These Chips Are Better Than CPUs (ASICs and FPGAs)

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2 жыл бұрын

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Learn about ASICs and FPGAs, and why they're often more powerful than regular processors.
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Пікірлер: 537

@luisernestofdez6518 2 жыл бұрын

FPGAs so great at doing everything, they dont do anything out of the box

@saricubra2867 2 жыл бұрын

That's why they AREN'T better than x86 based CPUs. Clickbait title for the video

@ZaPpaul 2 жыл бұрын

@@saricubra2867 That depends on what x86 cpu you are talking about. There is an x86 core that performs pretty well.

@hjups 2 жыл бұрын

They're not great at doing everything, just often better than doing it in software. The only thing a FPGA does better than an ASIC is take less time to develop, cost less in small quantities, and be reconfigurable.

@saricubra2867 2 жыл бұрын

@@ZaPpaul Every x86 based equivalent and more powerful than Intel's Haswell.

@ZaPpaul 2 жыл бұрын

@@saricubra2867 There will be an FPGA able to recreate the latest and greatest intel CPUs and faster. They are just not available yet. By then of course the newer CPU's will be faster. The point is FPGA are incredibly versatile and have lots of uses. One day all CPU's will be on FPGA type silicon. It's the future for sure.

@theairaccumulator7144 2 жыл бұрын

The chips inside cheap toys are usually tiny micro controllers that are burned with a program from the factory.

@hubertnnn 2 жыл бұрын

That is more or less the definition of asic

@Donnirononon 2 жыл бұрын

You mean flashed rather than burned perhaps?

@Donnirononon 2 жыл бұрын

@@hubertnnn No, ASIC is hardwired. A lot of toys are not hardwired but actually ESP/Arduino/Microcontroller running C code or something small like micro python. This is true to a lot of smart devices and toys that go beyond the cost of a simple PCB and IC.

@ern0plus4 2 жыл бұрын

@@hubertnnn No, ASICs (and FPGAs) are wired (and "programmed"/burned) to do some functions, microcontrollers runs software to do so, the function is implemented as software, it's a program. Processors and microcontrollers are special, large ASICs, wired to able to run machine code program. Cheap toys don't require full-hardware speed (implemented as ASIC or FPGA), a slow (compated to desktop processors) microcontroller can do the job by running program, which performs the function.

@vincentstragier6628 2 жыл бұрын

@@hubertnnn an ASIC is not running code, unlike a microprocessor. It is (like a microprocessor) a bundle of electronic circuits, but they are designed for a specific application (Application Specific Integrated Circuit). Building an ASIC is more difficult than programming an application on a microprocessor, but it has advantages (speed, efficiency, etc.).

@SirChaddington 2 жыл бұрын

I work in a cyber security company that uses FPGAs 😃, we use them to monitor network traffic at rates of hundreds of GB/s.

@kedharguhan 2 жыл бұрын

Which FPGAs are those ! I always thought fpgas don’t exceed MHz range

@SirChaddington 2 жыл бұрын

@@kedharguhan We mostly use Intel Stratix 10 FPGAs

@harrkev 2 жыл бұрын

@@kedharguhan Most modern FPGAs have a SERDES built in. so even 10 GB data will come in as a parallel stream, but much more slowly. Also, the data is likely coming in over multiple ports, and each port can afford to have its own dedicated logic (assuming that the FPGA is big enough). And the FPGA, like pretty much everything else, has gotten faster. But even hundreds of MHz should be enough to keep up with 10 GHz serial data.

@CyanoSP 2 жыл бұрын

I meant serdes, my phone doesn't like that one

@albertsun3393 2 жыл бұрын

@@harrkev Scalability was what I always loved about FPGAs (especially for logic like this which doesn't require much arbitration or interaction between design units) - you instantiate ten units within a FPGA, then if that's not enough you get a larger FPGA and instantiate a hundred of them! It really makes anything that can take advantage of parallel compute so much easier to deal with.

@damonstr 2 жыл бұрын

As an FPGA engineer, this video was surprisingly good.

@larrimus4309 2 жыл бұрын

One thing I wish he would have mentioned is how difficult FPGA's can be to program. Unless you have a very simple program, you'll have to break your program into at least a hundred different files to program it for an FPGA.

@iz723 2 жыл бұрын

@@larrimus4309 unless you get a myRIO and use labview

@atif1538 2 жыл бұрын

@@larrimus4309 what kind of programming languages do they use?

@mwniels 2 жыл бұрын

@@atif1538 they are called hardware description languages (hdl). The most common languages are verilog (or systemverilog) and vhdl. Most commercial companies use verilog whereas anything defense or government related uses vhdl.

@atif1538 2 жыл бұрын

@@mwniels aight thanks

@dennisfahey2379 2 жыл бұрын

ASICs are fully optimized and dedicated logic. You get exactly what you want and not a gate more. It's not changeable but the fastest performance that can be achieved. (GPU's are ASICs.) FPGA are made of arrays of programmable blocks of logic, some of which you may not need for a specific function. They are slower and wasteful but for prototyping very nice. Many vendors have macro functions in their chips as well so you can just connect up to say a multiplier and not consume logic to make your own. Note that so much has been done on FPGAs that the libraries of completed designs are really valuable. This is why Intel bought Altera and AMD Xilinx. If you are doing System on a Chip - you just bought all anyone could ever ask for. When large ASICs are developed some teams take the course of buying or making an Asic Emulator. This is an array of FPGA's interconnected. You then take the ASIC's logic and partition it across the FPGA's. This gives you an accurate representation to run the design on to prove it functions before you spend millions building it. Note the emulator rarely runs at full speed but its a hell of a lot better than a running software simulation of a massive chip which can take a very long time. (Which is lost market opportunity.) You tend to find the tough bugs far faster. And of course the emulator can be used over and over again with fresh reloads of other unrelated efforts.

@fredbarfson2624 2 жыл бұрын

incorrect

@dennisfahey2379 2 жыл бұрын

@@fredbarfson2624 - Elaborate...

@wtftwitter8225 2 жыл бұрын

Yup most EDA is done on FPGAS. Billions of gates are emulated on large SOC and GPU designs. The debugging these emulators give saves manufacturers billions.

@dennisfahey2379 2 жыл бұрын

@@wtftwitter8225 - Yup - this has been part of my career. I recall one beast of an emulator we built from the ground up with 96 FPGAs found 60+ "corner case" really tough design flaws in less than a week. This would have taken 4 to 6 months with just the software based approach. The system was so successful the design was cost reduced (usually a version 2.0 post release phase) on the fly yielding substantial margin gains. I would not do a complex design any other way. This was for one of the largest ASICs TSMC had ever fabbed. Needless to say, I'm sold. And the fact that 8 months later, when that chip was shipping, that same emulator was pivoted to an entirely different effort unrelated to the original market was remarkable. Some happy engineers there.

@gmourao 2 жыл бұрын

@@dennisfahey2379 just a troll.

@BenjaminWheeler0510 2 жыл бұрын

One major benefit to using an FPGA that Linus didn't mention is that they consume FAR less power than CPUs/GPUs. Accelerating a task like a ML core on an FPGA can meet/outperform a GPU at 1/10th the power draw. Also, depending on your design, they can perform orders of magnitude faster than software equivalent algorithms. Heterogenous systems are the future!

@saricubra2867 2 жыл бұрын

An FPGA could be programmed as an advanced floating point unit. I found modern x86 floating point perfomance from AMD and Intel very weak (need a lot of cycles) , that's why Apple M1 lineup is so poweful despite running at 3.2GHz thanks to the powerful floating point, that's why it has been a huge sucess for music producers, sound designers, editors...

@hubertnnn 2 жыл бұрын

@@saricubra2867 The issue with floating point calculation is that it is very hard to do and almost never used (until it does) in a PC, so a CPU usually have just one floating point unit shared between multiple cores.

@hjups 2 жыл бұрын

@@saricubra2867 Do you happen to know why x86 floating point performance is weak? Is it in applications using SSE or x87? If it's x87, you should be using SSE (the x87 stack is a huge performance killer, especially in modern OoO CPUs). Comparably speaking, an x86 CPU is far better at the actual FP uOPs than a FPGA. Most of the time, you want to avoid FP on a FPGA and instead used fixed point, because FP takes up a lot of hardware resources and cycles comparable speaking. The major benefit though, is that you can chain the execution graph together in a FPGA to be purely pipelined if you have a regular workload (which is the case for filters and synthesizers in sound - digital signal processing). I would imagine that most sound DSP applications use fixed point though.

@AGuy-vq9qp 2 жыл бұрын

@@saricubra2867 aww... The intel fanboy grew up into an apple fanboy!

@monsterhunter445 2 жыл бұрын

Thats kind of obvious if they do one specific task it's possible to optimize hence waste less energy. Where as a general purpose computer can't optimize ahead similar to why consoles can perform better on games than PC do to optimizations ahead of time.

@ElToroLibre 2 жыл бұрын

As an FPGA Engineer it's incredibly exciting to hear FPGAs being talked about! Also, in some cases for ML applications FPGAs are being skipped over in favour of AI Accelerators (TPU, GroqChip, Cerebras, SambaNova, etc) in order to replace clusters of GPUs.

@ghostmexi007 2 жыл бұрын

Arent fpga chip used widely for plc aren't they?

@ElToroLibre 2 жыл бұрын

@@ghostmexi007 From my limited understanding of PLCs they are highly specialised devices and are not FPGAs, but are actually microprocessors that execute Ladder Logic programs. They can have large amount of dedicated I/O, ADCs, DACs, and different communication interfaces. Some PLCs may have some amount of switching fabric or some other kind of programmable glue logic, but I would not consider them to be true FPGAs.

@ghostmexi007 2 жыл бұрын

@@ElToroLibre interesting thought they would be consider an FPGA seeing them as reprogramable cpus and the integrated logic circuit by the nature of the definition of an fpga well thanks for sharing this knowledge

@RamyWarda 2 жыл бұрын

What you do is really cool. I'm going on an FPGA/verilog rabbit hole after reading these comments from FPGA engineers. Starting to regret my BS in infotech... haha

@ElToroLibre 2 жыл бұрын

@@RamyWarda This is still something you can do as a hobby! Depending on your experience you could start with SystemVerilog (as this is supposed to be closest to C) and a cheap development board, a number of them are well supported with lots of example projects to learn from. Some of them have displays, USB, buttons/switches, GPIO pins, VGA, HDMI or other audio/video output, etc. Even LTT have done videos of FPGAs used as retro game emulators! (Look for: "The Best Way To Play Retro Games?" by ShortCircuit). If you're feeling brave after learning a little bit about FPGAs you will have a great foundation to dive deeper into designing ASICs :D

@ralfpardatscher6466 2 жыл бұрын

"You can think of them as Lego blocks, once you put them together they stay that way but you can always take them apart and put them back together and make something completely different" Linus never had these flat small lego blocks that were impossible to take apart after u stacked them.

@NoNameAtAll2 2 жыл бұрын

that's lenovo burned-to-never-work cpus

@crayzeape2230 2 жыл бұрын

That's the very point where Linus got it wrong though, FPGA's don't "stay that way", they forget their configuration every time they are powered down. They load their bitstream from a configuration ROM every time they are powered up.

@robspiess 2 жыл бұрын

Somebody needs to purchase a "LEGO brick separator" tool. :)

@Dreddy72 2 жыл бұрын

@@robspiess those still dont do much for stubborn 1x2 stacked plates.

@Kelble 2 жыл бұрын

As an FPGA Engineer myself specializing in VHDL, I always find it soo cool to be a topic of discussion in your videos!

@nashs.4206 2 жыл бұрын

I took an FPGA class in my school and we used Xilinx Vivado as the IDE. If that class taught me anything, it is to respect you FPGA engineers because oh man, I had such a hard time dealing with Vivado haha.

@Kelble 2 жыл бұрын

@@nashs.4206 that’s what we work with 😉

@Schulzenberger 2 жыл бұрын

@@nashs.4206 Vivado taught me what the word frustration really means

@nashs.4206 2 жыл бұрын

@@Schulzenberger Haha 100% The number of times where I literally made NO changes, and yet when I regenerate the bitstream and load the code to my FPGA and somehow it works is mind-boggling lol. I genuinely wonder how any hardware designed in Vivado works at all!

@benjib2691 2 жыл бұрын

@@nashs.4206 I never used Vivado but I used Quartus Prime, and it's the same thing. The core program works rather well, but the simulator Modelsim is broken. It crashes randomly, which is kind of frustrating when editing code.

@jajssblue 2 жыл бұрын

Great video, but would've been awesome to mention the time or frequency domains that each of these are capable of working in because that's a big difference.

2 жыл бұрын

There is also new types of gates to calculate AI with analog circuit. There are bunch of resistors and ADC convertors inside ASIC.

@LundBrandon 2 жыл бұрын

Currently making a generic cpu on an FPGA. Meaning it can be 16-, 32-, 64-, 128-, etc- bit. So I could theoretically have a 1 terabit or more cpu if the chip was big enough.

@awgmax 2 жыл бұрын

A good analogy would be, general CPUs are a toolbox, they can make many different products, and ASIC's are a production line, they make 1 product, but they make a lot of it , fast, and accurately.

@dennisfahey2379 2 жыл бұрын

And ASICs can go wide / parallel doing many things concurrently. Only multicore CPUs can process two threads in the same clock cycle. GPU's do many independent calculations in the same clock. This is what the CUDA cores are about - concurrency. This sort of loops back to LTT's recent analysis of the RTX3090 vs the CMP processor. They were related but not identical chips. If you were to look at the dataflow through each you would see custom lgic specifically added for graphics on one and AI on there other. Linus was spot on when he said the two markets had diverged AND could support independent chips due to the volume. The original NVIDIA Tesla's were really just relabelled GPU's with a manufacturing test mode plus API that flattened out that tremendous number crunching for general purpose vs graphics specifics. AI is getting really interesting in a similar way.

@Roxor128 2 жыл бұрын

And building on that analogy, and FPGA is a 3D printer. You can make many different things with it and you get some degree of automation, but they're better at making certain classes of objects than others.

@wraith_king 2 жыл бұрын

Super interesting to hear one of your favourite KZfaqrs talk about something you studie (embedded systems).

@harrysnell8971 2 жыл бұрын

Datacentre ML and consumer retro consoles is a fairly limited selection of what FPGAs are used for (and probably a limited section of the market too). They are used a lot for moving around lots of data, like in LTE towers or in high end cameras/video switches etc. They also get used for glue logic and controllers because their timing is very controllable

@savagepro9060 2 жыл бұрын

Linus: These chips are better than CPUs. Pringles: Of course! They're made of potatoes!

@katsudon2048 2 жыл бұрын

Mr chips from catchphrase

@NoNameAtAll2 2 жыл бұрын

@Larma Kana why linus' cleanup didn't work?

@gmourao 2 жыл бұрын

Hummm. Tech potatoes. Yeah, maybe he is behind this article

@alanhilder1883 2 жыл бұрын

Based on the semiconductor carbon as opposed to silicon... ;-)

@N0E3 2 жыл бұрын

I've been an FPGA Engineer for 10 years. They really are great chips. You can pretty much do whatever you want in one, it just depends on how much time and money you want to spend 😉

@pascal7947 2 жыл бұрын

Well FPGAs usually only have reconfigurable digital hardware, so everything analogue is in fixed parts like in a Microcontroller/SoC. Also chips for space or CERN need special considerations for radiation which make FPGAs unviable.

@ElToroLibre 2 жыл бұрын

@@pascal7947 Radiation hardened FPGAs do exist from manufacturers such as Xilinx and Microsemi, and they have been used in applications related to space and particle physics. In regards to analog design, there is also the less popular FPAA (Field Programmable Analog Array), which I have only come across once about a decade ago.

@dennisfahey2379 2 жыл бұрын

Spot on. They are inefficient, slower, hotter and more costly. Its an artifact of their versatility and preset chip layout. Still, for where they fit that are really useful. If the final product can handle the cost premium its a fine go to market choice.

@ChrisDreher 2 жыл бұрын

0:41 I am impressed that RISC-V got a mention. Cool!

@duglasspolding1380 Жыл бұрын

Thank you for the video, but I also wanted to hear more industrial applications of fpga except game consoles)

@acemasterx2514 2 жыл бұрын

One of the more impressive ASICs i know is a monitor screen Scaler. Time ago i was trying to repair a Monitor, i though maybe the fault was on the scaler chip circuit, so since i have some experience with microcontrollers i had the idea of replacing the scaler with one, but then after some research i realised it was impossible, the amount of information and the speed of processing was way beyond what a common microcontroler can do.

@NightMotorcyclist 2 жыл бұрын

Chips that do one thing really really well... brings back the promises of PhysX dedicated cards prior to nVidia's purchase.

@Liminal.Headspace 2 жыл бұрын

Still have one laying around. Ageia was ahead of their time and it ruined them.

@NightMotorcyclist 2 жыл бұрын

@@Liminal.Headspace I was so excited and tempted to buy one when they were released after seeing their booth at a tech show in NYC at the Javits Center (not sure why there hasn't been one since then and i'm talking long before the pandemic). Then the reviews came out and the lack of software that would make use of it just turned me off.

@Liminal.Headspace 2 жыл бұрын

@@NightMotorcyclist It was an absolute waste of money almost 15 years ago. PhysX itself never went far. Ray tracing is where things are at, hopefully it'll get cheaper and better by the year. An actual dedicated ray tracing unit would be better than cramming it in an overtaxed GPU.

@reguluscorneas6669 2 жыл бұрын

Thanks for these helpful informations LMG

@vladislavkaras491 Жыл бұрын

Thanks for such quick explanation!

@AttilaAsztalos 2 жыл бұрын

Well yes but actually no. FPGAs are simultaneously between ASICs and CPUs and also on the other side, past CPUs - yes, an FPGA might be used as simply a task-specific circuit (like an ASIC except reconfigurable to do something else), but the larger FPGAs are also complex enough to behave like a CPU, ANY CPU that fits within the resources they have; and in that sense, they are MORE general than a specific CPU. Not only can they run software like a CPU does, you get to choose WHICH CPU you want them to emulate.

@user-xj8qy9dj7t 2 жыл бұрын

Wow

@HokgiartoSaliem 2 жыл бұрын

Some camera like from Blackmagic also use FPGA and can be upgraded with more function in the feature. Them problem with minner is they really one if sometimes minning is not good, they just resell the device easly. ASIC is not easy to resell.

@Kattakam 2 жыл бұрын

Wonderful capability video, love it!

@jennh3598 9 ай бұрын

What are AG NG microchips and what do they do? Please and thank you

@CastleMisha 2 жыл бұрын

3:29 lol 🤣🤣😂 sounded like Linus has some electrical remanufacturing at that time stamp

@kyles8524 2 жыл бұрын

its funny how he talked about emulation consoles, I was about to say they can be programmed to run identical to the retro systems architecture

@saricubra2867 2 жыл бұрын

Modern day CPUs have insane IPC that FPGAs aren't needed. Taking Nintendo aside, current consoles are all x86 based

@kyles8524 2 жыл бұрын

@@saricubra2867 you still dont understand ,its not about the IPC, some games no matter what computer you use have issues with certain games games, especially certain graphical issues.thats what FGPA chips in these emulation consoles were used for. they are infact needed if you want true emulation, as for emulating it on another computer games run fine its just not always perfect.FPGA chips fix this. stuff with FPGA chips are also expensive and know people will pay the price for a true match for match emulation

@karehaqt 2 жыл бұрын

@@kyles8524 Software emulation can be just as good, people should stop shitting on it just because it's software.

@kyles8524 2 жыл бұрын

@@karehaqt FPGA chips just ensure accuracy ,most games run accurate but some dont because of the software emulation.Its all common knowledge when it comes to emulation

@Dwonis 2 жыл бұрын

Ooo, the Lego analogy is a good way to explain what an FPGA is. Nice!

@TomsLife9 Ай бұрын

3:30 the only thing I'd add is that FPGAs are not persistent, aka, they are volatile in that they need to be re-flashed if power is lost. Many FPGA boards will have a local non-volatile flash memory that automatically reprograms them on startup, or something more fancy like an MPSoC will use commands in the OS to reprogram

@AgentOrange96 2 жыл бұрын

3:35 With the caveat that they're volatile. If they lose power, they lose their programming. Generally they'll be paired with a ROM chip to program them on power-up. Since an FPGA doesn't emulate, but becomes the logic circuit you've built, you can turn an FPGA into a CPU if you want. (I've designed CPUs for FPGAs) But it's surreal because it's like, I have a CPU here! *unplugs it* and now that CPU is gone!

@ElToroLibre 2 жыл бұрын

If you don't want to lose your program, then Flash-based FPGAs don't have this problem!

@AgentOrange96 2 жыл бұрын

@@ElToroLibre Ooh! I didn't know about those! That's neat!

@MuddassirWadoodOfficial 2 жыл бұрын

Good Information 👍🏻

@detective_mitch_conner 2 жыл бұрын

Great script Jon!

@djtgeek2301 2 жыл бұрын

I hope we will have some fpgas on cpu or gpu in the futur: they cloud be reprogrammed on the fly to make à part of the code or librairies run faster

@nathanrussell2158 2 жыл бұрын

Love it when professor Linus shows up. These are my favorites.

@pandapolygon 2 жыл бұрын

spasti

@hydroxitan 2 жыл бұрын

@@pandapolygon Sowas sagt man nicht, Marcel.

@BThings 2 жыл бұрын

FPGAs could be a neat way to learn about historical computer systems. You could emulate gaming consoles, obviously, but I'm guessing you could also emulate other types of computers from history, like 8-bit PCs, or even early computers like the ENIAC or UNIVAC systems.

@SyazaniNazarudin 2 жыл бұрын

As FPGA Engineer, I glad FPGA is getting more attention in tech media.

@luijo633 2 жыл бұрын

Are the retro consoles having reviews on the main channel? it would be pretty cool

@samgray49 2 жыл бұрын

What's funny is the zilog z80 in the Sega Game Gear is called the 1 ASIC or 2 ASIC as the CPUs on them were very specialized

@mutchlouis9707 2 жыл бұрын

The secondary chip for gaming besides the SOC in iqoo9 pro is an Asic or an FPGA? I guessed FPGA but let me know if i am right.

@goliteyourworld6 2 жыл бұрын

This was quite informative.

@denvera1g1 2 жыл бұрын

This is like the difference between an all-in-one wireless routerswitchap, and a dedicated AP. I've got an all in one 2400Mbps, and a 1300Mbps AP, the 1300Mbps AP, with internal antennas, is about 8x faster than the all in one, but it can only do the one thing.

@robertsteel3563 2 жыл бұрын

0:05 Did Linus just burn himself, or...?

@acid_rain_bow_xd9312 2 жыл бұрын

I love how a ltt video gets a ad with Linus in it

@ronalerquinigoagurto555 4 ай бұрын

Next video should be about hls (high level synthesis) or how to port c code to fpga

@burningzombiez 2 жыл бұрын

Took me 35 hours of programing in Quartus (System Verilog HDL) to write a program that draws a line onto a DE1_SoC Development board (I'm studying Electrical Engineering in college). All of that work just to draw and clear a line onto a VGA output. Ugh that is the struggle with FPGA's they are a pain to code bc everything runs at the same time (unless you govern it by a clock, but still everything inside the always_ff @(posedge clk) still runs simultaneously.

@ElToroLibre 2 жыл бұрын

If you want your code to run sequentially you would use a state machine, really just a case statement in a clocked process. You could also use a counter and conditional statements inside a clocked process to decide when lines of code run. But really you do want as many functions as possible to run in parallel without being blocked or having to wait, so pipelining and dataflow is very important.

@efigueroap 2 жыл бұрын

Would you be kind enough to upload a video explaining current Nvidia and Radeon gpus naming / numbering convention?

@Slurkz 2 жыл бұрын

Great! Thanks guys! 💜

@Jeffmorgan83 2 жыл бұрын

Your sponsor can help the people I get into arguments with on the internet.

@erwinheitzman9854 2 жыл бұрын

Really interesting stuff! 🤩

@MrAshwijshenoy 2 жыл бұрын

Thats the difference between microprocessor and microcontroller. They are (mostly) made to handle one set of instructions that never change in the lifetime (or moderate upgrades thru firmware)

@shawnstoudt7130 2 жыл бұрын

Can it be used for all types of ai and Movie animation and online gaming and internet Modems and routers

@clarkkent6054 2 жыл бұрын

I was already feeling kinda sick that ending made me gag 😂

@monsterhunter445 2 жыл бұрын

Do microcontroller vs microprocessor next please

@hjups 2 жыл бұрын

The history of the naming can create confusion, but "microprocessor" just means CPU today (the micro part used to mean something when computers were the size of buildings, but not since everything scaled down to the chip level - like in the past 30 years). So really it's microcontroller vs process. A microcontroller is essentially a light weight CPU for embedded applications (toasters, dishwashers, etc.). Since they are for embedded applications, they're more like a system on chip with memory, "storage", and I/O on the same chip that is soldered to a board. One of their main staples is that they usually don't run a traditional OS, and only run one specialized application. They also are much slower but in exchange use less power and cost a lot less (you can get some microcontrollers for $0.20, that only use 0.01W, but runs at less than 1 MHz and has 128 bytes of memory).

@harrkev 2 жыл бұрын

Microprocessor: A CPU. Needs a bunch of stuff outside to be added (storage, memory, IO, etc.). Microcontroller: A CPU with almost everything that you need built-into it. You can easily have a "one chip" system where a microcontroller can have the code on-board to blink an LED or send and receive data over a serial port with practically no other parts. You find those in things like washing machines, microwaves, remote controls, etc. And because you have to build all of that stuff into one die, they are lower speed/capability and a separate CPU. But they are useful for a LOT of stuff.

@Daniel-xg8el 2 жыл бұрын

I' m just starting to learn Verilog!

@rodrigodemais 2 жыл бұрын

I can't believe I lived to see an Innovus screenshot on an LMG video 😂

@TheSulross 2 жыл бұрын

as a software programmer that acquired a couple of FPGA boards to learn to program them, the thing am seeing of note is that multiple FPGA digital circuits can be designed to run in parallel while based on the same clock signal. Depending on problem to be solved the FPGA manner of doing parallelism could be very powerful. An embedded CPU executing software instructions is very versitle and easy to program with lanfuages like C. But it's ability for parallelism is limited by how many cores the CPU has, which for embedded will typically be one, two, or four. Plus those cores need to really be programmed with some sort of OS kernel that facilitates managing different task for execution on the different cores. And those task need to be coordinated to work effectively and correctly, which can be the trickier aspect of multi-programming. Whereas the parallelism one designs into an FPGA is just inately what it does - it may require a means of feeding in input data and a means of collecting output data, but it doesn't have to be managed for parallel task execution in the way a multi-core CPU does. Of course, at the end of the day, my primary interest in FPGAs is to learn how to implement vintage computer CPUs :-)

@bce.gatien 2 жыл бұрын

I wonder what kind of processor are in cameras. Cannon Sony Fuji etc they all mention to have powerful new processor that we have no specs to compare.

@ficeto 2 жыл бұрын

FPGAs are also used to develop and test digital designs (like CPUs, MCUs, peripherals, etc.) before they are sent to the fab for printing on silicon.

@LexFelron 2 жыл бұрын

What did Video Toasters use? Those were definitely ahead of their time and probably custom. ❤️❤️❤️

@LexFelron 2 жыл бұрын

I am Jack's confusion... What is that? Hotter, fatter, cooter? Drizzled in butter? IDK this language...

@dennisfahey2379 2 жыл бұрын

The Newtek chips were full custom ASICs. Incredible product, sadly the founder of the company passed away unexpectedly and they lost momentum. I think they are still around in some manner although now that everything is digital their original product is not needed. Comedian Dana Carvey's (Wayne's World) brother had a lot to do with that story.

@LexFelron 2 жыл бұрын

@@dennisfahey2379 I was a big fan of it, in the late 90's for me, it was definitely the goto especially for live video feeds; Premier was for editing.

@dennisfahey2379 2 жыл бұрын

@@LexFelron - A milestone product. It and the Amiga opened the home video market. Lucasfilm's Editdroid and Pixar brought Digital Post and CGI into the lexicon. Premier (and almost all desktop editors) are based on Editdroid's look and feel.

@AniRayn 2 жыл бұрын

4:59 - Sounds like the title of an isekai anime.

@jackbootshamangaming4541 2 жыл бұрын

Love seeing more stuff about FPGAs..I got into them heavily because MiSTer a few years ago. I am learning various HDLs now and I love it..

@vineetkumarbharti2633 2 жыл бұрын

Have you heard of that new adaptive transistor technology Linus? With this transistors can change the architecture by changing their direction electrically. That mean a zen 3 core can be changed to RDNA2 core or even next gen IP like Zen4. P cores can be changed to E cores. This things takes specialised chips one step further. Even ahead of modern CPU. This can literally save silicon waste.

@oleost 2 жыл бұрын

Made me dream back at Physx cards 🤩

@traxeonic3600 2 жыл бұрын

I think I want see Anthony get deep and dark with all the FPGA retro gaming now.

@creativecreepyturtle1562 2 жыл бұрын

I need some cool spinning wheel that changes it from gaming to regular, that would be cool

@daveys4863 2 жыл бұрын

This is the first time FPGAs have been explained in a way that I actually understand. Excellent video!

@yackablejohnson1485 2 жыл бұрын

The first machine I ever built ran Windows 98 SE2 and an AMD K6-III with 256MB dual channel ram. I didn't even have an exhaust fan. I could edit videos, edit audio, browse online, be on IRC, DL from Newsgroups, and have emulation games (NESten) running at the same time. So I don't know what you're talking about saying that modern CPUs can do the things older CPUs couldn't? It's just a ridiculous statement. What you could say is software has evolved to the point that it requires a modern CPU to really multitask the way you did on the previous generation. That would have been honest and made sense.

@saricubra2867 2 жыл бұрын

Not only that, is the absolutely ridiculous IPC increase specially with Sandy Bridge, Haswell and Zen 1. Your K6 processor would struggle or be basically useless for music production, it would choke extremely hard, maybe the entire system would freeze. I run Android games on my 9 year old laptop with my Intel Core i7-4700MQ quad core processor, why? because it's waaaay faster than the Qualcomm octa core ARM chip from my current phone despite the difference on instruction sets. Massive difference on frequency and Haswell IPC is still good and AVX2 instructions are helping me. 64 bit instructions are huge, and 16GB of RAM is enough for lossless high definition video, unlike the K6 era (extremely crappy resolution compression and framerates). Things changed a lot since Core 2 Duo. The fact that you could do something back then is impressive, but would be extremely terrible and rough by modern standards.

@TheUAProdigy 2 жыл бұрын

I wish we had dedicatated ASICS for raytracing.

@Ravenoustoxic 2 жыл бұрын

I was hoping for desktop counter part with less power demand yet deliver decent performance.

@LenstersH 2 жыл бұрын

Much better than your previous attempts with this topic.

@matthewsylvester9103 2 жыл бұрын

That's so strange, legit I am taking a course on FPGA's right now and I open techquickie to see this haha.

@TowardsABetterHussain 8 ай бұрын

So you mean we may be able to run current gen console games (PS6 or series x2 whatever will be present then) in future. Imagine a machine running exclusives from both consoles.

@blackasthesky 2 жыл бұрын

A TechQuickie video should have the word of its topic in the title

@communitycollegegenius9684 2 жыл бұрын

Interesting (to me) is that in the old days, I used to use a programming language called Asic. It was a free sub-set of Basic. Get it?

@notmuch_23 2 жыл бұрын

This video made me think of what may be a strange question: whatever happened to math coprocessors?

@smanzoli Жыл бұрын

There are cloud servers today with FPGA boards that can act as a specific CPU or a GPU, depending on the demand. That´s amazing. Soon AI will be programming FPGAs and new crazy ICs will be created or optimized.

@squarewheel9113 2 жыл бұрын

Maybe off topic , but might this explain why Google tensor didn't do as well in machine learning benchmarks versus apples bionic chip. My thought process here is, Google's tensor processor is partially an ASIC processor for specific machine learning tasks, for a specific Google features, which might explain the very large gap? Or is the bionic rly just that much better? Any computer science majors have any input???

@landon1812 2 жыл бұрын

ASICS isn't one I've heard much about, but it does sound interesting. FPGAs on the other hand have defiantly gotten my attention lately with all the retro gaming mods and FPGA clone consoles that add TONS of new features that would be seen only on new game consoles while also keep the original experience intact, what a world we live in.

@sylviam6535 2 жыл бұрын

Switches are absolutely reliant on ASICs to run at wire speed.

@tanmoymridha5002 3 ай бұрын

After two years, I have come back to this video.

@harrkev 2 жыл бұрын

A better way to explain this: A CPU can do ANYTHING. But the down side is that it is always saying "What do I do next?" It does that step, and then says: "OK. What is my next step?" The whole instruction fetch and decode stuff takes up space and time (especially in the case of a cache miss). Also, a CPU does one thing at a time (only one ALU). Yes, I am ignoring superscaler. An ASIC or FPGA is pre-wired to know what to do, and it can also do multiple things at once. Need to multiply two lists of 100 numbers? A CPU will have to do that one at a time. You can put 100 multipliers on an ASIC or FPGA (yes, it will be big), and it can do them all at once. An ASIC is great of you are making thousands or millions. The NRE can be a million dollars or more. But they will run the fastest and be cheapest per unit. An FPGA will be more expensive, slower, and more power, but a hobbyist could easily make a design with just one of them, using free tools. Yes, I design ASICs for a living.

@travismoore7849 Жыл бұрын

I am still looking for a M.2 FPGA that will turn my laptop into a vampire V4 and run apollo os.

@KillaBitz 2 жыл бұрын

Field Programable Gatorade. I didn't know soft drinks had software.

@albeshri37 2 жыл бұрын

4:47 to CHOOOS

@ryandyc 19 күн бұрын

Can you make an ARM or x86 in ASIC?

@219GeorgiaRoseXxX 2 жыл бұрын

what if you make a mega cpu with both of the chips in the video

@JuraIbis 2 жыл бұрын

Werent Pentiums FPGA at some point? I've heard the term before.

@VarunGupta3009 2 жыл бұрын

I always wished that every PC/Device came with an FPGA instead of/in addition to a Gfx card, and then the game developers push their own super optimised firmware on it so that every single person experienced similar/same graphics performance. (This would work even with CPU intensive apps as the FPGA would just override both the CPU and GPU components and push everything directly to the display (or to the iGPU for further processing). Imagine, thin and lights with 10x more gaming performance of a PC, and draw less power while gaming than during regular use lol. This could similarly be extended to high performance applications such as video editing or CAD.

@devluz 2 жыл бұрын

This isn't realistic. FPGA are just as limited by their transistor number as everything else. A GPU is already a heavily optimized device for floating point operation math used for graphics. An FPGA can't get anywhere near that even if they are programmed for a specific game.

@SmajdalfFrogi12 2 жыл бұрын

Comming in clutch to help me reviso for my exams xD NICE

@XxthemonkeyxX 2 жыл бұрын

Really nobody else died at the kid with legos? That shit killed me

@Mr.Genius_YTB 2 жыл бұрын

Nice! I Love this guy!

@akillersquirrel5880 2 жыл бұрын

Xilinx Zynq chips even further muddy the waters. They combine a standard FPGA with a hardware ARM core(s) so you can get the speed of the hardware core and the reprogrammability of the FPGA.

@historicplacesoforlandoflo4800 2 жыл бұрын

I thought this video was about the Florida professional Golf association

@LEGITPURPOSE 2 жыл бұрын

I heard Field-Programmable Gatorades instead of Gate Arrays.

@Flickstro 2 жыл бұрын

0:18 What the hell was THAT!?

@x1625 2 жыл бұрын

He survived the Mentos with pepsi, but had it been Pop Rocks and Canada Dry... We wouldn't have Linus Gabriel Sebastian to kick around anymore. R.I.P. Mikey

@danielro1209 2 жыл бұрын

What about a CPLD?

@EyesOfByes 2 жыл бұрын

Best clickbait of the month

@maartenkeus8627 2 жыл бұрын

Would be pretty cool if you have like a CS:GO CPU for eSports, doesn't even run Windows, just CSGO (Don't know if that's possible, not 100% serious)

@baranoid 2 жыл бұрын

i think even if it was possible at all, they would have to be version locked to run one and only one version of the game. if an update came along you'd have to make new ones and the old ones are just e-waste