I have a Roman coin with Cesar on one side and two horses back to back on the other

Came across a brass button and wondering if it might also be a love token.??, size wise probably inch diameter, with a crown on the top and the the decorative letters HMG and below that the year 1802

Hello, Guy. Thank you for the video and highlighting the problems with recording, cataloguing and the subsequent access to the knowledge. I'm not based in the UK so I'm asking this out of naivety but is there no nation wide registry of finds and/or archaeological digs? Again asking out of naivety but when archaeological digs are funded, is there no requirement built into the funding to report in a timely manner of what was found? All that knowledge lost is heartbreaking.

I find it ironic that Samian sounds a lot like Zemjan pronounced Zemyan which means earth ware in macedonian! Could it be possible that the word came from the Macedonians? Like the word greek which comes from the Roman Latin word Grecians, and Grecians comes from the Macedonian word Grejci pronounced Greitsi meaning foreigners! There's a lot of pottery that is claimed to be ancient Greek but we know that the Greeks were still a minority group that King Philip II of Macedonia went and conquered! And we know that the Macedonians fell to the Romans when they rose to power, first invading the Etruscans and occupying them, then they ransacked Carthage and demolished it to the ground, next on the list was the Macedonians and this behaviour carried on everywhere they went! The Romans are credited as great builders but all I see is the destruction they caused! They ended the Egyptian monarchy! The Macedonians were using Clay long before the Romans appeared! Not just pottery, terracotta roof tiles and the standard flat terracotta brick! Wherever you find an archway built using this terracotta flat brick and also as a feature in wall's as a boarder, this is Macedonian and far older than the Roman period! The only time that Macedonians are mentioned in historical accounts is often confused with greek history which is a totally different history! There are lots of hints that people miss like why did only the Greeks get the title of Greco Romans when they completed their slavery contract and were able to purchase their freedom to become a Roman citizen? Did the Romans only take Greeks as slaves? I certainly doubt it, if the Romans were talking slaves from one area, then they would have been taking them from everywhere else, after all they did need people since Hannibal of Carthage was getting rid of the Roman population.... So either I don't know about others or the Greeks were the only ones? And if they were the only ones, why? Could it be possible that they were different compared to everyone else? They did arrive in Europe after the Santorini island volcano erupted, had they arrived before this cataclysm, they would have to have moved away from the epicenter and we would have a largely greek speaking Europe today, but the reality is that Europe is largely a Slavic speaking population which can only be traced back to the Macedonians who had to abandon their ancient capital city of Hella and relocate further east to the new city of Pella! The book of exodus from the bible tells us the story of how the Greeks or as they are called in the bible as Israelites, Moses was told by God to head for the pillar of smoke by day and pillar of fire by night, this pillar reference is the erupting Santorini volcano, so while the Israelites (Greeks/foreigners) are making progress towards the present day Greece, the Macedonians had already evacuated that location giving the opportunity for foreigners to turn up and occupy! And lo and behold there's an archeological layer that shows that the Israelites were there on the island of Crete! Below that layer is a thick ash layer from Santorini and below that is one of the many Macedonian kingdoms that surrounded the Macedonian capital. There's no chance that the Greeks actually achieved anything! Occupied by the Macedonians, then the Romans, then the Ottoman Empire! It's only after the fall of the Ottoman Turks with the helping hand of the British that the Greeks finally got their own identity, autonomy and recognition but for all the wrong reasons! All the ancient Macedonian ruins in Greece today are still nothing more than tourist attractions! And that's exactly what we see in every single other location around the world where something ancient was discovered but wasn't developed by the people who now occupy that land! The Greeks still have no idea what all those ancient building's were used for! If they did, they would have been rebuilt just like any other race of people or moved elsewhere and rebuilt there! There was never a greek military or navy! All the so called famous ancient Greek scholars weren't greek! All of the writings are written in the Macedonian koine alphabet in the Greek spoken language, that's like picking up a copy of Shakespeare written in the Greek spoken language with the English alphabet and calling Shakespeare greek because it's the only copy that survived! There are ancient books that appear to be greek but are in fact written in the old Macedonian koine alphabet and also written in the Macedonian spoken language, they are as rare as hen's teeth but They do exist! As a priest found out in a monastery in Alexandria Egypt, he found it in his church but couldn't read it even though it looked greek to him, thinking that it might be important, he commissioned two linguistic experts to decipher it but they couldn't read it either, one of the linguists sent a couple of pictures of pages from the book to a colleague linguist in Macedonia and he was able to read it like it was written yesterday! There's a very good reason why the Greek alphabet resembles the Slavic Macedonian alphabet... There are 3 different Macedonian alphabets The earliest known Macedonian alphabet is the Sanskrit alphabet which can also be found as the middle text on the Rosetta Stone... It's not Egyptian demotic as is currently claimed! The Macedonians have been in Europe since the last major ice age ended and has had plenty of time to become who they are today and all that they have achieved, the only other nation that actually achieved an empire close to the size of the Macedonian empire is the British! They said that history repeats, and they say that those who seldom forget history are deemed to repeat it to which I would add "without knowing it". Had the Macedonian empire not collapsed, eventually they would have worked out electricity and the rest would have been history... Just imagine how far into the future we would have been today? People only get so far before war sets in and set's people back.... The Romans were really destructive in nature... You just haven't seen it yet and when you do, you can't unsee it!

please keep going i love your channel

Broaches being essentially posh buttons, how does one figure out who would be wearing these things? Was there an alternative for the masses, or did they just fasten their clothes with ties?

A question for you Guy? Is it possible that the name Pontius Pilate is a title not a name.Pilate a type of Roman cap. Pontius, a representative of the College of Pontius that administrated the religions of Rome from the temple of the Universal Pantheon. In Latin the Catholic pantheon. A Capped Pontius from the Catholic Temple. A title and a twist of fate.

Archaeology: the discipline of milking sites for artefacts, while milking the funding - season after season after season.

Hi Guy, We have made a replica of a Greek kiln in which we fired replica rural pots made between the 5th and 3rd century BC, found in Metaponto in Naples. We produced black gloss that was not thick enough but could achieved a decent result with some vases. I watched your video expecting some comments on how the slip for Samian ware was produced but no mention of it was made. Could you please explain about this point? Is it shown in your book? Thanks

This video is so insightful. Thank you for sharing your work with us, Guy!

Thank you for sharing this and being frank. This is eye opening to say the least

Wow, Guy. Come to Israel to get cheered up. Archeology is a national pastime here, and we publish like hotcakes. For example, every year the City of David has a conference and a published bilingual summary of findings available for about £10. Okay, the English version can be a tad choppy, but the data is out there to see. Also, findings get pride of place in our museums, and items that do go to storage are held in secure conditions. Plus, we pioneered wet sifting, so we get small items which otherwise would be overlooked.

To answer your question, I have never, not once, watched a program showing the excavation of an archaeological site. That capital from the ruins of St. Botolph's Church is indeed an impressive piece. As a former museum technician, employed at the Smithsonian Institution of Washington DC, I assure you it was not at all unknown that a significant accession be lost.

A lot like dinosaurs bones great fun to dig up but years of work that may sit on a rack for more years

Another troubling dimension of publishing is that any discoveries or theories that challenge the current narratives face hostilities.

Somehow idealism still wins out over wisdom when it comes to history. Kings used to hold the story of history, and now it is some universities and corporations. Someday I hope that there can be a proper public library for archeology that can be expanded digitally in a timely manner and then backed up in a robust way.

Rutland 11 ---- Future Archeologists - will divide ruins into two types 1 - Those where 'Flying ducks' wall features have been found -- will connected to ''Patricians' 2. Those where spray can murals & daubs by Banksey have been found -- will be connected to 'Plebeians'

It would be interesting to hear your thoughts on the change digital technology is making to this. Presumably this makes recording easier (ease of photograhy, publication, ever increasing resolution on photographs, democratising the tools of publication at least digitally). And it makes reburying of information, at least more difficult (cost of replication tends to zero, searchability of online materials, lessening of likelihood a digital format could ever become unreadable). I sense these are optimistic trends given what you say- but im just some guy on the internet who has never published anything archaeological

If you cant publish the site within a set period, say 3 years, you should not be permitted to dig it.

brilliant analysis. and so true. as for the joy of being at the dig- its treasure hunting. who wouldnt love that? and thats not an insult. its reality and its kept archaeology going for centuries. its kept the past into the present

I just found this video and I must say it is a sad tale, but one that must be told. By the end I couldn't help but get a visual of the end of the Indiana Jones movie showing the Ark of the Covenant boxed up and being stored in a massive warehouse, lost to time. Perhaps it would better to leave the majority of this stuff where it lies and simply catalogue what we can? If we don't, the job of future archaeologists will simply be to find out where the old ones stored their finds.

I can believe every word to this, but I will add that now that people have iPhones and digital photography and it’s so easy to snap photos you know maybe there’s at least a little hope that at least there’s someway to have some sort of view of some of these things in the future. Someday you’ll probably be able to take a photo with the device that will create a 3-D model of the item and store that in the cloud.

@Robert Coleman

Thank you for the interesting information, Guy. It is disgraceful that this information is lost or hidden. I thought the whole point of excavating is to learn, share with the public, and also to admire the beauty, when applicable. You're doing the right thing, Guy. It's not a waste of time. Commendable. ETA: At least these days it is easier and safer to store the data digitally. That's a positive thing.

If you can turn it into a tourist attraction the site will survive. Otherwise, probably not. I think enjoy the fanciful description of future archeology in Jerome K Jerome's Three Men in a Boat.

The oficial ancient history is not a science, is a completely joke. Because it wants to create a narrative and only accepts things that agrees with the narrative. It never embraces the questions, never want to doubt anything. I imagine people in nomadic state, hunting and gathering, and developing agriculture as they walks around. Who develops agriculture while moves around all the time? Omg, and now we know the truth, people had entire cities before agriculture. see karahan tepe. Because is obvious for me that this developing is very slow and takes a lot of generations to improve plant species to make proper agriculture. My point is that my teatchers was never open to doubt anything, is a ridiculous matter, the ancient history. Have a lot to develop, oficial history is in a very primitive state of narcissism. Thank god for youtube, if wasnt this site I would never know about Tas tepeler sites.

I would say that there are similar issues across many fields of science.

So much for British history. Better to leave it in the back garden. Where it was repectfully buried.

Comedy of errors....

I must say that I preferred the delusion that everything was recorded in great detail and safely stored away! Seriously though, thanks for speaking about this.

So, bureaucracy is alive and well, even in museums. I can just see the smug mug of the desk-jockey who denied the archaeologists' request for access to the material.

Roman stuff in Britain is a side show at best

Academia is not well served by the market.

Aloha Guy, I've been a huge fan from early time team episodes! Your efforts are informative, inspiring, and vital. Thank you and Mahalo from Puna, Hawaii 🌋 🤙✌️🤘🖖

I've often thought about these issues and naively hoped that all was well. It seems that we are not that far removed from the day's of the amateur antiquarians who were often lambasted for poor record keeping losing finds.

I'm a university student - may I ask what are those things you keep holding up and behind you and what are these things called 'truths' you keep referring to?

Science vs 'the science' in yet another guise. The former has no agenda other than seeking the truth.

Please enable captions.

Thank you for broaching this topic. It needs to be seen and digested more widely. This uncertainty of what knowledge will survive and what will quickly be lost has often occupied my mind. I think it possible that the Egyptian pyramids original purpose was to serve as a very safe store for all of what was known at that time. The lack of hieroglyphs and other features are pointing away from them being built as tombs. The motive for building them may have been the sudden, extreme and very disruptive climate change that happened some six thousand years ago. Yet, even vast and original secure pyramids became empty shells. With the Earth’s protective magnetosphere now weakening, we are due for another upheaval, of the like that seems incredulous to those who have only swallowed the pseudoscience of anthropogenic global warming. Still, for the immediate short term. Microfiche. Anyone who is computer savvy can use a flat bed scanner to scan Microfiche sheets to digitize them. They can then be made searchable, which makes it so much easier to find anything using key-words. Moreover, once digitized, it become simple to make them available online. Whether they can be publicly free to view may depend on copyright status but that's another topic for another time. Alternatively, they can be digitised by one of the many scanning services (as many other organizations have an ‘old formate’ problem too). On the same topic. Archival discs (optical archival storage media) are available for purchase that claim to be able to store digitized data for a millennium. There are also published protocols, which if followed, ensure that the formates on which the data is stored is kept current by timely copying onto new formates (not forgetting the making of backup copies in case one or two copies are lost). For those that wish to know more then they could start by reading an article on the Apple community pages called Methodology to protect your data. Backups vs. Archives. Long-term data protection. Now, whilst this is simple and reasonably inexpensive for a computer savvy person to do themselves, we come back to one of the questions Guy asked: Who’s gonna do it? If enough people know about this problem then perhaps volunteer organizations will be created to preserve at least the low hanging fruit. There is a lot of interest in archaeology and the past on YT. It is a case of reaching out to find the right people to start a archaeological research data rescue project.

Great to see you Guy. What do you think can be done? about all these books. and your organization not letting people get in to look at stuff.I guess money is more important as always It's truly a shame. how these things are handled.

The global elites don't want a past they can't control ........much appreciated!!

This looks quite handy to the Torricola train stop which is the first local stop from central station, and the one I use to visit Via Appia on quiet sunday mornings.

I've seen a similar case, maybe opposite? I'll be told X or Y wasn't around. I go to a museum annnnd there is X and Y items from the time period. On full display. Or, the other is. Item on display, no information or context.

Love the way you think, makes me reconsider the readings on history I've consumed in my earlier years, but then again I always did. But then yet again, that's why I love history, it's a never ending story. Thx. 👍 Dead archeologists still tell tales. Hahahaha ❓

This made me very sad.

Makes the work of Squier and Davis here in Ohio all the more remarkable. They both had other jobs and still managed excellent excavations and published.

❤🎉❤ from 🇺🇸

Guy: Thank you for your expertise on Romano-British numismatics and archeology. I participate on two websites: One is dedicated to Roman history and the other has a large section focused on ancient numismatics. Could you comment on the fate of the many large numismatic hoards discovered in Britain and elsewhere and that are quickly forgotten or never released for public purchase? (BTW: Despite already having two of your books, it looks like I will need to purchase another. LoL😉 ) Good luck