Greatest miracle, I think more than 70% viewer of this channel is from india.

Indian parents are obsessed about making their kids be obsessed about Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and Biology. While Pakistani parents teach their kids about enmity with the Hindus the cruel and violent heroes that invaded and looted India for hundreds of years. Both the societies are moving in their own respective directions and the parents have played absolutely fundamental roles in both the countries and societies.

Islam is religion of follower,we Indians are seeker.

you wanna assess Modi's push for science and tech? Look at the funding for Quantum Computing in Modi's tenure. Number of IITs/Aiims opened under him. Space launches. Vaccine development. Forensics University, e-mobility, chip development. World will witness India's leap this decade. Brace yourself :)

Do you know, when Dr. T.M.A. Pai started Kasturba Medical College in Manipal, he went all over the World and brought best Indian Doctors teaching there and offered them salary and facilities they wanted. There were more than 30 FRCS and other highly qualified Doctors serving in hospital and teaching in College in 1960s...Today Manipal institutions are well known all over the World because of their alumnus.

There is world class research going on in TIFR( Tata Institute of fundamental research). Student TIFR me jaane keliye 2-2 saal study krte hai.. Entrance exam keliye..one of the toughest exam in the world...TIFR, BARC, IISER, IISC waha ke scientist jab kisi events me aate hai tab alag hi atmosphere hota hai..unki knowledge, personality impressive hoti hai

Hoodbhoi sahib no one in India undermine contribution of Nehru but you seems to be prejudiced towards Modi due to Hindu Muslim issues. Please study BJP/ Modi govt push for science and technology and then make your opinion. Hinduism is not anti science which you people call myths but attitude is clear that Hindus want to learn science.

The founding of the Indian Institutes of Technology and the All India Institute of Medical Sciences too had nothing to do with Jawaharlal Nehru. While the IITs had their genesis in the N.M. Sircar Committee report of 1945, Nehru’s indifference towards setting up medical institutes was captured in an exchange between Dr Mookerjee and N.G. Ranga in the Constituent Assembly. When Dr Mookerjee mentioned that a committee under the chairmanship of Dr Arcot Lakshmanaswami Mudaliar had been set up to establish an All India Medical Institute, N.G. Ranga highlighted Nehru’s statement opposing the All India Medical Institute in Delhi on the grounds that the housing problem had to be solved first. This was of course standard rhetoric on the part of Nehru. His pro-Soviet leanings came to the fore time and again, including in the infamous Avadi Resolution of the Indian National Congress calling for the imposition of the “socialistic pattern of society” on India and the Second Five Year Plan, which focused on his effort to transform India into a communist economy on the lines of the Soviet Union. According to this plan, production in both the agricultural and manufacturing sectors would be converted into large-scale factories under the monopolistic control of the government, and the entire population would be dehumanised and converted into cogs in the wheels of the massive government machinery, with the workers given just enough to lead subsistence lifestyles. A chosen few including Nehru himself, his family members, and his friends would be declared intellectuals and thinkers, and they would be the only ones who led lives of luxury, occupied top government positions, and controlled the resources of the country. They would also be awarded titles and honorary degrees in the same way that members of the class which came to be known as the “nomenklatura” in the Soviet Union were awarded titles, while the rest of the population would appreciate and applaud them, and even hero-worship them and their statues placed strategically around the country. In reality, it was through the vision and effort of Arcot Ramaswami Mudaliar that the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research came into existence in 1940 and it was Dr Syama Prasad Mookerjee who built it up. Nehru had no part to play in it and his name got attached to CSIR as the nominal president by virtue of him becoming the Prime Minister of India. During this period, Nehru explained his lack of contribution: “The members of the governing body will appreciate that it is difficult for me to devote much time to many aspects of the work of the Council… For the present, Dr Syama Prasad Mookerjee will, however, look after the day-to-day routine work of the Council.” A number of laboratories were set up by Dr Mookerjee, including the National Physical Laboratory, National Chemical Laboratory, National Metallurgical Laboratory, Fuel Research Institute, Ceramics Research Institute, Central Leather Research Institute, and the Central Electro Chemical Research Institute. It was during Dr Mookerjee’s tenure that plans had also been made for the integration of Pykara, Mettur, Shimoga and Sivasamudram as one electrical grid. By the 1940s, India already had the infrastructure for supporting scientific activities and India’s Hindu civilisation had generated many scientific ideas and scientists over thousands of years. Institutes like the Banaras Hindu University which was founded by Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya, the Indian Institute of Science, the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science which had been founded in 1876, the core of Indian Statistical Institute, and the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, all pre-dated Nehru’s time in office, but Nehru and his supporters have taken credit for the creation of these establishments. Among the public sector units, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited had been set up by Walchand Hirachand as a private business and it supplied state-of-the-art aircraft to Britain for its war efforts, but it rapidly deteriorated after the Nehru government started managing it.

India has got Abdul Kalam , a Muslim who is our father of nuclear science .How is it that a Muslim in India could build while in Pakistan we still struggle . Is it because of education.

All ponts are valid but the bias against India and today's government is quite surprising and sounds completely misinformed. Expected a more f=informed view from the Professor

India’s economy has gone from 0.2 trillion to 3 trillion in 20 years and is projected to go to 6 trillion in next 5, yet India apparently is going backwards.

Correction Mr Hoodboy India clocked $251 Billion IT export in the last financial year (may2021-may2022) ..India clocked $148 Billion in 2014..Now it's $251 Billion... Hope you update yoself.. Thank You

We owe Dr Hood for giving us our history of failure in science and how to remedy it great appreciation for him

India including Pakistan had the richest economy in the world. The guest was wrong India had nothing before the industrial revolution. It is the brutal colonisation which made Europe rich and strong.

The black hole program is the first step towards the betterment and well-being of Pakistani nation on all levels. Let's leave dead with dead and start a new life with dignity and grace. Ty ❤

Such an interesting topic. Thanks to both brilliant minds.

I am listening to your channel. In this lecture I liked the question raised by the gentle lady on positive thinking and implementation. Enlightened knowledge and human values will take the country for the good of the people of country and the world. Best of wishes.

Ì am à graduate of the N.E.D. Govt. Engg. College, Batch 1975-76. Some years back I was talking to a sitting VC of NED UET. My point was , NED was producing engineers with scant knowledge of basic engineering which is the result of specialization at the freshman year. The VC agreed with me however stated that it was not in his powers to dismantle the 25 Nawabs (read: Department Chairman)

Hoodbhoi, the more I listen to you, the more I admire you for the composure despite the volcano of frustrations ...all round - be it science ,history , politics,technology etc. I also feel sorry for the people and rulers of Pakistan not being able to use you !

When d world has revolutionised with science n technology...a typical country called Pakistan is discussing abt necessity of science n that too after 75 yrs of independence....😃

Only Mody and perhaps Yogi will help us. Nobody else will.

Recently, I happened to be checking Pakistan's Civil Service Examination Question Papers (CSS). I couldn't stop myself but laugh at the standard of the questions. Don't get me wrong but even 9th-10th standard students can absolutely ace the exams like CSS in Pakistan. And we all have checked history books pehle hi, how propagandist it looks. I know a person in Pakistan who's using Indian KZfaq channels amd Websites for his medical studies.

How can they assume we are going backwads even all things improved....they hated congress too to begin with

India DNA with MATHEMATICS, AYURVEDA AND ASTRO PHYSICS.

Assalam Alaykum. Mr. Pervez Hoodbhoy you right. I can feel genuine pain in your talks when you speak about the decline of this We people. I really love you and have a great respect for your work for this country. Rashed Nadeem

Sir you people don't have any right to speak about India going away from so called secularism, since your country is made on the basis of majhab...expect others to remain so called your secular... Hyoocracy

Pakistan has been happy with Nehru and Congress party because they had a soft attitude towards them . Now they are feelings heat so all these years of India going backwards.

It's always a pleasure to listen to Sir Nadeem ul Haque. At the same time i think Dr. Hoodbuoy's opinions are more based on history instead of the current situations. An avid listener from India.

Very rightly said by Doctor Saheb- Nakal ke liye bhi Akal ki darkar hoti hai.

I have become addicted to watching this channel. One big thing that I miss is a discussion on private schools and colleges in the country. Please arrange some sittings on this topic.

The difference between intellectual people and politicians from Pakistan and India is, we in India ,our people and politicians are discussing where we reached or what we have achieved in 75 years and what has to be done going forward. And you all are discussing only the past what went wrong

Its laughable to hear India is going back. Kindly look into facts , data and then decide yourself. One clue... start with number of IITs, IIMs in recent years India is growing in all the areas. And, one more thing... India is not growing because of secularism. India is growing because of the mindset of all Indians. We were at the top before muzlim , British colonization (who loterally looted us). We are heading towards that post again. One example. Our economy has now the 5th surpassing England who had ruled (literally sucked Indian blood) us. It has nothing to do with secularism. It's purely the mindset. We feel proud being called as Indians with valid .reasons Thank you.

Honorable professors, India was a secular country thousands of years before the word secularism was invented. The disliking of Nehru is not for his secularism or for his scientific temper (in fact more medical, engineering colleges: IITs IIMs and IISCs have come up recently than before). The disliking of Nehru are for his wrong policies. 1) Firstly he took the Kashmir issue to UNO instead of using military force to solve the problem. Kashmir is an open ulcer for India for last 75 years. 2) Secondly,his blind love towards China had led to the military defeat that the country has suffered. It is a humiliation that hurts us even after 5 decades. 3) Thirdly that his mixed economy , public sector enterprises, Socialism,killing of private entrepreneurship ,that have made India a poor country for nearly 6 decades . 4) His pseudo secularism has created more dicord than respect among the faiths. These are the reasons for people's disliking of Nehru, not what you presume sir.

I think it's religious Hindus practices individualism like europeans or western countries which means nobody simply guide them controlling using religion hinduism doesnt function as organization except recent rss so each people make their own choices so it makes them grow

Black Hole is a good self evaluation

Amazing discussion❤

"Umeed ki Kiran ke sewa kuch nahi yahan, Ìss gharr mien roshni ka yehi intezam hai.". Muazrat ķe sathp

Such a fine mind is talking and hardly any one in the room. You deserve better

Our priorities can be seen in this comment section....90% comments are from India.

I face two issues. I graduated from a private college in Lahore as a Radio and television technician. The standard of education was we didn't have any basic equipment and Instruments in our college like a Soldering iron, Multimeter, Signal Generator, Let alone oscilloscope or pattern generator. Not only that we did have a TV or Radio. So you can imagine what we have learned. Fortunately, I got an opportunity to go to RMIT in Melbourne. They had a multiple number of each instrument Including a satellite finder. Technically CPEC's is to increase the share price of the Bank of China. The person who was raising this issue has become a prisoner no 804. Colonisation has never ended in Pakistan it's just a shift.

One n the only Hoodbuoy

This channel intend to enlighten Pakistani's about state of affair and education in their country but 90 % views are from India despite strong urdu words used by speakers.

It's a myth that Muslims ruled over Hindus but Mughals never ruled all of India. Majority of kingdoms belonged to Hindu kings. It's a different matter that few Hindu kings had treaty with Mughals...

I really enjoy black hole.

Nice discussion.... Pakistan need to understand his identity Indus civilization

Ye dekh kar kafi kharab lag raha h ki itne educated log kisi topic ko discuss kar rahe h aur bahut hi kam audiance aayi h lecture ko attend karne ke liye. Very sad for society of Pakistan

Pakistan ke crore of youtube channels hai but i only watch this channel in a regular basis and learn from it

Parvez Hoodbhoy the likes of you are what is keeping Pakistan from becoming another Afghanistan god bless you my good man weather you believe in him or not.

Why suparco is headed by army personnel?

Ek hi rasta hai Aasmani Kitab se dhayan hata kar Jameen ki Kitab padhne pe dhyan do..

BJP & current dispensation is against nehru on his Kashmir and Tibet policies, which is hurting India till now, secularism does not mean appeasement of muslims & demeaning hindus

Only 2 ladies in this gathering?

Prof Hoodbhoy has gotten into a mindset which compels him to deliberately downplay positive stats about India! I follow him closely so I have observed this unmistakable trend. India's IT exports have crossed $200 billion but Prof. Hoodbhoy has brought that down to $130 billion. In some of his other talks, he would quote a figure around $145 to $148 billion. For a learned man like him, this downplaying of India's stats and achievements is a sad reflection on his current mindset. Plus his new found love for diatribe against India and wanton misrepresentation of the good work India is doing in Kashmir. Seems Prof. Hoodbhoy is under serious ISI influence. No doubt! And his love for Congress is not hidden either. Nehru did not start every institute in India. Please stop spreading misinformation Prof Hoodbhoy! TIFR was started by Jenhangir Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata. By all global statistics and visible empirical evidence, India is progressing on all fronts and in the last 10 years, India has moved rapidly to become the 5th largest economy in the world pushing UK to the 6th spot. India has just taken over the leadership of G20 and the Wassenaar Forum. Prof Hoodbhoy...you are a Hindu hating India hating old man. I pity your degeneration.

Well said no one game changer of anyone. You are only game changer of yourself .. but in sense of Pakistan it’s mean’s government and media hide the truth of cpec … media and government always said cpec is game changer of Pakistan

Interesting to hear from supposedly very learned academics that India is now going back i.e. regressing instead of progressing……. are they blind to India’s humongous progress in the last 8 years of Modi / BJP / RSS ? It depicts a mindset BLOCK…….and a narrow, tunnel view!!

One reason why the Hindus progressed in the sciences is also because the Brahmins of the subcontinent have the cultural wealth and learning traditions of millennia. Most, but not all, of the top scientists have been brahmins - C V Raman, his nephew S Chandrashekhar, Venki Ramakrishnan are Nobel laureates of Brahmin origin. You can add S Ramanujan, JC Bose and Satyendranath Bose to this list of scientists from the Brahmin community. Of course there have been non Brahmins too - Homi Bhabha for instance. You won't get many eminent scientists in the so called "martial communities" or in the business classes and the downtrodden. If the thrust in martial and business communities is in non academic directions then it needs aptitude , talent and tons of determination to change course. The poor downtrodden are denied even basic education by the cruel caste system though the situation is getting better. Even among Brahmins the vast majority are stuck in rituals and non academic pursuits in spite of the advantage they have. So I'm not saying that Brahmins are superior to the other castes but the cultural baggage one gets from one's family helps a lot. Add to this the building of scientific institutions in India post 1947.

Pervez har koi nahi ban sakta. Kitne cool Hain dusre gentleman apni tareef karne mein jiaada masroof hain. Jese ke wo keh rahe mere paas USA mein self drive car hai etc 😂😂😂😂😂😂

1:32:04 CPEC se kafi umeeden theen, waise toh umeeden kafi Imran Khan se bhi theen!!

People who get rich from real estate are usually goons who have political connections. Such rich people can not be expected to contribute to philanthropy and science. Other industrialists appreciate the contribution of science and engineering and such people donate money for scientific research.

GHQ se SUMMARY AA Gayi ?

Nehru ki policy he sab bada harkat kar diya iska Main credit to Lal Bahadur Shastri P.V Narshima rao Atal Bihari and now Narendra Modi ko jaata hai..Unhone door ka vision rakha Agar Manmohan singh ko free hand diya jata to ye or aage jatein.. Aisi sarkar agar 40 se 50 saal pehle hota to sayad abhi hum America or china ko replace kar diye hote..Par koi nahi der save India on track hope next 20 to 30 years we chased him..

1:15:37 you talked abouts learning it is started in haryana state in india....all government schools....tablets are given to all students for free.....teacher only sit in class and go ....he do nothing 😂😂😂😂....

Root cause is islam

Aap jese intellectuals ko ek term me define kiya jata hai. "Andho me kana Raja"

17:23😂😂 woh bhi ab piche jaarhe hain. 😂 Itne andhe mat bano pakistaniyon

Islamic Invaders have destroyed many universities Nalanda,Taxila

we dont like nehru only for geopolitical and socialist policy failures, other than that we are well aware what science means to a country, every year we are adding new iits aiims

Very good discussion 👍🏻

@52:55 .....the lack of scientific inquiry is what Dr Hoodbhoy was alluding to when he seeks answers from school kids 'what would they want to be?' This is not a Pakistani problem, its a question to be posed t0 the entire Muslim faith followers. Islam has made tremendous contribution in various fields uptil a point a time. The evidence is most prominently reflected in the architecture. Madrassas were a institutions of learning where all subjects like Mathematics, Science, Astronomy, Geography including religious studies was being taught. Ulu Begh from present day Uzbekistan is considered the Father of Astronomy. From there how it all was reduced to a laser focus on the practice of religion which basically destroy young fledglings minds to female oppresssion, to create enemies among those who do not follow Islam etc etc.is for the people of Pakistan to introspect and understand. Probably the answer lies somewhere there.

You are talent ko bi religion add kar diya super

Even after 75 years, if the person talks everyday about the day of his marriage, is actually unhappy and dissatisfied of it and keep regretting through out life! Pakistan is in this situation! Creation of Pakistan satisfied only the self interest of Britain🇬🇧 and some muslims of the erstwhile India🇮🇳, for which a subcontinent was divided and millions lost lives and livelihood. Very unfortunate! Now that years passed by and humanity learned lessons of religious follies, we're capable to turn around the destiny of our people. Accepting this fact in principle leads to success half way. Let our talks and thoughts encourage this process so that the day is not far we see the old great Indian boundaries are reestablished and our common history of over 7,000 years is again celebrated.

Sir i have read some of the chapters from pak textbook of physics i can say the level of questions are very low even not compatible to our NCERT And explanation is also not enough I think sir they should see the question of IIT🇮🇳and MIT🇺🇲 Then You can easily understand the difference

Academic electronic books … a kindle for students … ??

Pleased to hear that Hudbuoy sir believes in next birth as desire to take rebirth in a different country.

Why we didn’t talk about PCSIR AND ITS SUCCESS AND FAILURES

hahah I like tht like that india peche ja raha hai...your love for india is epic :) ..Change of ideology is not going back.

Pervez sir, pehle observation hua aur chize banayi gayi aur baad me uspar scientific theories aur mathematics develop hua

Me chahunga,, agale janam me me yha nhi khi aur peda ho jau--pro.Pervez hoodbhoy.wah.

Increase in industries and info tech based companies, drive the rise in need based research and skill based education. Pak talking about atomic and space research, then competing with India, can not be a priority now. Chinese are certainly leading Pak to fate of SL. Can anyone ever repay these loans ?

Hoodboy says While Hindus prioritised education, all Kinds from 1770 , Muslims stayed away . Its only Sir Syed who pushed ONLY Ashrafis towards Modern education. But all those Educated scholars from 1770s to 1940s, majority of them would have supported BJP Modi ... People who support science also support Modi ...

While credit for instilling a scientific temper in India can be attributed to Nehru, the seed was put in the ground by the late Jamshetjee Tata with the setting up of the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore.

Nehru is criticise for his socialist policies & appeasement politics , also for his foreign policy ! No one can deny his contribution , like starting India's space program & stablishing IIT s & IIM s!

اپنی فیملی میں سب سے کم پڑھا لکھا میں میرے پاس صرف میٹرک کی صنعت ہے جبکہ گھر میں کچھ لوگ Pide سے بھی پڑھ کر آۓ ہیں۔ مگر تکلیف اور دکھ کی بات یہ ہے کہ 8 لوگوں میں سے میرے سمیت صرف 2 لوگ ہیں جو Pide کہ ویبینار اٹینڈ کرتے ہیں اور بلیک ہول اپنا مستقبل تلاش کرتا ہوں۔ہالانکہ میں 42 سال کی عمر میں ایک کامیاب بزنس مین ہوں اور کاروباری مصروفیات بھی انتہا کی ہیں مگر پھر بھی میں یہ سمجھتا ہوں کہ مجھے رہنمائی کی ضرورت ہے۔

आप अभी तक ये तय नहीँ कर पाये कि धरती सूरज के गिर्द घूम रही है या सुरज धरती के गिर्द घूम रहा है?

Nehru promoted an agnostic way of secularism unlike Gandhi and even Badshah Khan. The dislike for Nehru stems from this aspect, where Nehru made Hindus feel apologetic about their religion. Also, Hinduism does not conflict with study of science and mathematics. So, it is a wishful thinking on the part of these leftists that because a right leaning party is in power in India, Science will suffer. There is no evidence of it on the ground. Dr. Hoodbhoy remove your anti BJP colored glasses and look at things objectively please. Hinduism encourages open thought and inquisitiveness; Hindusim is always open for reforms and adaptation with the changing times.

Missile man of India APJ Abdul Kalam 🥶🥶👿also India 11th president

Eak line bol ke nehru ko credit de deya Sir please read who made bharat institutions nehru gandhi jinhha bas aegraj ke dala tha jinhona mil ke 15lakh logo ko marwaya or barbad kiya sach bolna kab shikhe ge hum log

Exchange of population should be implemented in the first step. All Muslims of India should leave India and go to Pakistan and Bangladesh, and in exchange all non-Muslims of Pakistan and Bangladesh should come to India. After that, line of control in Kashmir should be converted to the International Border. This is the only solution for the Kashmir problem and everyother problem. India's problem was created by Nehru and Ambedkar who wanted to forget the basic fact that the country was partitioned on the basis of religion and after the partition, no Muslims should stay in India.

I think only Indians viewing this cannels and Muslims mostly go to Islamic scholars Jannat speeches

Indian economy in 2014 1.7 trillion today 3.4 modi ke 8 years me double 2026 me 4.5-5 trillion lekin modi ne ke wajah se india piche ja raha he ? Modi build more AIIMS aur sabse jyada medical colleges modi ke waqt Bane he rail infrastructure dedicated freight corridor road infrastructure electronics mobles ka production digitalisation sb modi ke waqt hi hua he Foreign Direct Investment dekho energy policies sir aap intellectuals he thoda research karke bola kare sabse kam communal violence dange modi ke period me hue he reasearch kro modi ka 1 statement dikha do anti muslim and Islam Pakistan ke leaders ke taraha modi hr chij me religion nhi Lata match jiti toh Islam ki jit kafir haar gaye aapke leaders ki statement he ye sb isse pata chalta he ki kitna hindu hatered he aapke yaha yaha muslims ka genocide ho raha he toh kitne muslims refugee aaye Pakistan or Bangladesh ya indian muslims bhi Pakistan ko worst place mante he hr saal kitne Pakistani Hindus india aate he ye dekh lo india me muslims pr julm ho raha he lekin rohingya ko bhi india hibaana he aur bangladeshi muslims ko bhi india me aana he bhag ke aur indian hindubkitna bhi radical ho jaye na fir bhi human bomb banke fatega nhi aur terrorist banke religion ke naam pr terrorism nhi karega

Pervez bhai, you need to study more about BJP and what is actually happening in India. When you speak about BJP, it seems your knowledge is based upon propaganda or leftist channel's reporting. Topics that may excite you: 1. Stand up, startup and Digital India. Do study about these Modi initiatives and vision behind it 2. Look at Isro funding after BJP came to power 3. Study about government's policy about AI, Quantum computing, semiconductor etc. Refer to Niti Aayog for more details 4. Alternate fuel and Solar policy and dramatic shift after 2014 5. Check out R&D budget trend of all government owned orgs in the last 8 yrs. It's such a strange situation where someone so learned as you makes statements based upon speculations and propaganda news. Given the huge fan following in India, we expect you to be more intune with what's happening in the country

Keep yourself updated... India is moving at much faster pace now than nehru's congress party.... IT export FY 21 178 billion.... If you enlighten yourself unbiasedly there are lot of books on nehru's Blu nders.... Due to which we are still suffering... One of that is he allowed Muslims to stay in India

मुझे खेद है कि प्रोफेसर साहेब , प्रोफेसर अबद्दस्सलाम को मुसलमान कह कर फिर पलटना पड़ा और उन्हे एक्स मुस्लिम बोलना पड़ा।

Sab soh rahe hai

Is it conversation on science and tech or India, Hindu, Modi BJP hatred conversation. I LOST THE RESPECT ON YOU, DR. PERVEZ HOODBHOY

I knew Pervez Hoodbhoy in Karachi Grammar, a brilliant student with an exceptionally high IQ. Too bad he decided to stay in Pakistan with little or no opportunity for scientific research and no respect for talent. Only if he had stay abroad after MIT and perhaps progressed Dr Abdus Salam's work, he himself had the potential to be a Nobel laureate! Since the Islamists showed up the country went to the dogs and, BTW, they hate him for his progressive views. Sad story, such a wasted talent.

Woh local muslims ne rule nai kea tha woh Turk aur Mughal the aur muslim rule kabhi puri india mei nahi tha aur sirf 350 saal tha na ki 700 saal

Dr Abdul Salam had taken Matriculation certificate from India and his base line from Indian soil.

arrey tumhe Allah Allah karne se fursat mile tau hi tum science padogey na....duniya kafir hey...humara din sabse accha...isi mein uljhe raho

Please save this podcast. 50 years from now someone from pakistan will be caught saying india under Modi was behat advanced and the then india is not so. For ask pakistanis who lived between 1947 to 1964 for they would have ridiculed nehru like wise.