Thank you for your comment Cami! We have great info and resources that can be found by visiting our website. I'll past the link here, we encourage you to explore, and feel free to reach out with any other questions you have! wyominguntrapped.org/overview-trapping-issues/

@@wyominguntrapped7548 i was looking for peer reviewed articles but thank you!

The subfamily Ictonychinae doesn't include the Pine Marten, and doesn't seem to have much in common with it. The family Eupleridae seems quite unique. Source: Wikipedia "List of Mustelids" (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mustelids).

Actually, the subfamilies Ictonychinae (Zorillas, Muishund, Shulang, Huro, and Grisons) and Guloninae (Wolverine, Tayra, Martens, and Fisher) are most closely related to each other and have more in common than we think, because of this, these subfamilies are more appropriately relocated to their own family, which is the family Ictonychidae, collectively known as ictonychids, these are also another unique family of carnivorans, much like malagasy carnivorans (family Eupleridae), the smallest living ictonychid is the Muishund (Poecilogale Albinucha) and the largest living ictonychid is the Wolverine (Gulo Gulo), ictonychids (both ictonychines and gulonines) are successful predators, with the huro, grisons, and gulonines (wolverine, tayra, martens, and fisher) being the most able to tackle larger prey.

References, please. That is, the name, author, etc. of a standard scientific publication that contains the information that you're presenting here. For example, I referred to the Wikipedia page "List of Mustelids" (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mustelids) for the information that I'm presenting here. Not exactly a scientific publication, but the best information I've found on the topic. I'm interested in learning more; as long as I know that the information is correct, complete, and generally accepted by scientific experts in the field.

To be fair, here's a classification of carnivorans: Taxonomy: • Order: •• Suborder: Caniformia (Dog-Like Carnivorans) ••• Infraorder: Cynopsia (Greater Caniforms) •••• Parvorder: Eufissipedia (Eufissipeds) ••••• Superfamily: Canoidea (Dogs and Fossil Relatives) •••••• Family: Canidae (Dogs (contains 14 genera: Urocyon, Atelocynus, Speothos, Chrysocyon, Lycalopex, Cerdocyon, Vulpes, Alopex, Otocyon, Nyctereutes, Lupulella, Lycaon, Cuon, and Canis)) ••••• Superfamily: Ursoidea (Bears and Giant Panda) •••••• Family: Ursidae (Bears (contains 4 genera: Tremarctos, Melursus, Helarctos, and Ursus)) •••••• Family: Ailuropodidae (Giant Panda (contains 1 genus: Ailuropoda)) •••• Parvorder: Pinnipedia (Pinnipeds) ••••• Superfamily: Phocoidea (Seal-Like Pinnipeds) •••••• Family: Phocidae (Seals (contains 12 genera: Leptonychotes, Ommatophoca, Hydrurga, Lobodon, Neomonachus, Monachus, Erignathus, Pusa, Histriophoca, Pagophilus, Halichoerus, and Phoca)) •••••• Family: Cystophoridae (Hooded Seal and Elephant Seals (contains 2 genera: Mirounga and Cystophora)) ••••• Superfamily: Otarioidea (Sea Lion-Like Pinnipeds) •••••• Family: Otariidae (Sea Lions and Fur Seals (contains 9 genera: Callorhinus, Arctophoca, Cynophoca, Arctocephalus, Eumetopias, Zalophus, Neophoca, Phocarctos, and Otaria)) •••••• Family: Odobenidae (Walrus (contains 1 genus: Odobenus)) ••• Infraorder: Galopsia (Lesser Caniforms) •••• Superfamily: Procyonoidea (Raccoons, Coatis, Skunks, and Relatives) ••••• Family: Mephitidae (Skunks and Stink Badgers (contains 4 genera: Mydaus, Conepatus, Spilogale, and Mephitis)) ••••• Family: Procyonidae (Raccoons, Ringtail, and Cacomistle (contains 2 genera: Bassariscus and Procyon)) ••••• Family: Ailuridae (Red Panda (contains 1 genus: Ailurus)) ••••• Family: Nasuidae (Coatis, Olingos, Olinguito, and Kinkajou (contains 4 genera: Potos, Bassaricyon, Nasuella, and Nasua)) •••• Superfamily: Musteloidea (Weasels, Badgers, Otters, and Relatives) ••••• Family: Melidae (Badgers (contains 7 genera: Melogale, Bassaritaxus, Helictis, Mellivora, Taxidea, Arctonyx, and Meles)) ••••• Family: Mustelidae (Weasels, Ferrets, and Minks (contains 12 genera: Leucictis, Neogale, Neoputorius, Neovison, Ailurogale, Aciogale, Flavogale, Flavictis, Sciurogale, Mustela, Putorius, and Mesovison)) ••••• Family: Lutridae (Otters (contains 12 genera: Pteronura, Hydrictis, Lutrogale, Lutra, Afrolutra, Pilosorhinus, Amblonyx, Aonyx, Enhydra, Lontra, Neolontra, and Hydrogale)) ••••• Family: Ictonychidae (Zorillas, Muishund, Shulang, Huro, Grisons, Wolverine, Tayra, Martens, and Fisher (contains 10 genera: Pekania, Charronia, Martes, Eira, Gulo, Galictis, Lyncodon, Vormela, Poecilogale, and Ictonyx)) •• Suborder: Feliformia (Cat-Like Carnivorans) ••• Infraorder: Aeluropsia (Cat-Shaped Feliforms) •••• Superfamily: Feloidea (Cats and Fossil Relatives) ••••• Family: Felidae (Cats (contains 14 genera: Herpailurus, Puma, Acinonyx, Neofelis, Panthera, Leptailurus, Caracal, Catopuma, Pardofelis, Otocolobus, Lynx, Prionailurus, Leopardus, and Felis)) ••• Infraorder: Crocutopsia (Hyena-Shaped Feliforms) •••• Superfamily: Hyaenoidea (Hyenas and Aardwolf) ••••• Family: Protelidae (Aardwolf (contains 1 genus: Proteles)) ••••• Family: Hyaenidae (Hyenas (contains 3 genera: Parahyaena, Crocuta, and Hyaena)) •••• Superfamily: Viverroidea (Civets, Mongooses, and Relatives) ••••• Family: Nandiniidae (African Palm Civet (contains 1 genus: Nandinia)) ••••• Family: Prionodontidae (Linsangs (contains 1 genus: Prionodon)) ••••• Family: Poianidae (Oyans (contains 1 genus: Poiana)) ••••• Family: Genettidae (Genets (contains 1 genus: Genetta)) ••••• Family: Viverridae (Civets (contains 12 genera: Civettictis, Viverricula, Viverra, Hemigalus, Chortogale, Dipogale, Macrogalidia, Cynogale, Arctogalidia, Arctictis, Paguma, and Paradoxurus)) ••••• Family: Herpestidae (Mongooses (contains 16 genera: Herpestes, Xenogale, Atilax, Ophiovora, Cynictis, Galerella, Paracynictis, Rhynchogale, Bdeogale, Ichneumia, Crossarchus, Suricata, Dologale, Helogale, Liberiictis, and Mungos)) ••••• Family: Eupleridae (Malagasy Carnivorans (contains 7 genera: Mungotictis, Galidictis, Salanoia, Galidia, Fossa, Cryptoprocta, and Eupleres))

There are actually now twenty-five extant families of mammals that make up the order Carnivora: 1) Canidae (Dogs (contains 14 genera: Urocyon, Atelocynus, Speothos, Chrysocyon, Lycalopex, Cerdocyon, Vulpes, Alopex, Otocyon, Nyctereutes, Lupulella, Lycaon, Cuon, and Canis)) 2) Ursidae (Bears (contains 4 genera: Tremarctos, Melursus, Helarctos, and Ursus)) 3) Ailuropodidae (Giant Panda (contains 1 genus: Ailuropoda)) 4) Phocidae (Seals (contains 12 genera: Leptonychotes, Ommatophoca, Hydrurga, Lobodon, Neomonachus, Monachus, Erignathus, Pusa, Histriophoca, Pagophilus, Halichoerus, and Phoca)) 5) Cystophoridae (Hooded Seal and Elephant Seals (contains 2 genera: Mirounga and Cystophora)) 6) Otariidae (Sea Lions and Fur Seals (contains 9 genera: Callorhinus, Arctophoca, Cynophoca, Arctocephalus, Eumetopias, Zalophus, Neophoca, Phocarctos, and Otaria)) 7) Odobenidae (Walrus (contains 1 genus: Odobenus)) 8) Mephitidae (Skunks and Stink Badgers (contains 4 genera: Mydaus, Conepatus, Spilogale, and Mephitis)) 9) Procyonidae (Raccoons, Ringtail, and Cacomistle (contains 2 genera: Bassariscus and Procyon)) 10) Ailuridae (Red Panda (contains 1 genus: Ailurus)) 11) Nasuidae (Coatis, Olingos, Olinguito, and Kinkajou (contains 4 genera: Potos, Bassaricyon, Nasuella, and Nasua)) 12) Melidae (Badgers (contains 7 genera: Melogale, Bassaritaxus, Helictis, Mellivora, Taxidea, Arctonyx, and Meles)) 13) Mustelidae (Weasels, Ferrets, and Minks (contains 12 genera: Leucictis, Neogale, Neoputorius, Neovison, Ailurogale, Aciogale, Flavogale, Flavictis, Sciurogale, and Mustela)) 14) Lutridae (Otters (contains 12 genera: Pteronura, Hydrictis, Lutrogale, Lutra, Afrolutra, Pilosorhinus, Amblonyx, Aonyx, Enhydra, Lontra, Neolontra, and Hydrogale)) 15) Ictonychidae (Zorillas, Muishund, Shulang, Huro, Grisons, Wolverine, Tayra, Martens, and Fisher (contains 10 genera: Pekania, Charronia, Martes, Eira, Gulo, Galictis, Lyncodon, Vormela, Poecilogale, and Ictonyx)) 16) Felidae (Cats (contains 14 genera: Herpailurus, Puma, Acinonyx, Neofelis, Panthera, Leptailurus, Caracal, Catopuma, Pardofelis, Otocolobus, Lynx, Prionailurus, Leopardus, and Felis)) 17) Protelidae (Aardwolf (contains 1 genus: Proteles)) 18) Hyaenidae (Hyenas (contains 3 genera: Parahyaena, Crocuta, and Hyaena)) 19) Nandiniidae (African Palm Civet (contains 1 genus: Nandinia)) 20) Prionodontidae (Linsangs (contains 1 genus: Prionodon)) 21) Poianidae (Oyans (contains 1 genus: Poiana)) 22) Genettidae (Genets (contains 1 genus: Genetta)) 23) Viverridae (Civets (contains 12 genera: Civettictis, Viverricula, Viverra, Hemigalus, Chortogale, Dipogale, Macrogalidia, Cynogale, Arctogalidia, Arctictis, Paguma, and Paradoxurus)) 24) Herpestidae (Mongooses (contains 16 genera: Herpestes, Xenogale, Atilax, Ophiovora, Cynictis, Galerella, Paracynictis, Rhynchogale, Bdeogale, Ichneumia, Crossarchus, Suricata, Dologale, Helogale, Liberiictis, and Mungos)) 25) Eupleridae (Malagasy Carnivorans (contains 7 genera: Mungotictis, Galidictis, Salanoia, Galidia, Fossa, Cryptoprocta, and Eupleres)) There are also nine extant superfamilies: 1) Canoidea (Dogs and Fossil Relatives (contains 1 family: Canidae)) 2) Ursoidea (Bears and Giant Panda (contains 2 families: Ursidae and Ailuropodidae)) 3) Phocoidea (Seal-Like Pinnipeds (contains 2 families: Phocidae and Cystophoridae)) 4) Otarioidea (Sea Lion-Like Pinnipeds (contains 2 families: Otariidae and Odobenidae)) 5) Procyonoidea (Raccoons, Coatis, Skunks, and Relatives (contains 4 families: Mephitidae, Procyonidae, Ailuridae, and Nasuidae)) 6) Musteloidea (Weasels, Badgers, Otters, and Relatives (contains 4 families: Melidae, Mustelidae, Lutridae, and Ictonychidae)) 7) Feloidea (Cats and Fossil Relatives (contains 1 family: Felidae)) 8) Hyaenoidea (Hyenas and Aardwolf (contains 2 families: Protelidae and Hyaenidae)) 9) Viverroidea (Civets, Mongooses, and Relatives (contains 7 families: Nandiniidae, Prionodontidae, Poianidae, Genettidae, Viverridae, Herpestidae, and Eupleridae)) Here are the two major carnivoran suborders: 1) Caniformia (Dog-Like Carnivorans (contains 15 families: Canidae, Ursidae, Ailuropodidae, Phocidae, Cystophoridae, Otariidae, Odobenidae, Mephitidae, Procyonidae, Ailuridae, Nasuidae, Melidae, Mustelidae, Lutridae, and Ictonychidae)) 2) Feliformia (Cat-Like Carnivorans (contains 10 families: Felidae, Protelidae, Hyaenidae, Nandiniidae, Prionodontidae, Poianidae, Genettidae, Viverridae, Herpestidae, and Eupleridae))