Why Neil deGrasse Tyson and Emily Rice Think You Should Pay Attention to Low-Mass Stars

Рет қаралды 183,597

Күн бұрын

Could we find life around low-mass stars? Neil deGrasse Tyson and comedian Chuck Nice find out why life might be more likely around low-mass stars, what makes brown dwarfs, galactic archeology, and more with astronomer Emily Rice.
Where did the name “brown dwarf” come from? Learn about when brown dwarfs were first discovered and astronomer Jill Tarter’s research on them. We discuss star classification, why the letters are so out of order, and how brown dwarfs are relevant to the field of exoplanets. What is the difference between a brown dwarf and a low-mass star? Find out what the cutoff is for thermonuclear fusion and how deuterium can help low-mass stars fuse a little.
What is the difference between a brown dwarf and a hot Jupiter? Do we know how brown dwarfs are formed? What is the largest dwarf star ever discovered? Learn about age-mass degeneracy and how low-mass brown dwarfs could actually be old high-mass brown dwarfs. Discover the Sun’s tachocline and how the brown dwarve’s magnetic field may operate differently.
What happens when two brown dwarfs collide? What the heck is a blue straggler? Find out about the lifespan of brown dwarfs, galactic archeology, and metallicity. How do you tell the age of different low-mass stars? What would it take to capture a direct image of an exoplanet? We discuss the Trappist-1 System, the Goldilocks zone, and good candidates for Earth-like planets. Plus, a cosmic perspective on the importance of space exploration.
Thanks to our Patrons Anthony Garcia, Matthew Carlson, mike kelly, Brett DiFrischia, Mary Clare V., Peter Ilvento, A dinosaur in dental school, Cedric Rashade Collins, 1874 Homestead, and Bob for supporting us this week.
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About StarTalk:
Science meets pop culture on StarTalk! Astrophysicist & Hayden Planetarium director Neil deGrasse Tyson, his comic co-hosts, guest celebrities & scientists discuss astronomy, physics, and everything else about life in the universe. Keep Looking Up!
#StarTalk #NeildeGrasseTyson
00:00 - Introduction: Emily Rice
3:49 - Why They’re Called Brown Dwarves
9:58 - Star Classification: OBAFGKM
13:42 - Brown Dwarves v. Stars v. Exoplanets
18:18 - Brown Dwarves v. Hot Jupiters
19:55 - Also How Are Low-Mass Stars Created?
22:38 - What is the Largest Dwarf Star Ever Discovered?
27:52 - Brown Dwarf Magnetic Field Mystery
34:23 - When Two Brown Dwarfs Collide
39:27 - The Lifespan of Low-Mass Stars
42:13 - Direct Images of Exoplanets
45:05 - Habitability Around Low Mass Stars
48:19 - A Cosmic Perspective

Пікірлер: 422

@StarTalk 17 күн бұрын

What other questions do you have for Emily?

@Horror_Film_Aficionado 17 күн бұрын

We need to look at the true danger out there. What's being done towards comet & asteroid deflection planetary defense? Thanks guys

@byenzer5101 17 күн бұрын

So, if BIG stars have short lives, and NEIL is a BIG star, then??????

@michaelccopelandsr7120 17 күн бұрын

Yes, can you get Neil to help with IAU in changing the stars? Let's change the stars. What I mean is, get the IAU to, OFFICIALLY, make a new constellation. My idea for changing the stars includes Orion, Taurus and Pleiades (Subaru). Figure it's time to put something up there that's relevant to us, don't you think? Take Orion's belt and "Betelgeuse" becomes the head with a baseball hat. The 3 stars of Orion's belt make up the 3 fat belt loops on a baseball uniform. Below the belt are two legs bending at the knee. "Saiph" is the back foot and "Rigel" is the front foot. The spear pointing at Subaru/Pleiades is the bat and Subaru/Pleiades is the baseball flying away after being hit. "Bellatrix" is the hand that let go and "Aldebaran" of Taurus is the bat's tip. Put it all together and you get, "THE ALL-STAR." In my case, I see a left-handed batter with a, "7," on the jersey. Which makes him, "Mickey." (As it should be) But you can put any number you want, making, "THE ALL-STAR," any player you want. Pass it on, please and thank you. Don't worry, where I come from, crazy is a compliment. ;-P

@luccidaone5133 17 күн бұрын

@@Horror_Film_Aficionado The Dart project is pretty much the only thing that has been officially done. Its essentially a deflection missile that used kinetic impact. (Used for asteroids )

@chrism3784 17 күн бұрын

Neil, I want that shirt!

@M_Alexander 17 күн бұрын

Star Talk is like "Come for the Neil, stay for the Chuck."

@sosomadman 17 күн бұрын

An outstanding duo

@manojlds 17 күн бұрын

I listened to Neils audiobook narrated by Neil himself and I was missing Chuck a lot 😂

@M_Alexander 17 күн бұрын

Also over the last few years I've enjoyed how Chuck went from "clueless layman making puns" to "insightful layman making thoughtful observations and puns"

@parkerronn 17 күн бұрын

Binging the whole show I'm definitely the most invested in Chuck's arc

@parkerronn 17 күн бұрын

Binging the whole show I'm definitely the most invested in Chuck's arc

@youngminds2384 17 күн бұрын

Please keep Chuck and his rudimentary approach. He represents a large percentage of your audience… us regular folks with little to no academic knowledge of the topics you cover; what we have is a ton of curiosity and passion to learn. Salute

@blendpinexus1416 11 күн бұрын

that's why he's there. he's awesome at being the other host when neil is there.

@Maria-ni4rc 17 күн бұрын

Thank you for having Emily Rice again. She definitely knows her stuff on low-mass Stars. Kudos Chuck, great imitation imitating the great Joan Rivers...

@bryan9931 17 күн бұрын

HEY CHUCK! Maria just called you a low mass star

@MzeeMoja1 17 күн бұрын

She is genuinely enthusiastic about the subject matter-not making comparisons but she reminded me of Janna Levin

@jeffffff12 17 күн бұрын

My Mom loved Joan Rivers! I did not!

@Lovell93 17 күн бұрын

@@jeffffff12 I thought she was hilarious. Shortly before she died, that random street interviewer asking her a question about if the president will be 🏳‍🌈, and her response...💀🤣

@idiocracyBonanza 17 күн бұрын

Can you guys do 7,8 hours long episodes I can't get enough of your wisdom.

@MaryAnnNytowl 14 күн бұрын

Make a playlist with your favorite episodes, and play it whenever you want. Stream it to your TV, settle in & get comfy, which is what I do when I watch YT.

@reverendriff5597 17 күн бұрын

Please consider doing LONGER episodes. Maybe an hour and a half or even 2 hours?

@YoungChaz60 17 күн бұрын

Yes, we the need more.

@mrpearson1230 17 күн бұрын

I support this

@eliezervega2644 17 күн бұрын

U want documentaries😂

@matt-tq2dp 17 күн бұрын

@trent7736 17 күн бұрын

Nah you're bugging

@showoffyafresh 17 күн бұрын

Emily has a great sense of humor.

@user-po1wb9zl1x 10 күн бұрын

Science/comedy is a bridge for the gap between learning styles for ALL ages , cheers to you guys 👏

@andrewstephens6765 17 күн бұрын

One of the best guests you guys have

@MissingNo_ 17 күн бұрын

Love the Op Ivy mention! She has good taste in music

@SilverPanther000 17 күн бұрын

I came to the comments immediately to see if any one else appreciated that reference!

@NomadGallery 17 күн бұрын

I cheered at that.

@carrito1981 11 күн бұрын

for real! that took me off guard, never imagined an astronomer into og ska punk

@plutogd2006 17 күн бұрын

Me and my friend, Michael, were bored in our class, so he had the absolute genius question of "I wonder how many bananas it would take to cover the largest star." So, we got to work. We found that most sources said that UY Scuti was the largest known star, with a radius of 1.118 billion kilometers. So, we had to convert the kilometers to meters, multiplying by 1000. But, a banana is a meter long, so we had to multiply by 100 to get the radius in centimeters. After this, we looked up the average size for a banana (15-20cm) and used the number in the middle (17.5). So, we divided the radius of the star by the average banana and, before plugging the numbers into the formula for surface area (4πr^2) and we ended up getting 157.6 nonillion bananas. After this, since we decided we could take this further, we found the amount of bananas it would take to equate the mass of UY Scuti. We found the mass of UY Scuti by looking up the mass of the sun (1.989x10^30) and multiplying it by 30 since the source said it was roughly 30 times more massive and then multiplied it by 1000 to get it from kilograms to grams (which we calculated it as 596.7 undecillion). Then we divided by the mass of a banana (we found it to be 180.56 grams) to give us our final answer of about 3.3 undecillion bananas. These are probably wrong, but we had a lot of fun doing it. Though, we now wanted to find how much you'd have to crush all those bananas until they became a black hole. I'd assume it'd be about the same size as UY Scuti's schwarzschild radius, but I don't know for sure. Could you help us understand how you'd calculate that because to find the gravitational constant, you need the gravitational force, and for the gravitational force, you'd need 2 objects according to what we were seeing. Also, thanks for inspiring my love for space and I'd love to watch some more awesome videos about black holes. :)

@augustwest9727 16 күн бұрын

Wouldn't you find the mass of the smallest black hole and then the mass of your average banana...

@plutogd2006 16 күн бұрын

@@augustwest9727 I don't think I'm understanding what you're saying, could you elaborate?

@vincenthopkins6345 16 күн бұрын

@@augustwest9727 How would you be able to find the mass of the black hole?

@augustwest9727 15 күн бұрын

We already know what the smallest black hole we've found is. So that would be a reasonable basis to start collecting bananas...

@plutogd2006 14 күн бұрын

@@augustwest9727 I think I might understand what you're saying. If you're talking about shrinking the bananas individually down into Blackholes, that wouldn't be efficient because you lose mass between Blackhole combinations so you'd need more to make up for the mass lost. I'm not sure what the rate of mass lost it exactly, but I can give an example. If one Blackhole with a mass of 80 kg eats another blackhole with 80 kg, you'd have one Blackhole that has a mass of like 156 kg or something like that.

@michaelcalder8431 17 күн бұрын

S;peaking of things of 50 years ago in astronomy - Sir Patrick Moore presented a weekly show on the BBC called 'The Sky At Night' for 50 years! So you have a lot of catching up to do. One of the most memorable statements I heard from him was that stars are too hot to burn. Beautiful.

@deandv131 14 күн бұрын

Great show as always, Emily was a fantastic guest and look forward to seeing her again. Keep up the amazing work.

@alpsirus 17 күн бұрын

I'm going to the Hayden Planetarium this year for the first time. Coming from Florida Neil!

@moonshoes11 17 күн бұрын

Enjoy your journey ✌️

@ahamilton4021 17 күн бұрын

I serve with Emily’s sister Sarah Rice… amazing sisters - so accomplished! Thanks for having Emily on.

@winonafrog 17 күн бұрын

25:14 “An old high mass thing that’s hot because it’s been around a long time.” Literally my new dating app profile 😂. And 22:46-an incidentally perfect response to Lord Nice making a pun on a last name-please tell me someone noticed this, “Nice!”

@michaelccopelandsr7120 17 күн бұрын

Always a pleasure. Thanks y'all.

@Mithrandir39 16 күн бұрын

Thanks Emily. I learned more new things in this one episode of Star Talk than I usually do in three episodes. It was great!

@zackmeaders6199 15 күн бұрын

This episode was super informative and presented a lot of awesome stuff

@mikotagayuna8494 17 күн бұрын

As an amateur astronomer, finding a dwarf star is quite simple. Just look for spectral emission lines that clearly show the presence of a great beard then verify with other imaging techniques if it has a matching pickaxe.

@christopher5958 13 күн бұрын

Rock and stone.

@pierregrondin4273 17 күн бұрын

The more I listen to Neil, the more I like. Nice character and knowledge. Always a pleasure.

@michael-4k4000 17 күн бұрын

neil is ok, he's no OJ Simpson, now that man could talk and explain things to you that you would never believe.....

@jimfino5859 17 күн бұрын

Nice character as long as you agree with him...

@terryl7874 17 күн бұрын

Definitely a great conversation with Emily.

@leechangthao3476 17 күн бұрын

Always enjoy listening to this show

@marianagyorgyfalvi3659 17 күн бұрын

wow, interesting discussions, full of substance, I have something to chew on for a while!

@nate5483 17 күн бұрын

I love all the "we don't know"s to be honest....means to me Star Talk listeners are asking the state of the science questions! Plus Dr Rice gave context of our current understanding

@VictorSavelle 17 күн бұрын

Whoa, cool new intro. Love it. Always mind blowing.

@Cog-75 12 күн бұрын

So, what are the processes suspected of initiating star formation in gas clouds? I love your channel Neil and Chuck.

@neilgoldsmith5482 13 күн бұрын

Chuck's comedic mind is just phenomenal. His timing is the the and Dr. Tyson you also could have done Stand up but thank you for your wonderment of being my personal astrophysicist making it cool. 😎

@sgottoboni 17 күн бұрын

We should not ignorant, that we are not alone. Love your vids. Keep looking up.☝

@MikeJamesMedia 13 күн бұрын

Thanks again for hosting such great and diverse scientists, and for making it somewhat understandable for us non-scientists!

@DaveRyan1974 17 күн бұрын

Never A Dull Moment Learning With You Guy's 🍀💚🧩

@Andy-jd2un 17 күн бұрын

How does a sun do something every day of its life. In fact, how many days does a sun have? 😂 My man back at it with the crazy camp shirt. From one funky button-down lover to another, respect!

@simoxyz8630 16 күн бұрын

Never expected an Op Ivy reference in StarTalk! Love it!! 🤩🫶

@Tink_InTheRoom 17 күн бұрын

I wear astronomical pants and shirts all the time and I try to find ones that I know are really images of stars and planets and galaxies

@Tink_InTheRoom 17 күн бұрын

I’m gonna go look up your shop and buy something

@dougwalker4944 17 күн бұрын

in my neiborhood... i wear black tyedye

@roberth721 17 күн бұрын

I used to wear astronomical pants, but I lost weight. ;)

@Mithrandir39 16 күн бұрын

Where do you get them?

@Tink_InTheRoom 14 күн бұрын

@@roberth721 that was great 😂

@LogoRR 16 күн бұрын

OK, Emily just quoted Operation Ivy, she is now officially the most badass guest ever on StarTalk!

@kakodae6298 14 күн бұрын

OMG! This episode was particularly good. Keep up the good work Gentlemen. Oh and, tell that brilliant Lady Scientist that one of your subscribers would love to borrow her genes for a fusion.🥰😍🥰

@brian1204 17 күн бұрын

Can we really know how old the far galaxies and the stars within actually are? Yes we have models that estimate them based on the estimated elapsed time the alleged “big bang” (and yes I do understand that we have lots of evidence supporting the idea) but it seems to me that we are still missing something essential. I look forward to us learning more about those things we don’t fully understand, although I honestly don’t think it will be in my lifetime (I’m 67 at the moment) to the extent that we know what it is that we currently call “dark energy” and “dark mass”.

@moonshoes11 17 күн бұрын

I’m fine with having a tentative position based on the best available information, knowing it can change. ✌️🍎

@brian1204 17 күн бұрын

@@moonshoes11 sure, it is the best available fit for what data we can confirm. I’m sure our models will change as we learn more. I am very interested in learning what precisely “dark matter” and “dark energy” are. Right now they just seem like a “placeholder” for what we don’t yet fully understand.

@SheSweetLikSugarNSavage 17 күн бұрын

Loving the startorialist merch and clothing line. ❤

@ArtSurvivesArtist 17 күн бұрын

I love the fact that if you don't know the answer, you just say, "I don't know". Thanks for giving me an honest answer to my question about the largest dwarf star.

@tugcebalta86 17 күн бұрын

It's precious absolutely. 🔆 Because... Darling You are the World to come... 💕

@testtest-xg8jk 17 күн бұрын

This is so wholesome ❤

@sebulia1 16 күн бұрын

Chuck ALWAYS makes me laugh! He's the best. 😂👏👏

@DrDoomrider 17 күн бұрын

Loved the reference tpo Operation Ivy

@bokuma9647 17 күн бұрын

Neil, the Star talker... & Chuck Nice, you are great in every aspect a human being should be here on Earth!!

@User-cd8ry 14 күн бұрын

They are a great duo.

@aaronneal4280 17 күн бұрын

Love the Operation Ivy reference around 28:00!

@certaindeaf8315 17 күн бұрын

For some reason the title reminded me of Traffic's "The low spark of high heeled boys".. lol

@artkid101. 23 сағат бұрын

Chucks comedy timing is so perfect

@lethargogpeterson4083 15 күн бұрын

I loved learning about how the 13 jupiter mass distinction between planets and brown dwarfs is falling out of favor. I did not know that.

@NomadGallery 17 күн бұрын

Yes! Operation Ivy reference! That was the best.

@user-po1wb9zl1x 10 күн бұрын

Neil and Chuck combo is my childhood wish.

@user-po1wb9zl1x 10 күн бұрын

My new childhood wish*

@KhoaTran-md5ou 14 күн бұрын

so, basically like how we looking for nuke's traces in stuff to know if something is antique, we also trace elements from aftermatch of stars' explosion in low mass stars to know if they are old or young.

@jordansimon4835 12 күн бұрын

That Operation Ivy call out got me!!

@Kitzy 15 күн бұрын

27:48 I wasn’t expecting an Operation Ivy reference on Star Talk!

@showmewhyiamwrong 8 сағат бұрын

When they explained"Degeneracy" it reminded me of someone trying to explain the Postulated state of Quantum Superposition."we can't say it is this or that because it can actually be something which is both this and that, at the same time". Odd that is, but whereas Quantum Superposition may actually just be a "Mathematical Artifact" arising from our lack of knowledge, "Degeneracy" is a description of a "Real" observable Phenomena.

@CyrilleParis 16 күн бұрын

KZfaq show me there is a debate on the status of Pluto as a planet or not. As I'm not from the US, I'm an adult, I don't care. Great show by the way ! Dr Rice is very interresting.

@JessicaLynch-pb2lv 17 күн бұрын

I am glad I watched this video. I was not sure wether brown dwarfs were suns or some other object before I watched this episode.

@pukulu 16 күн бұрын

Neil is such a likeable fellow. He's jolly as well as knowledgeable.

@The-binge_710 10 күн бұрын

Great Content

@kwrzesien17 17 күн бұрын

What about when a star succeeds? ⭐️

@frankcoverjr.-jz3ne 17 күн бұрын

Easy! It’s a hot mess.😂😊

@Pictronic2011 12 күн бұрын

This is hilarious, the first thing I thought when I opened this video was "I want that shirt" 😂

@wlockuz4467 8 күн бұрын

Niel getting one-upped by Emily in the cosmically colorful clothing department is the most wholesome thing I've seen on this podcast.

@travisberg9031 17 күн бұрын

She was Great! What a wonderful personality! 🎉

@ryanwc67 17 күн бұрын

Great discussion , I've wondered for years if the gas giants in our solar system were failed stars, due to the common nature of binary star systems, and Jupiter's hydrogen composition. 13 Jupiter masses is the minimal mass limit for gravity induced fusion. Fascinating!

@User-cd8ry 14 күн бұрын

I've always wondered if mercury is the remains of a hot Jupiter that orbited and slowly disappeared over time around our sun.

@user-zl7vu6kp9h 8 күн бұрын

6:17 Chuck …. Are you stroking the microphone ? 😂😂😂🙈😂😂😂

@mariannm3634 13 күн бұрын

Heck yes on the Op Ivy reference 😀

@Newstatejournal1 16 күн бұрын

Excellent!

@jmanj3917 16 күн бұрын

13:39 I usually roll my eyes at Chuck when he says this kind of thing, but.. 🤣

@DennisLlewellyn-px2tj 17 күн бұрын

Is it possible that stars deplete at a very slow pace because of it strong gravitational pull drawing in lighter masses into it to be burned and possibly recycling it's spent elements through the same process????

@linyenchin6773 13 күн бұрын

Anyone know if laminar flow in plasma can compress specific gravity of its container? My idea is to streamline the flow of plasma to the point of increasing specific gravity in a similar way to wrapping the object in question within a "subsoace bubble" or more functionality making the object more easily slip through any ambient fluid, be it water or air in the atmosphere or interplanetary space. The idea is to get twice the speed for half the energy input so a pseudo-gravity drive of sorts.

@phuongsmith9950 7 күн бұрын

You look great, aunt Emily. ❤ from Dylan Smith.

@Darkeiser.7 13 күн бұрын

Got my thoughts submitted this morning. Hope they are read. Doesn't have to be presented in a video. Just need verification of my thoughts whether they are wrong or right.

@greendragon4151 16 күн бұрын

I am working on a science project involving refraction, will you be having anyone in this field as a guest?? i would love to posesome questions.

@MatthewHiltner 17 күн бұрын

Op Ivy mentioned on StarTalk? Christ, we're getting old.

@lefthookouchmcarm4520 17 күн бұрын

Chuck is great. So funny 😂

@bdaveness 17 күн бұрын

Chuck does a great old man

@Dawg13237 9 күн бұрын

I finally get why it was called a big bang.There was absolute chaos

@SHA-ku9st 10 күн бұрын

I am amazed

@rjsmith6698 14 күн бұрын

Hey…I’d like to try some of that Wallace’s Primordial Soup on Neil’s bookshelf. Sounds delicious!😋 No doubt named for William Wallace Campbell, and made by his grandma.😄 (48:40)

@edwardallenthree 17 күн бұрын

Stars are people too. Sometimes they fail. What makes them a star is that they keep trying. /S

@thejellybeangamer3284 17 күн бұрын

It breathes when it dies

@jameshamilton8162 17 күн бұрын

This is actually a bit unrelated to the topic in the video, but the brown dwarf collision got me thinking. How do we get contact binary stars?

@scottjacoby2594 11 күн бұрын

Between this and last episode about planet classification, I am reminded of a burning question about how gas giants are considered planets instead of stars. What is the difference anatomically between gas giants and stars, other than mass? If there is no difference, then why lump them in a category with rocky/terrestrial planets and not make them a sub category of star? Perhaps it’s best I put my $5 where my mouth is in Patreon.

@hotzenmonster 17 күн бұрын

Is that a new opening? Very cool.

@Emmpeace 14 күн бұрын

those outfits are inspiring!

@BrycenPatrick-9 17 күн бұрын

Love you Neil

@cheapskatepanic 17 күн бұрын

Exactly!❤

@jaybro3713 17 күн бұрын

Sir what's your comment on the new discovery of Nikku Madhusudhan. A Professor of Astrophysics and Exoplanetary Science at the Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge.

@thejellybeangamer3284 17 күн бұрын

Neil is taking over

@walterfristoe4643 17 күн бұрын

Neil resides in sartorial splendor! 😎

@silvershadow013 17 күн бұрын

Great content! Especially if the speaker could finish their sentences...

@stagdragon3978 17 күн бұрын

I await the day that the newest season of cosmos... has a twist... and the season is: "Chuck Nice teaches you about the cosmos" and it's just Chuck Nice trying his best to remember everything he learned from Star Talk.

@yanickberthelot 13 күн бұрын

QUESTION: lets say you the observer is in a ship close to a black hole and are observing (from a side view) an astronaut going towards the black hole until he appears to stop. keep that exact point in space where the astronaut appears to stop, now take a planet and put its surface right at that point in space (that being that closest point between the black hole and the planet) now lets say the planet was spinning in place and did not start to crumble because of black hole, what would the observer see, because part of the planet would be in a space that seems to stop spinning and part of it wouldn't be in that space. Also would a planet size unbreakable object be able to spin , or just get locked up...

@nikolaveljkovic428 16 күн бұрын

What do you think about Milanković cycles?

@borisdimitrov8968 17 күн бұрын

I don't know if this is the right place for suggestions. Anyway I hope you could explain the multiverse theory. Is it only fictional? I would love some Neil deGrasse Tyson's opinion on this

@evancaldwell7814 10 күн бұрын

Fell in love w her the second she said Operation Ivy.

@CaliforniaBushman 17 күн бұрын

As soon as JWST gets to the nearest Brown Dwarfs, we'll learn so much more.

@GinaCarmichael-nd2pt 12 күн бұрын

Somewhere in space of this commentary, I already attempted to answer, a theory, however, low mass star emission creating the terrestrial Habitability Zone does not reflect the organization of light for signs of life hospitable. Not enough fusion of the helium core hydrogen shelf's, to bring on quite red, M- dwarf.

@sacha11666 11 күн бұрын

That was cool ⚜️

@davidmclay6182 17 күн бұрын

A Call of Duty is a great unit of measurement for digital space. 500gb = ~4 x CoD. A terabyte is ~8 Call of Duties.

@Damita-ye2yl 17 күн бұрын

The Atticus voice! I can't with these guys!😂

@robwalker4548 17 күн бұрын

I would assume brown stars are more likely to contain planets more like the moons in our solar system. I also assume pairs of brown stars might be as common as it is for larger stars.