The settlement of a large part of the island of Great Britain by German-speaking tribes from continental North-Western Europe, in the period from the middle of the 5th to the beginning of the 7th century AD. e., played an important role in the formation of the English language and the whole Kingdom of England. Therefore, it is not surprising that this episode in the history of the region has become the subject of a significant amount of research. However, despite this, uncertainty remains about the number of settlers and the nature of their relationship with the pre-existing inhabitants of the island, in particular with the Romano-Britons.
Traditionally, before the development of modern science, knowledge about the settlement of Britain by the Angles, Saxons, Utes and Frisians was based on two historical texts: "The Church History of the Anglo People" and the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle". The Church History, written by Bede the Venerable, is believed to have been completed in 731 CE. NS. And the original version of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle was compiled at the end of the 9th century AD. BC, and copies of it were updated at least until the middle of the 12th century AD. NS. Both of these documents describe a massive invasion and rapid displacement of the indigenous population, which was later disputed by archaeologists. Their data suggests that the changes associated with the arrival of the Germanic-speaking tribes were relatively slow, which contradicts the idea of ​​a quick replacement of the Romano-Britons. Analyzes of oxygen and strontium isotopes of the Anglo-Saxons have shown that only a small number of them originate from continental Europe. In turn, an analysis of genome-wide data from the 2016 work showed that the Anglo-Saxons were closely associated with modern Danes and Dutch, and their contribution to the people living in East Anglia today is about 38%.
In the new work, using the methods of geometric morphometry, the authors decided to estimate as a percentage the number of Anglo-Saxons, whose origin corresponds to North-Western Europe and the post-Roman period of Great Britain. And overall to shed light on the extent of the migration from continental Northwest Europe that occurred between the mid-5th and early 7th centuries CE. NS.
To do this, the scientists used three-dimensional skull analysis techniques to compare specimens from medieval England, as well as earlier, with those from Iron Age Denmark.
#history #anthropology #science #England
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Sources:
Plomp KA, Dobney K, Collard M (2021) A 3D basicranial shape-based assessment of local and continental northwest European ancestry among 5th to 9th century CE Anglo-Saxons. PLoS ONE 16 (6): e0252477. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone....
Auxiliary:
Schiffels, S., Haak, W., Paajanen, P. et al. Iron Age and Anglo-Saxon genomes from East England reveal British migration history. Nat Commun 7, 10408 (2016). doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10408
Batini, C., Hallast, P., Zadik, D. et al. Large-scale recent expansion of European patrilineages shown by population resequencing. Nat Commun 6, 7152 (2015). doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8152
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