Invisible to citizens, undersea fiber optic communication cables nevertheless whet the appetites of companies and countries that want to use them as a major geopolitical weapon. A real digital war that is being played out this time at the bottom of the oceans.
In this video we will retrace together the history of submarine communication cables through the telegraph, the first telephone cable and then optical fiber, to then address the issues of digital sovereignty and geopolitics related to these cables.
Complex issues, both for private companies like Google or Facebook but also for major powers like the United States, China or Russia. In this context, we will talk about the main ongoing construction projects such as the Friendship cables of Meta, Dunant of Google or Apricot, which aims to connect Singapore, Taiwan, the Philippines, Japan and Indonesia by 2024 .
We will also see the espionage issues that may be linked to these cables but also the recent flaws in these infrastructures highlighted, such as during the event linked to the Nordstream 1 and 2 gas pipelines last September or the cutting of cables under sailors between China and Taiwan.
Finally, we will end with the biggest project in the current sector, namely the 2Africa cable, 45,000 km long and aimed at improving the connectivity of the African continent by linking it to Europe and Asia, to benefit more than 38 % of world population. A project that invalidates Elon Musk's words on the "death of submarine cables", invoking his Starlink megaproject aimed at providing internet everywhere on the planet thanks to a constellation of tens of thousands of satellites. Good discovery !
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00:00 Background
01:07 The first submarine telegraph cables
01:40 The Titanic and the TSF
02:31 The evolution of communication cables up to the present day
03:30 Composition and laying techniques of submarine cables
04:25 Dominant players in the communication cable industry
04:50 GAFAM hegemony
06:55 Geopolitical issues between China and the United States
08:18 Underwater cables and spying
09:40 Protection and vulnerabilities of underwater infrastructures
10:22 China-Taiwan tensions
11:07 Elon Musk and the death of cables?
11:46 2Africa: The longest submarine cable in the world
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