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Sehzade Mehmed is the first son of Sultan Suleiman and Hurrem Sultan. He was born in the Old Palace in the autumn of 1521.
It was a difficult year for Sultan Suleiman. His two eldest sons, Mahmud and Murad, died of smallpox. Only the son Makhidevran Mustafa survived. Thus, Sehzade Mehmed immediately after his birth became the second heir to the throne.
He spent his entire childhood in the company of his younger brothers and sister. Most likely there was no friendship with Mustafa, since their mothers were at enmity, and the 6-year age difference did not imply warm, friendly relations.
According to Ottoman tradition, all sehzade had to undergo training in governing the country by holding the post of sanjak bey in one of the provinces. In 1533, Mustafa left for Manisa with his mother after a solemn ceremony.
At this time, Mehmed in the capital, like all the Sultan’s children, received an excellent education. His school curriculum included teaching five foreign languages. He was interested in the humanities and the arts.
Mehmed was in poor health. It is known from Turkish sources that he was often sick, and this caused great concern to Hurrem Sultan.
Sultan Suleiman prepared each of his sons for the throne. From a very young age, all his sons accompanied him on military campaigns.
At the age of 16, Mehmed already participated in a naval expedition to the island of Corfu. Sultan Suleiman was forced to end the siege of the island due to a smallpox epidemic among his soldiers. The island was not captured by the Ottomans, but despite this, Mehmed received his first military experience within 5 months.
At the age of 20, he and his younger brothers Selim and Bayezid accompanied their father on a campaign against Buda. This time the Ottomans were victorious and the enemy was completely defeated.
During his reign in Manisa, Shehzade Mustafa gained a good reputation. He began inviting foreign ambassadors to his palace, letting them know that he was the next ruler of the empire.
His popularity among the people and the Janissaries began to worry Sultan Suleiman. In 1541, due to negotiations between Shehzade Mustafa and the Austrian ambassador, Suleiman finally alienated his son and transferred him to the post of Sanjak Bey of Amasya,
Sehzade Mehmed took his place. The main heir to the throne most often became the sanjak bey of Manisa. Suleiman made it clear to everyone that he sees Mehmed as his successor.
According to tradition, Shehzade's mother was supposed to accompany her son and help him undergo training in government. But Hurrem Sultan did not go with Mehmed, but stayed in the capital with her younger children.
On November 6, 1543, something happened that neither the Sultan nor his wife Hurrem expected - their beloved son died. Most researchers agree that the cause of death was the smallpox virus, which was the scourge of the Ottoman Empire in those centuries, sparing neither commoners nor sultans.
The sudden death of Mehmed has caused a lot of talk. Some of the people around Shehzade were sure that young Shehzade was deliberately infected with smallpox. Some modern historians also admit this version. The scriptwriters of the series “The Magnificent Century” also took this version to work and showed the audience that the organizer of the smallpox infection was Makhidevran, Mustafa’s mother.
But most historians are inclined to believe that Mehmed became infected himself, since he was often sick and had a weak immune system.
Due to the suddenness of his death, Mehmed was initially buried in the Bayezid Mosque.
Suleiman ordered the architect Mimar Sinan to quickly build a complex consisting of a mausoleum, a dining room, a mosque and a madrasah dedicated to Mehmed.
The coffin with Shehzade was transported to the mosque, and over his grave, by order of the Sultan, an ivory throne was installed - a symbol of power and a symbol of the fact that Suleiman wanted to see Mehmed on the throne.
The mosque is called Shehzade Mosque.
Shehzade Cihangir, Rustem Pasha and Mehmed's daughter Hümaşah Sultan are also buried in the Şehzade Mosque.
She was born immediately after Mehmed's death and was his only child from his concubine Ayi Khatun.
Hurrem Sultan took the newborn girl to her care, and her mother Aya Khatun was married to the vizier Pertev Pasha.