this is a HUGELY functional advantage humans have over most other animals as defining ourselves to be "intelligent"... BUT there's more to real intelligence than that, and that's exactly why we STILL fight and argue over defining intelligence as a value, itself. Without a solid definition of that, you can't hope to build nor test for Artificial Intelligence of any kind... AND even if you could, the step past that is Artificial SENTIENCE, and the quality of being truly self aware, a state many humans even seem somewhat diminished... ;o)

@@gnarthdarkanen7464 I agree, but think you omit an important aspect of the current generation of bots: they make up BS.

​@@AndrewBlucher : So do many humans, including those answering questions about subjects they're familiar with.

there is nothing there. No predictions

@@matterasmachine there actually are :) for example a speed limit for quantum entanglement reactions, many orders of magnitude above the speed of light and not within our current measurement capabilities

@@michoxi so what is the test??? Bell inequalities just prove observer effect and that’s it.

Real is dual to not real (imaginary, virtual, simulated) -- complex numbers. Complex numbers are dual. Photons are modelled with complex or imaginary numbers -- photons or pure energy is therefore dual. Sine is dual to cosine or dual sine -- the word co means mutual and implies duality. Functions are teleological as they have a goal or target. The integers are self dual as they are their own conjugates. Positive is dual to negative -- electric charge or numbers. Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non teleological physics (entropy). Syntropy (prediction) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Enantiodromia is the unconscious opposite or opposame (duality) -- Carl Jung. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. Complexity is dual to simplicity.

I think pogoing from one spot to another.

Real is dual to not real (imaginary, virtual, simulated) -- complex numbers. Complex numbers are dual. Photons are modelled with complex or imaginary numbers -- photons or pure energy is therefore dual. Sine is dual to cosine or dual sine -- the word co means mutual and implies duality. Functions are teleological as they have a goal or target. The integers are self dual as they are their own conjugates. Positive is dual to negative -- electric charge or numbers. Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non teleological physics (entropy). Syntropy (prediction) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Enantiodromia is the unconscious opposite or opposame (duality) -- Carl Jung. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. Complexity is dual to simplicity.

Assembly is a syntropic process -- teleological. Real is dual to not real (imaginary, virtual, simulated) -- complex numbers. Complex numbers are dual. Photons are modelled with complex or imaginary numbers -- photons or pure energy is therefore dual. Sine is dual to cosine or dual sine -- the word co means mutual and implies duality. Functions are teleological as they have a goal or target. The integers are self dual as they are their own conjugates. Positive is dual to negative -- electric charge or numbers. Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non teleological physics (entropy). Syntropy (prediction) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Enantiodromia is the unconscious opposite or opposame (duality) -- Carl Jung. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. Complexity is dual to simplicity.

that's a bad habit

@@anywallsocket don't be silly. She has a degree in mathematics and a doctorate in theoretical physics and several years of experience in science writing and education. I, on the other hand, have a degree in film production and a minor in philosophy (with a focus on science and epistemology), and I'm only moderately good at math. Taking her word doesn't mean assuming she's infallible; it isn't argument from authority, it's a rational heuristic. In the absence of contradictory evidence, the odds that she is correct about a subject she has expertise in is greater than the odds that a nonexpert, including myself, is correct.

@@timhaldane7588 A rational heuristic would be to not develop an opinion on something you’re unfamiliar with. Or if you feel the need, then be sure to bring along with it your own doubts. And if you’re just out here collecting opinions you should at least do so from multiple sources. Everything else you said I agree with.

@@anywallsocket doubt comes with me everywhere, my friend. That's the nature of philosophy, or at least the nature of honest philosophy. But doubt is a double edged sword. Experts are fallible, and so am I (hence the probabalistic approach). This is why your description of a rational heuristic seems to have a bit of a bootstrap / chicken and egg problem (and that's coming from a died-in-the-wool fence-sitting hard agnostic). Namely, how are you supposed to judge your familiarity with a subject without making some implicit assumptions about what is both relevant and correct? You make a provisional guess. I'm just saying, hey, Sabine says something about a subject she's an expert in and I'm not, and nothing sticks out as an obvious flaw in her reasoning, so her take sounds like a reasonable starting point. If she's wrong, so be it, I didn't plan on dying on that hill anyway.

@@timhaldane7588 ain't gotta tie yourself up in knots there my friend, i'm just saying taking people's word for things is a bad habit

Real is dual to not real (imaginary, virtual, simulated) -- complex numbers. Complex numbers are dual. Photons are modelled with complex or imaginary numbers -- photons or pure energy is therefore dual. Sine is dual to cosine or dual sine -- the word co means mutual and implies duality. Functions are teleological as they have a goal or target. The integers are self dual as they are their own conjugates. Positive is dual to negative -- electric charge or numbers. Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non teleological physics (entropy). Syntropy (prediction) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Enantiodromia is the unconscious opposite or opposame (duality) -- Carl Jung. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. Complexity is dual to simplicity.

Are you German(your name)? Reading your comment(especially mentioning Maturana) I just had to think about a lecture of Niklas Luhmann about the theory of open systems that I recently watched on KZfaq(recorded in 1992). It's really, really good but unfortunetely only available in German as far as I know.

Yea, I saw that too and had a "hold up a minute" moment.

You think they would be a little more creative with the name of the canines instead of calling them all Rover.

The verb to rove?

I agree, it's like with a lottery: the probability of winning is super small, and the general "law" is that you lose. But sooner or later, a guy wins, and there's no special law that caused that particular guy to win. Similarly, there doesn't have to be a special reason for local complexity increase (Earth "won the lottery").

@@skunkfarmcanada Such as the one given by groin_stomper above.

@@skunkfarmcanada Stats say there must somewhere be one, BUT it does in no way specify it must be "ours". You seemed to have missed the entire point.

@@skunkfarmcanada I did not intend to "insult" and I in no way implied/said or indicated that you were wrong by saying that the law was statistics, it was that the point was that "complexity being special" is merely the luck of the draw as it were, it's the outlier, not the mean and doesn't violate the laws of statistics since outliers occur. PSA::: Saying someone missed the point is not of nesc. an insult. Nobody gets everyone else's view all the time, let alone it's exact and precise meaning, it should not be insulting or taken as an insult to imply/state or outright say a human did a thing all humans do. That being said again I am sorry you took it as an insult when it was intended to just state a communicative data point.

Real is dual to not real (imaginary, virtual, simulated) -- complex numbers. Complex numbers are dual. Photons are modelled with complex or imaginary numbers -- photons or pure energy is therefore dual. Sine is dual to cosine or dual sine -- the word co means mutual and implies duality. Functions are teleological as they have a goal or target. The integers are self dual as they are their own conjugates. Positive is dual to negative -- electric charge or numbers. Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non teleological physics (entropy). Syntropy (prediction) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Enantiodromia is the unconscious opposite or opposame (duality) -- Carl Jung. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. Complexity is dual to simplicity.

Trying to wrestle the math out of philisophical ideas seems to be a trend these days.

The laser road samples had a preformed pattern with holes much like a grid, and the whole road wasn't done as a single segment so the triangular path likely creates imperfections or texture that helps give grip

@@SavageOne420 - Thanks for the info. Makes sense. Good point, and lets not forget, if you have sand, you have sandpaper.

Real is dual to not real (imaginary, virtual, simulated) -- complex numbers. Complex numbers are dual. Photons are modelled with complex or imaginary numbers -- photons or pure energy is therefore dual. Sine is dual to cosine or dual sine -- the word co means mutual and implies duality. Functions are teleological as they have a goal or target. The integers are self dual as they are their own conjugates. Positive is dual to negative -- electric charge or numbers. Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non teleological physics (entropy). Syntropy (prediction) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Enantiodromia is the unconscious opposite or opposame (duality) -- Carl Jung. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. Complexity is dual to simplicity.

Assembly is a syntropic process -- teleological. Real is dual to not real (imaginary, virtual, simulated) -- complex numbers. Complex numbers are dual. Photons are modelled with complex or imaginary numbers -- photons or pure energy is therefore dual. Sine is dual to cosine or dual sine -- the word co means mutual and implies duality. Functions are teleological as they have a goal or target. The integers are self dual as they are their own conjugates. Positive is dual to negative -- electric charge or numbers. Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non teleological physics (entropy). Syntropy (prediction) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Enantiodromia is the unconscious opposite or opposame (duality) -- Carl Jung. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. Complexity is dual to simplicity.

Assembly is a syntropic process -- teleological. Real is dual to not real (imaginary, virtual, simulated) -- complex numbers. Complex numbers are dual. Photons are modelled with complex or imaginary numbers -- photons or pure energy is therefore dual. Sine is dual to cosine or dual sine -- the word co means mutual and implies duality. Functions are teleological as they have a goal or target. The integers are self dual as they are their own conjugates. Positive is dual to negative -- electric charge or numbers. Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non teleological physics (entropy). Syntropy (prediction) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Enantiodromia is the unconscious opposite or opposame (duality) -- Carl Jung. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. Complexity is dual to simplicity.

Yes, that was bullshit. ;-)

I think you're chasing glitzy nonsense. Yes biology assembles very complex structures, that's obvious, yes biology does not follow entropy at least not in any classical sense but that's because it's always taking energy from some source and it is not a closed system. Last but not least the real determinant of whether a complex structure is reproduced is simply whether or not it is selected. Does that structure help organisms stay alive?. If it doesn't, it's not selected. It's pretty simple actually Darwin figured all this out there's been an enormous filling in of the blanks and buttressing of his central insight. The notion that physicists are going to somehow Sweep All That away with some new mathematics is just just the tribal grandiosity of physics as a discipline. Physics can make some contributions but it's not going to throw away selection, adaptation, and fitness.

@@douglaswatt1582 Nobody in physics proper ever said that it does. Dude, can you even hear yourself? :-)

Assembly is a syntropic process -- teleological. Real is dual to not real (imaginary, virtual, simulated) -- complex numbers. Complex numbers are dual. Photons are modelled with complex or imaginary numbers -- photons or pure energy is therefore dual. Sine is dual to cosine or dual sine -- the word co means mutual and implies duality. Functions are teleological as they have a goal or target. The integers are self dual as they are their own conjugates. Positive is dual to negative -- electric charge or numbers. Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non teleological physics (entropy). Syntropy (prediction) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Enantiodromia is the unconscious opposite or opposame (duality) -- Carl Jung. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. Complexity is dual to simplicity.

Assembly is a syntropic process -- teleological. Real is dual to not real (imaginary, virtual, simulated) -- complex numbers. Complex numbers are dual. Photons are modelled with complex or imaginary numbers -- photons or pure energy is therefore dual. Sine is dual to cosine or dual sine -- the word co means mutual and implies duality. Functions are teleological as they have a goal or target. The integers are self dual as they are their own conjugates. Positive is dual to negative -- electric charge or numbers. Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non teleological physics (entropy). Syntropy (prediction) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Enantiodromia is the unconscious opposite or opposame (duality) -- Carl Jung. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. Complexity is dual to simplicity.