The momentous transition to multicellular life may not have been so hard after all

  Рет қаралды 54,476

Science Magazine

Science Magazine

5 жыл бұрын

Single cells had many of the genes and functions needed for complex life to evolve.
Learn more: scim.ag/2Kjutt7
Credits:
producer/editor/script/narrator
Nguyen Khoi Nguyen
supervising producer
Sarah Crespi
original story
Elizabeth Pennisi
graphics
collar cells
The Biology of Marine Animals
bit.ly/2tGjoXB
young sponge
The Cambridge Natural History
bit.ly/2tvYISY
multicellular yeast
V. Altounian/Science
photography
choanoflagellates (2)
Mark Dayel, dayel.com/choanoflagellates
crepidula fornicata
Joyce Pieretti, Manuela Truebano,
Saori Tani, and Daniela Di Bella/
Embryology Course at the Marine Biological Laboratory
adult amphipod
Longhua Guo/
Embryology Course at the Marine Biological Laboratory
juvenile of the longfin inshore squid
Wang Chi Lau/
Embryology Course at the Marine Biological Laboratory
veiled chameleon
Jake Hines and Nate Peters/
Embryology Course at the Marine Biological Laboratory
chlamydomonas globosa
Picturepest, bit.ly/2yKjq6B, CC BY 2.0
volvocales
Aurora M. Nedelcu, bit.ly/2lyhCEm, CC BY 2.5
gonium pectorale
Environmental Protection Agency
bit.ly/2lCTMao, public domain
volvox aureus
Zappys Technology Solutions
bit.ly/2Knt3Ng, CC BY 2.0
volvox aureus
Picturepest, bit.ly/2lCERgJ, CC BY 2.0
yeast
Marina Taikevich, bit.ly/2N1csgF, CC BY 2.0
saccharomyces cerevisiae
Pilarbini, bit.ly/2N33qQm, CC BY 4.0
video
squid development
April Dinwiddie, Jenna Judge, Lynn See,
Rachel K. Miller, Marie-Therese Noedl, Juliette Petersen,
Maggie Rigney, Ju Roscito, Brittany Shamenek,
and Nipam Patel
yeast snowflake confocal
Ozan Bozdag, Siyi Cao, Ali Zamani and Will Ratcliff
multicellular yeast time-lapse
Will Ratcliff
multicellular chlamydomonas time-lapse
Matthew Herron, Joshua Borin, and Will Ratcliff
developing embryos of the African clawed frog
Nipam Patel, Chenbei Chang/
Embryology Course at the Marine Biological Laboratory
stock video
Videoblocks
music
Nguyen Khoi Nguyen

Пікірлер: 46
@NSXTypeRGTRLM
@NSXTypeRGTRLM 5 жыл бұрын
The videography here is amazing!
@luismiguelrodriguez1080
@luismiguelrodriguez1080 5 жыл бұрын
Thank you for this video about the evolution of multicellularity, it's a interesting subject and we just are start to understand this transition. Specially, I like the part that you talk about Volvocine algae because I exposed about them in my Microbial Physiology class.
@brian4019
@brian4019 3 жыл бұрын
Not so hard? Can you imagine how many interactions single cell life must have had with itself for over 3 BILLION YEARS -- and was unable to create a multicellular organism during that time?
@notlisztening9821
@notlisztening9821 3 жыл бұрын
from what i can see, our estimate of when multicellular life began, is dependant on the first fossiles we can observe -> which were fungi. I suppose that since we can't travel back in time, scientists are cautious to make an estimate purely on how likely our current theories deem it, so instead we stick to what we can observe when creating a timeline.
@WokeandProud
@WokeandProud 9 ай бұрын
Ya because Oxegen levels were so low that was the problem life needs energy.
@sirmeowthelibrarycat
@sirmeowthelibrarycat 5 жыл бұрын
😺 What wonders can be found in the unicellular world! Chlamydomonas and Hydras were part of my Grammar school biology curriculum in the 1960s! Abiogenesis is becoming more defined by the day! Astounding colour photography! Biology rocks - or should that be Geology?
@GorgonLinguini
@GorgonLinguini 5 жыл бұрын
How do we know that these cells represent cells that existed before multi-cellular life? Could they have evolved from multi to single celled organisms over the last 700 million years and retained their multi-cellular genes?
@sirmeowthelibrarycat
@sirmeowthelibrarycat 5 жыл бұрын
Geoff Pullinger 😳 What you are asking is that life goes into reverse. There is absolutely no evidence of that happening. You wonder about ‘before’ multicellular life, yet the narration explains the status of early life as unicellular amoebas and similar. There is no evidence to suggest that the prevailing environment would require anything different. Today the only examples of ‘biological regression’ is where certain creatures no longer use sight as they now inhabit places in total darkness, or limbs because they slide through narrow crevices or burrow in soft ground.
@GorgonLinguini
@GorgonLinguini 5 жыл бұрын
Never mind, just read the article.
@notlisztening9821
@notlisztening9821 3 жыл бұрын
@@sirmeowthelibrarycat that is incorrect. Loss of multicellularity is a known concept, that has happened in quite some fungi species. Idk about this experiment though and whether it was just some reactivated genes, or whether those cells actually gained those functions completely de novo.
@speedwagon1824
@speedwagon1824 Жыл бұрын
@@sirmeowthelibrarycat multiple beings have evolved from multi celled to single celled, like yeast and myxozoa
@WokeandProud
@WokeandProud 9 ай бұрын
We already had cells living in cooperative communities before multicellular life was even a thing is it really that hard to think it would take the next leap when enough energy from the environment (oxygen) provided itself.
@gregorius790
@gregorius790 5 жыл бұрын
WoW. Thanks
@pacoserran1566
@pacoserran1566 3 жыл бұрын
no se entiende nada no hay subtitulos en español
@pocholoo
@pocholoo 3 жыл бұрын
yaya esque son mas tontos
@pacoserran1566
@pacoserran1566 3 жыл бұрын
@@pocholoo tienes toda la razon
@boson2916
@boson2916 Жыл бұрын
Wow, transition to multicellular life seems so simple like the Big Bang.
@pound4pound380
@pound4pound380 7 ай бұрын
That's a hell of a leap of faith
@tims5268
@tims5268 6 ай бұрын
Far smaller leap than 'God did it'.
@pound4pound380
@pound4pound380 6 ай бұрын
@tims5268 explain to me why do feel like it's far smaller than an intelligent designer? I'll respond as best as I can but I want to see if you have proper education on the topic
@tims5268
@tims5268 6 ай бұрын
@@pound4pound380 Well as the video says, choanoflagellates whilst single celled resemble the cells that make up sponges (the most simple animal we know of and therefore likely the oldest). Genes have been found in said choanoflagellates that for a long time we thought were exclusive to multi cellular animals showing that this single celled organism is equipped for multicellular life. We can also witness clusters of single celled organisms behaving in a similar fashion to multicellular organisms. Experiments with Chlamydomonas have shown that multicellularity can arise quicker than we thought, now imagine that process over millions of years. Sure, we don’t have all the answers but what was once considered a big gap is getting smaller and smaller as we learn more. But to go beyond what is discussed in the video, we have 3.5 billion year old fossils of single celled organisms. The oldest fossils we have of multicellular organisms are 600 million years old. Which leaves us with two ‘leaps’ to consider. Either God created single celled organisms then hung around for billions of years before taking the next step and introducing multicellular organisms OR a change in environment or some other mechanism we do not yet understand led to single celled organisms evolving into multi cellular organisms. The ‘God leap’ explains nothing at all, literally nothing, if anything it is in opposition to what any holy book actually states - the ‘evolution leap’ isn’t that much of a leap as we have sound logic for why it happened, several hypotheses, and observable traits and behaviour in both single and multicellular organisms, cells that seem to be on their way to multicellularity and can witness cells forming a kind of multicellularity. As for my education, I have a bachelors in Forensic Science and a masters in toxicology. Not exactly the same as this subject but I am a student of science. Now your turn, why do I get the impression that your education on this topic is ‘watched some creationist youtube videos that claim to debunk evolution’ despite it still being regarded as one of the most proven theories in science by 98% of scientists (including Christian ones).
@drd6482
@drd6482 2 жыл бұрын
silence
@drd6482
@drd6482 Жыл бұрын
NOICE #thatsbetter #obviously #hahahahahahhahahaha #goodonedave #yeahboi
@grNephrite
@grNephrite 5 жыл бұрын
So... like ants.
@virtuerse
@virtuerse 5 жыл бұрын
Naisu
@thanglaka9543
@thanglaka9543 5 жыл бұрын
One of Buddhism's 5 precepts is not take a life of living. At Buddha's time, no microscope and thus Buddha didn't know about microbiome in his body also.
@10697018
@10697018 5 жыл бұрын
Yea, way less than a billion years ago, more like 6,022 years ago.
@user-ik2yi4fm1u
@user-ik2yi4fm1u 3 жыл бұрын
Science disagrees
@WokeandProud
@WokeandProud 9 ай бұрын
Okay hillbilly joe now run on back to your trailer park with your cousin wife and STFU.
@francoisdallaire4835
@francoisdallaire4835 3 жыл бұрын
you know you're watching a shit video when the narrator says "scientist say" without referring to any specific study, made at a specific time by a specific group of people.
@mmhoss
@mmhoss 2 жыл бұрын
Check the description dipshit, every single claim is cited lmao
@froglover4203
@froglover4203 2 жыл бұрын
@@mmhoss lmao
@hammalammadingdong6244
@hammalammadingdong6244 Жыл бұрын
You can read the full article by clicking the link in the description. Researchers and their studies are listed there.
@RadarLightwave
@RadarLightwave 5 жыл бұрын
Take that Creationism, for another gap has been filled!
@SuviTuuliAllan
@SuviTuuliAllan 5 жыл бұрын
But the Earth is flat because it's two sides are man and woman and there are only two genders therefore ergo Creationism wins and Tupac lives
@tdya1
@tdya1 4 жыл бұрын
Wait till someone examined it and discover the truth and as usual Nature and Science will publish it but without a video like this
@musicjunk8266
@musicjunk8266 Жыл бұрын
@@SuviTuuliAllan you forgot to include Elvis in your model but otherwise correct.
@HealthAndHomestead
@HealthAndHomestead 3 ай бұрын
In the study yeast became clumps of yeast. Not quite as amazing as some might think. Plus, as they said, the genetic material was already there. It was evidently not new genes.
@MrLeGip
@MrLeGip 3 жыл бұрын
So God isn’t real?
@JonSnow-qi9ek
@JonSnow-qi9ek 3 жыл бұрын
No. That was just a concept to induce fear in the minds of primitive people who lived thousands of years ago, so that they can be controlled.
@brian4019
@brian4019 3 жыл бұрын
@@JonSnow-qi9ek primitive people have very little understanding of what the sun is, or why it rains, or many other powerful and natural phenomena. Seems natural to explain this by assigning a "god." I would say that is the origin, which was later abused at times to keep people under control by the threat of eternal damnation.
@ericajones8923
@ericajones8923 2 жыл бұрын
of course the one true GOD is real and so is heaven and hell!
@WokeandProud
@WokeandProud 9 ай бұрын
Never was.
@BR-hi6yt
@BR-hi6yt Жыл бұрын
Don't waste your time on this video. Sorry, nice try though.
@daMillenialTrucker
@daMillenialTrucker 11 ай бұрын
4 years later and y'all were proven wrong 😂 the goal post has been moved 1 light year away since this video. Us and our kids will all die before they figure out the origin of life. Nobody has created abiogenesis in a probiotic setting, to date.
@WokeandProud
@WokeandProud 9 ай бұрын
Your dunning Kruger effect is very strong. Origin of life research is actually very robust and has alot of evidence supporting it cope.
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