"The ocean does not care if you are rich. But it does favor those who respect engineering and science, ahead of hubris and gut feel innovation" Beautiful said!

4:55 I did vacuum design and engineering for a couple of decades. I designed several chambers for the aerospace industry (for testing spacecraft components) that were roughly the size of the Titan's crew compartment. The hemispherical end caps were 1/8" thick stainless steel ("helmet heads" for those in the biz) while the cylindrical center section was 1/4" thick SST, seam welded inside and out. And this is to hold out only 1 atmosphere, not the 400+ at Titanic's depth! Any design engineer will tell you that a carbon fiber composite can never be used this way. It's not that they didn't overlap or bias-wind the structure, it's the material itself. The fibers in the composite are immensely strong in tension, but have zero strength in compression. That's why you can use it to make pressure tanks and vessels as the "hoop stresses" from the inside pressure cause the cylinder to try and expand, which is very efficiently resisted by the strength of the fibers. But when the forces are reversed, and the pressure is on the outside, the cylinder is compressed smaller, meaning that the fibers go slack, and provide nothing to the strength of the structure. The only thing holding the pressure is the matrix between the fibers (epoxy in this case). Epoxy is very strong in compression, but also very brittle. It will crack when flexed, meaning an absolutely guaranteed failure in a few cycles. I'm actually amazed they got that many dives out of it. There's a good reason that "the experts" were all warning him, and insisting on more and different testing, and it's not just that they were jealous of his innovative "free thinking" mindset.e

This was very nicely done. The demonstration with the soda can was both captivating and haunting

I’ve watched a lot of these informational videos on the titan and this is by far the clearest and best explained one. Thanks

So, at the end it was pretty much just a gigantic soda can wrapped up with extra material, hoses and cables. No one can even call it a floating casket cause everyone inside just disintegrated. The implosion animation here gave me the chills. Great job! Amazing video.

This is the most accurate animation of what happened. All the others are so slow.

I am an engineering student that literally has just taken a class on carbon composites and one of the main things I learned about pressure vessels is that layup should be around 55 degrees from horizontal to maximize strength. If they didn't even put that kind of consideration into the orthotropic nature of carbon fibers I don't think they put much thought into the design of this vessel. It is such a shame.

Whoever's idea it was to look in the area below the sub's last known location is a genius.

Rush actually said that safety standards get in the way of innovation. Wow!

There are a few reasons the sounds of the implosion weren't released sooner. 1 - The DOD - Military picked up the sound but didn't know what it was. It could of been a cargo container falling off a ship imploding, a depth charge or other military exercise, one of the tanks on the vessel, or many other things. They just knew they heard something and reported that up DOD/Mil channels. 2 - 2hr's later, an emergency call was issued on Civilian channels that contact was lost. Assistance needed. No one would have checked for a possible implosion because they think it is still intact and suffered a power failure. 3 - At some point in time, the sound was passed to rescue crews to help them better search. 4 - This is the important part. - Searches are not called off because someone thinks something happened. You need to verify. Upon verification, and due to the unique situation (implosion), rescue was impossible and it then switched to a recovery and families and press notified. Nothing occurred in the SAR portion that is out of the ordinary. No major conspiracy, it was put into the press because it was a modern day kid fell down well story that captivates people. The press came up with their theories because they run a 24/7 news cycle and they need something. As it takes time to get rescue ships to the area, and the press then starts filling time by calculating how much air they have left..... this helps them generate interest and views. Yes this causes anguish towards the family waiting to hear the fate of their loved ones however..... you cannot put it the press that you heard an implosion before you verify. It looks bad, but it's oh so much worse if you tell someone their loved ones are dead but they aren't because you haven't verified.

Excellent video! Thanks for the most detailed and no-nonsense explanation I've seen on this event. Like you, I sort of knew when the last signal received from Titan was an hour and forty-five minutes into the dive, something catastrophic had happened right then. There was absolutely no need for the days of news reports telling how much air they supposedly had left. Again, thanks for a great video.

When you design with carbon fiber, most times you end up chasing away its shortcomings until its benefits have been nulled. Weight is often the biggest advantage of CF but as soon as you need metal doubler plates, and joint reinforcement, and end fittings, you’ve introduced so much complexity that machining and iso grid structure makes more sense. CF is a material you use with great intention and foresight/testing.

Thanks Mike. Now that's what i call an informative, understandable and educational presentation of what happened. No unnecessary dramatization or boring fillers. Just pure on-point information.

Best Example I've seen so far! Not being overly complicated simply put, to the point!

The carbon wrap process was shocking, I initially thought it was a demo. I've worked in F1 and Aviation on the 787's wing. So, I have a background in this field. There are many air gaps in the wrap that can be compressed, with stored energy with an uncontrolled release.

Thank you for explaining everything in a more understanding way

that implosion. It's really hard to grasp how violent and quick it must have been. under 6000psi, the volume of air in the pressure tube would have compressed to something like 1/500th its original size, at supersonic speeds, igniting the air, and pulverizing anything within it.

This is by far the best illustration and demonstration of exactly what happened. Really nice job! My condolences to the families of the passengers in the submersible.

Thank you for taking the time to make this reconstruction. It demonstrates the crush pressure so well, especially with the addition of the soda can. Your models are really clean and well made.

Wow man, well demonstrated. The sound that you've chosen for the implosion is so perfectly scary... chills.

This is exactly the video I was hoping someone would make. Thank you.

In an interview one of Rush's friends said that in a previous dive they heard a cracking noise during the decent. I believe the friend told him after that they shouldn't dive in the Titan again.

This is an excellent analysis. I am no expert, but I am reminded of the difficulties experienced with the early Comet jetliners. That was also a situation where repeated cycles of compression and decompression caused fatigue over time in a way that engineers had not anticipated. The Comet was operating under stresses that passenger aircraft had not yet operated under.

Superbly clear

This is the most accurate animation that I have seen. You kept the certain parts intact, while others usually have those crush as well.

Presentation on point with dynamic graphics and illustrations. Well done!

Thank you for explaining what happened so clearly. The soda can demo was an extremely powerful demonstration.

Nicely done. As a fellow architect, my interest and deep respect for engineering and science mirrors yours. It took my career into the field of complex adaptive systems & simulation technologies. When I saw the video of them smearing glue (epoxy presumably) on the inside of the Titanium collar I was flabbergasted at the loose dimensional tolerances that enabled the ring to slip over the carbon fiber tube with ease. Surely, I thought, they aren’t relying on hand-smeared epoxy to seal the gap. Also I did a few bending moment calcs which I then rotated 360 degrees and wondered whether bending stresses and shear forces at the glued titanium rings from the enormous uniform loading had ever been simulated or tested with different carbon fiber weaves…..a sad loss for sure but, aside from the panic over the emergency, the implosion would have happened far faster than any awareness would have been possible.

As a carbon fiber specialist, I bet on the same scenario from the first day. The weak point is neither the carbon or the tinanium, but the carbon/titanium interface. If water seeps between the two, the resistance of the carbon winding is useless and the pressure will crush the inner titanium tube. But it started slowly, depending on the infiltration rate, it seems to have taken more than 15 minutes before deformations accelarated the infiltration rate and then the final collapse occurred.

This is a very respectful video on such a terrible incident. Thank you.

This is probably the best video I've seen yet that covers the implosion aspect of this tragedy. The reenactment using CGI and the Coke can experiment really wow'd me. Great content.

This channel is the absolute real deal. So much so that it's the only one that gave me continuous chills and goosebumps throughout

I remember reading a book when I was a little boy about ships. In the chapter on submarines, the book showed a page on the submarines that dived down into the deepest depths. Two of them were the Alvin and the other was the Trieste. Both of these vessels were built to handle the pressures of the ocean. The Titan disaster was trying to use the less is more philosophy in construction of this submarine. The lesson learned is that for any environment that is to be explored, always listen to others who have gone before you.

5:59 There was a brief statement given that there was explosion heard. The reason for not immediately saying they imploded is that it is better to continue searching and find out later that the ship was long gone. Had they called off the search and an intact hull with bodies was later found, there would be serious repercussions to any leadership of the rescue as well as public backlash.

I’ve been waiting for a clear description of what happened thank you Mike

When you're dealing with extreme conditions like the deep ocean, you NEVER cut corners. If you want to innovate (which I'm all for), get your invention tested and certified. Never assume it will be fine.

This is the best analysis that I have seen. The animation is particularly illustrative. Before now, I did not know that they dropped their weights, which clearly indicates that they knew that they were in trouble.

I like that the implosion sound effects used in this video is an actual sound recording of an imploding submersible. Luckily in that case, it was an unmanned vehicle, the ROV Jason.

Thank you for this. The demonstration at 3:15 was excellent

Wow. Every time you showed the model of the implosion I get goosebumps and I jump. It’s so simple but powerful. I pray it was faster than a blink of an eye for those men so they weren’t afraid or didn’t feel anything. Especially that young boy who said he was afraid before he got the submersible. Wow😳

A loud bang on hydrophones + loss of comms is a pretty bad sign, but doesn't prove conclusively that they imploded. From the PoV of the search team, if that scenario happened, then the crew were dead. In that case, they didn't need to confirm that fact quickly. But at that time, it was still possible that the sub had lost power but successfully executed an emergency ascent. In that case, they would have been floating on the surface, unable to open the hatch to get access to air (plus that would have caused them to sink anyway). That scenario was the only one possible where the crew might have survived in the end. So it made sense to focus on that until time ran out for the air supply.

I was involved in some early research of using carbon fiber to make scuba diving tanks. This turned out to be an excellent fit for carbon fiber and it does help to alter the direction of the fiber application. However carbon fiber only works with internal pressure which puts the fibers under load which prevents the epoxy, which it is layered with, from bursting. With oceangate the exact opposite happened. Basically you can think of every bit of their structure being nothing more than an epoxy shell as the carbon fiber does very little when external forces are pushing inwards.

Belated thanks, you've earned a subscriber! Very clear and respectful explanation, without gore and sensational headings. I followed the search for the Titan live on WFLA (I'm not even from the US) and I watched the final announcement by the Coast Guard. I was thinking, "I may throw up, but this is history". I feel the same now that they are beginning to study the remains of the Titan. I hope you follow up on this story. Meanwhile I'll binge your videos: I'm no architect or engineer, but Chernobyl and Fukushima have become part of our history, not to mention more recent events. Cheers from Europe!

First time viewer of your channel, Mr. Bell. Well done. The demo with the soda can is impressive.

Thank you for a very clear, informative explanation as to what happened to Titan.

My imagination of the implosion was that the carbon fiber tube gave-in to the pressure and instantly went from a round cross section to a flat cross section, like a cardboard toilet paper tube between two clapping hands. This would have jellified everything inside and blown out the two relatively intact titanium ends in opposite directions, possibly blowing out the porthole too.

After inspecting the titans stress tests in 2014 i had to walk off. Its amazing how no one went through with putting an end to this. I guess im included in it but we need more regulation

I really like your use of your own animations, nicely done

I'm very grateful for your conclusion at the end. We have become so saturated with all kinds of progress and convenience that we just take it for granted. We should all be more humble and thankful for the possibilities we have nowadays.

thank you for demonstrating how the submersible could have collapsed. i started to get annoyed seeing the one tiktok animation over and over again and it was the only one i kept finding. i honestly wanted to see different possibilities how it couldve looked like and your video is one of those.

This is the best explanation I've seen so far. Interesting about the last text signal; that there already was a known problem. Thanks and very well done!

Comunications between Titan and Polar Prince have been released (not vetted). Titan apparently was descending much faster than it should have. There was an alarm and crackling noises. They began to ascend, but had trouble doing so.

Incredible illustration of what most likely occured to the Titan.. I cant thank you enough for your time in putting this together, giving us, a visual. My thoughts and prayers go out the the family, friends and colleagues of the submersible. ❤

You animation skills are insanely good! And a good easy to understand explanation.

Why the delay in releasing the information to the public concerning the possible detection of the implosion of the Titan? 1) The event was probably detected by a classified Navy passive undersea surveillance system, so the information would have to be declassified for public release. 2) The classified information was probably released to the Coast Guard, but was of no practical use until assets with the capability to confirm the destruction of the Titan were on site. The search could not be aborted until the destruction was confirmed, and the Coast Guard didn't want to cause the families to loose hope until it could. 3) There was no benefit to anyone to release this information.

Thank you for this informative video. Straight to the point and spot on.

"None of this seamless operation would be possible without the unsung heroes: our army of brilliant scientists and engineers quietly and unseen. Making sure everything functions effortlessly. Our reliance on them is undeniable. The ocean does not care if you are rich. But it does favor those who respect engineering and science, ahead of hubris and gut feel innovation." Well said, sir. I will remember this quote for the rest of my life. We will do better, I believe in us.

This story is unreal no matter how much I read or watch about it. There is a Mexican KZfaqr who went down on the sub and saw the Titanic. Just watching that alone is unreal.

Subbed for the animation. Also I agree, most things work all the time and no one notices.

Mr. Bell, you are an extremely likable guy. Thank you so much for making this video.

I heard someone saying that problem with Titan's design was that carbon-fibre has limited lifespan on so many dives. If you want to make carbon fibre sub you need to completely replace it every few dives. I'm surprised that was 24th dive. That was extremely greedy. Another good insight was provided by you: "Fillaments were rolled in one direction only". Maybe if they rolled it in all directions this wouldn't happen or would happen after many more dives instead. But seriously..they didn't test how many dives can this carbon-fibre structure survive to cut costs. Now instead of dollars they payed with lives.

I really appreciate the last bit of the video where you talk about the experts, the scientific minds who we should all listen to. This disaster could've been prevented if it weren't for the hubris and arrogance of one individual against centuries of knowledge and experience.

THIS is the video I’ve been searching for. Well done 👍

Thank you for this. Very clearly and concisely told - and told with sensitivity.

Your synopsis is spot on, and thank you for your time and integrity. During our human experience, we constantly allow ego to crash endeavor. This is our insanity.

A search of "Did Titan try to surface? " results in an article (Insider) that notes the ballast had been released prior to implosion ... suggesting the passengers knew something was wrong and prompted them to urgently try to surface. Sadly, the idea that they died in blissful ignorance may not be wholly accurate.

What you say at 6:10 is so very true. Nicely said. We do tend to take so much for granted in life.

One of the best and most interesting videos I've watched about this topic. Also very good explained so that I as a non native English speaker could understand it very well. Thanks!

I find it incredible that they were able to not only locate, but recover so much of OceanGate.

Thank you for explaining how this sub looked and worked. I can’t believe it could get so close to Titanic.

The right amount of resin for optimum strength in composite laminates is key, and composites are strong in the right application , but they aren't very durable if metal is rubbing or pushing against the laminate.

I’ve watched a few videos on this, and I daresay I enjoyed your matter of factness and calm demeanour.

Just like that, the titan crumbled to the mighty sea and forever lost the souls that were inside it, families of those lost will forever be changed, and as for the ocean, it continued to forever sparkle under the sun and be just as powerful as it has always been. The ocean is nothing to be careless with.

so exceptionally well-made and respectfully explained, thankyou!

Superbly presented and researched, well done.

This story is pure YT gold rn. I should create and upload my own. That being said this was the best explanation ive heard yet,

Nicely done As someone who designs and builds with glass and resin, the strand orientation is baffling. The predominant direction of fiber should be along the longitudinal axis, the only thing working to resist the forces involved here is the resin. A chopped strand blown tube would have been more effective at resisting pressures. And why!? I still haven’t heard an answer why Stockton chose carbon over steel? Cost!? What was the differential ? You want long shelf life? Build a big oven and shove your steel sun into it and anneal every 50 dives. Brand new. Carbon prepreg. Only gets worse with age

Thank you Mike… I’ve often heard “Academics learn in order to do, while entrepreneurs do in order to learn” and “fail fast” as better ways of innovating. It’s rare to get a shout out for scientists engineers and techs who focus on not only reliable design but manufacture, economy, testing, maintenance, lifetime reliability and safety. We also work to carefully experiment with new materials and techniques as we build a safety case. Being accused of analysis paralysis often by entrepreneurs…I hope they consider collaborating with those who know, to help them do new things and live.

Great! gives us such a good understanding of why and how it happened, thank you so much

This guy deserves a huge boost in subscribers

Great video. I especially liked the coke can heated and then placed in ice. Best demonstration I've seen so far. Good animations, too.

Excellent graphics and analysis

For me it is always a red flag when a new guy comes in and declares that he knows better than the entire industry.

Howzit, this video is expertly made. Very well presented and animation is top tier. Thank you for taking the time to make this Mike. Are you related to the Bell Equipment family, I use to work for them!

Awesome video. Great ending commentary about the ocean not caring if you are rich. I grew up in NZ where many people have drowned in the sea, so our teachers constantly reminded us how dangerous it was. I'd never get in a sub like that one.

I worked with this composite material for years for use in dead tank circuit breakers on a global scale. These parts undergo unbelievable amounts of pressure and heat during use in the Interrupter. At one point, Inventory was mistakenly providing production with expired parts as they have a shelf life to abide by. This caused the breakers to fail tests. I understand Stockton purchased outdated material for the hull. If this is true, this submersible was a ticking time bomb based on that alone.

I can't get over this event. Like you said, the ocean "favors those who respect engineering and science, ahead of hubris and gut feel innovation." It's like everyone has forgotten how the titanic got to the bottom of the ocean in the first place

I feel so bad for the kid who didn’t want to go

I like this one. Little conjecture, but informative. I was also surprised at the carbon fiber wrapping being unilateral. It was wrapped over a steel - which also surprised me. There are lots of issues to deal with. Good job.

I was watching a video made about ten years ago about pressure test on carbon fiber cylindrical hulls. When the pressure hull failed it didn't equally crush like the metal ones did, it split length wise and allowed the pressure to equalize. I'm thinking something similar happened but not length wise due to their incorrect way of laying the carbon fiber so the split would have been ring shape. My theory is the carbon fiber started to de-laminate and bow in the middle and the two titanium hemispheres just crushed it inward like stepping on top of a empty soda can. I think along with the microphone to record the cracking of the carbon fiber they did mention they had a string indicator (a string strong across from one side of the sub to the other to monitor how much the vessel is compressing, an old trick from the earlier sub days), so my fear is they started noticing the string drop way more then normal or the cracking was really starting to intensify they then dropped the weights in an attempt to save it but by then it was too late. Fear of this being a moment before the implosion they knew they were probably doomed, also with this many layers of incorrectly layered carbon fiber I wonder if there wasn't a second or two of water making it in by traveling in between all the layers before the implosion. I hope not as this would have been horrifying for them but we just don't currently know for sure as there are no substantial testing of this situation with the method of wrapping carbon fiber as they did. Makes me so mad that this CEO thought it was perfectly fine to take people down there when there were so many experts with decades of experience telling him "Hey, you're going to get some one killed!" He truly thought he knew better then everyone else.

I have been an engineer for over 40 years . All I can say, Well done!

Nicely done! Thanks!

Greatly enjoyed hearing your narration. You have a very comforting voice. Great graphics!

Really well done with concise explanations and animations! This is approachable for people who’ve never learned about these topics, but also not so basic as to be unhelpful to those who are familiar with these concepts. What you’ve made here is leagues better than a lot of what I’ve seen from news sources with whole departments & budgets & consultants for this (who should be far better at doing this than they’ve demonstrated thus far). I really hope you continue to make more videos on this topic, and it would be cool to see videos with a similar approach to other types of engineering or planning failures. You truly have a gift for communicating these types of events, without sensationalism and without sugarcoating or downplaying what has happened. Wonderful job! I’ll be subscribing and looking forward to more videos like this one! I know I’m just some random person in youtube comments but I hope you realize the gift you have here!!

It was said the underwater sound detected by the Navy was, at the time, classified, and Incident Command continued to treat the situation as a search and rescue. Once the debris field was located, the information was declassified.

This video is very crystal,unlike all other videos.excellently done❤

splendid work ! It's great to see a less dramatised perspective on this, just what actually happened, as it happened. and that brief monologue at the end sums this up beautifully.

That can of COKE demonstration was pretty accurate that happened to the Titan in my opinion.

Best animation I’ve seen . Well done mate 👍

GREAT DESCRIPTION, THANK YOU!