I took mine and my mum is second generation Cuban. I am 100% European 18% Iberian Peninsula, the rest Irish, English and Ashkenazi Jewish. So I guess according to these people I'm 18% African. These people are crazy . We are Latino's and we embrace all of our ancestors. Why do they always try to educate us. SMH.

lets get the straight ... your results are not typical for cubans if indeed what you have posted is correct. that said... but as i stated in the original post to the sister saying they were iberian only means they lived there .. the iberian pensisula was a big mix of lots of peoples many of the north africans (black) for a very very long time... so not as according to me as you would like to phrase it but every genetic and historical record bears witness too . if you have a source that says otherwise i challenge you to post it... furthermore no one is attempting to educate you , i myself am only correcting the record , as it is proven that europeans for hundreds of years have whitewashed history to advance their imperialistic ambitions .

here are some facts so you do not have to take my word for it..... We carried out an admixture analysis of a sample comprising 1,019 individuals from all the provinces of Cuba. We used a panel of 128 autosomal Ancestry Informative Markers (AIMs) to estimate the admixture proportions. We also characterized a number of haplogroup diagnostic markers in the mtDNA and Y-chromosome in order to evaluate admixture using uniparental markers. Finally, we analyzed the association of 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with quantitative estimates of skin pigmentation. In the total sample, the average European, African and Native American contributions as estimated from autosomal AIMs were 72%, 20% and 8%, respectively. The Eastern provinces of Cuba showed relatively higher African and Native American contributions than the Western provinces. In particular, the highest proportion of African ancestry was observed in the provinces of Guantánamo (40%) and Santiago de Cuba (39%), and the highest proportion of Native American ancestry in Granma (15%), Holguín (12%) and Las Tunas (12%). We found evidence of substantial population stratification in the current Cuban population, emphasizing the need to control for the effects of population stratification in association studies including individuals from Cuba. The results of the analyses of uniparental markers were concordant with those observed in the autosomes. These geographic patterns in admixture proportions are fully consistent with historical and archaeological information. Additionally, we identified a sex-biased pattern in the process of gene flow, with a substantially higher European contribution from the paternal side, and higher Native American and African contributions from the maternal side. This sex-biased contribution was particularly evident for Native American ancestry. Finally, we observed that SNPs located in the genes SLC24A5 and SLC45A2 are strongly associated with melanin levels in the sample.

The post-Columbian history of the Caribbean has been marked by the encounter of people from different continents. This is reflected in the gene pool of the present inhabitants of the Caribbean archipelago, as shown in recent studies using autosomal, mtDNA and Y-chromosome markers [1]-[7]. However, very few studies have focused on Cuba, the largest island of the Greater Antilles [8], [9]. Evidence of human habitation in Cuba goes back to approximately 7,000 years BP [10], [11]. It has been estimated that at the arrival of the Spaniards there were around 110,000 indigenous people living on the island [12]. At the time of contact there were two indigenous groups in Cuba. The Guanahatabey were hunter-gatherers living in western Cuba. They comprised approximately 10% of the indigenous Cuban population, spoke a non-Arawak language and have been considered to be the descendants of the earliest settlers of the island. The Taino were Arawak-speaking agriculturalists inhabiting the rest of the island, and comprised 90% of the indigenous population. The most accepted hypothesis is that both groups migrated from South America (lower Orinoco Valley) [11], [12]. However, North American (Florida) and Mesoamerican (Yucatan, Honduras and Nicaragua) migrations have also been postulated by some authors, particularly for the earliest settlers of the island [11], [12]. Within 50 years of the arrival of Columbus, the indigenous Cuban population had been decimated to a few thousand people. The Spaniards then started to relocate indigenous people from North America and Mesoamerica to Cuba, as well as enslaved Africans, primarily from the West Coast of Africa [9], [13]. It has been estimated that between 700,000 and 1,300,000 Africans were brought to Cuba during the slave trade period [14], [15]. Immigration from Spain took place throughout the colonial and post-colonial periods, until the first half of the 20th century. Historical records indicate that most of the immigrants from Spain were male (60-85%), and that mixing between European males and indigenous and African females occurred since the early stages of the colonization of the island [12]. Therefore, the present genetic structure of the Cuban population has been shaped by the history of admixture between indigenous Americans, Europeans and Africans. Today, the Cuban census classifies the population into three categories: “Blancos” (“White”), “Mestizos” (“Mixed”) and “Negros” (“Black”) [16]. Here, we present an admixture analysis of a large sample comprising 1,019 individuals from the 16 provinces of Cuba. We used a panel of 128 Ancestry Informative Markers (AIMs) to estimate the admixture proportions. In addition to the AIMs, we also characterized a number of haplogroup diagnostic SNPs in the mtDNA and Y-chromosome in order to evaluate admixture using uniparental markers. Finally, we also evaluated the association of 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with skin pigmentation. This study is relevant from different points of view. Understanding the distribution of admixture proportions throughout Cuba is important from an anthropological perspective, and this is the most extensive effort carried out to date in terms of the size and representativeness of the sample. Additionally, the study of uniparental markers provides interesting evidence regarding the directionality of gene flow. The elucidation of admixture proportions is also of interest for future application of admixture mapping studies or genome-wide association studies in Cuba. Finally, we show that SNPs located in the genes SLC24A5 and SLC45A2 are strongly associated with melanin levels in the sample. Results The average age of the participants was 49.35 years (minimum 18; maximum 95; SD 16.59) and 58% were female. The participants came from all the provinces of Cuba, primarily from urban areas (77% vs. 23% from rural areas). In terms of the self-reported census classification, 55% of the participants indicated to be “blanco”, 33% “mestizo” and 12% “negro”

The data show clear geographic trends in admixture proportions in Cuba. For example, the average African ancestry in the provinces of Guantánamo and Santiago de Cuba is higher than in the other provinces. In principle, this could be explained by two different scenarios, which are not mutually exclusive: (i) African admixture proportions are higher in Guantánamo and Santiago de Cuba because these provinces have higher proportions of individuals self-reporting to be “negro” or “mestizo”, who on average have higher African contributions than individuals reporting to be “blanco”, or (ii). There are no differences in the proportion of individuals self-reporting to be “blanco”, “mestizo” or “negro” between Guantánamo and Santiago de Cuba and the other provinces, but the average African admixture contributions in at least some of the census categories are higher in Guantánamo and Santiago de Cuba than in the other provinces. In order to evaluate these two scenarios, we explored the relationships between African admixture proportions and the proportion of individuals in each province reporting to be “negro”, “mestizo”, or “blanco”. We observed a strong positive relationship between average African ancestry in each province and the proportion of individuals reporting to be “negro” or “mestizo” (r2 = 0.69, P = 7×10−5, and r2 = 0.63, P = 0.63, P = 2×10−4, see also Figure S1). Therefore, the higher African admixture proportions in Guantánamo and Santiago de Cuba are due, to a considerable extent, to the higher proportions of self-reported “negro” and “mestizo” in these provinces. We also observed a positive relationship between the proportion of individuals reporting to be “mestizo” and Native American ancestry across provinces, although this relationship is not as strong as that observed for African ancestry (r2 = 0.43, P = 6×10−3). In addition to the relationship of ancestry and census proportions by province, we also explored to which extent there are differences in admixture proportions within each census category (“blanco”, “mestizo” and “negro”) between provinces (Figure S2). The presence of differences in ancestry proportions within each census category would indicate that provincial differences in ancestry proportions are not only due to differences in the relative proportions of individuals from each census category. We observed some differences in ancestry proportions within census categories. For example, within individuals self-reporting to be “blanco”, the average African admixture proportions are significantly higher in Guantánamo, Santiago de Cuba and Granma than in many other provinces, and within individuals self-reporting to be “negro”, the average African admixture proportions are significantly lower in Las Tunas, Holguín and Granma than in Guantánamo, Santiago de Cuba, Camagüey and La Habana (data not show

they are zionis haha

yoshiotamura Well I am an African American Orthodox convert to Judaism,have no Jewish blood whatsoever,and am 100% Jewish,and am recognized as such by the State of Israel,where I've lived for 18 years.

This is scientifically false and has been disproved over and over again. Ashkenazi Jews are almost identical to Sephardi Jews, both of whom are half Levantine, half European. You bigots are pathetic and incredibly racist.

www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-ashkenazi-jews-dna-diseases-20140909-story.html This article says those with Ashkenazi Jewish dna trace back to "to a group of about 330 people who lived 600 to 800 years ago."

A ridiculous conspiracy theory that has no basis in science or history. Ashkenazi Jews are 50% Middle Eastern, 50% European. Pretty much all Jewish populations (and Levantine populations) are extremely mixed as well. The "real Jews" are the modern-day Jews whose ancestors have been practicing Judaism and living as Jews for 2500+ years.

North Africa is mixed. Deal with it.

Saleh Elomami hold it man, not all are pale with green eyes. That's what you wish them all to be. The so called berbers go from the palest to the darkest. There are many many black Amazigh in North Africa. Many!

My 9th great grandfather was an African slave and he was brought to the "New World" to Puerto Rico in 1660 he was brought in by ship to Aguada Puerto Rico from Cameron Congo ... they gave him the name "Machado" and I am of Puerto Rican descent.... There are no lost records of where our history's origins come from and I was born in Puerto Rico... So not so rude at all!

misterjesp of course there wasn't much mixture that is why they look so much alike

Ntu & Eu Hahaha you're fooling yourself if you think Spaniards and moors look anything alike. Go to Spanish provinces of Asturias or Basque country or Leon and watch for yourself lol. Spaniards are whites, whereas moors were Arab amazigh mixed. They're very different people.

With the coupon code I had at the time it was 79 dollars. But original price is 99 dollars. Not bad really. You get alot of information.

TubeYou Wouldn't that be Sephardic Jewish?

You do know that Argentina's first President, Bernardino Rivadavia, was of partial African descent when Argentina was called Rio de la Plata. There was a huge "whitening" period and the Argentine government sent most of the men of African descent out to war causing a severe decline in their number while at the same time encouraging Spanish, Italians, Germans etc to immigrate.

See what I told you about the unpredictability of eye ball tests?

it works she is no where near 80% Black. She looks mix as they come. She looks caucasian.

you can and what i mean by that is that she look like she has nothing over 40% Blacm dna. She is Caucasian. She does not look 80% or over. She has Caucasian European features. She also has some familiar mix Black and White features. Her skin is fair and looks nothing like pure fair skin Negroid.

TRUTHTEACHER2007 even if her skin was dark Black I would only give her 40% or 60% thinking she was Somali or Berber. Idk if Berbers are Caucasian or Negroid. But I think they are a mix of both in my mind.

Somali? Certainly not. Berber etc, I could see it. The pint is you guessed her to be 40%. Fact is she's far less than that. Conclusion: You can't guess a persons percentages by just looking at them. the way you worded your statement didn't factor in the supposition that she's not 80%.

I'm aware. Thanks for that added info though. Because I'm half puerto rican and half dominican I am already a blend of many things to begin with. This was an amazing journey. Glad I shared it with everyone.

Jewelize444 This idiot is lying to you lol. Getting "iberian" means your ancestors come from the region of Iberia. This means that your dna is from Iberia, not that they were arabs or moors who lived in Spain. Seriously, if I'm born in Somalia will that make me get sub-saharan on a dna test? No it won't. Dna doesn't work like that… Africans never ruled Iberia, Arabs did. Your african dna is probably derived from african slaves brought to America.

thank you dear sister for your reply. I also noticed you appear to mix nationality with so called race. Being Dominican or Puerto Rican only means the same Spainards , Native ior both. This science appears good at tracing the movement of people especially if the mix or intermarry .

moors were berbers and not black. please research before you talk about things you don't know. iberians are not moors. if your tested as a moor it would be north african.

i am actually involved in research as we speak. believe what you believe. its a wonderful big world and full of colorful people with amazing history. as the cartwright's ancestors ...

If it's so cringey than why comment?

well cause it had to be said.