Рет қаралды 25,148
/ pike_and_shot_channel
/ pikeandshotbat1
/ pikeandshotbattles
/ pikeandshotbattles.doc...
After the imperial election of 1519 Charles V is elected Holy Roman Emperor. Tension mounts with Francis I. Henry VIII is acting as an arbiter, therefore the war starts slowly. Prospero Colonna outmaneuvers the French commanded by Lautrec. The imperialists entrench themselves and destroy the charging Swiss pikemen at the Battle of Bicocca.
Soon Venice also joins the imperialist side, and English troops land in the north of France. Francis sends Bonnivet to Italy with a large army. Charles de Lannoy defeats them at the Battle of Sesia, killing the Chevalier Bayard in the battle.
Next the Emperor sends Charles Bourbon to France; however he is forced to withdraw as Francis himself invades Italy, proceeding to besiege Pavia.
The Italian Wars was a series of conflicts that raged between 1494 and 1559 between the two major European powers, the Habsburgs who ruled the Holy Roman Empire and later Spain, and the Valois kings of France. At the height of the conflict the war involved Tudor England, the Ottoman Empire, Hungary, and all of Italy either as passive or active participants.
In terms of military tactics and strategy the Italian Wars saw the greatest innovations since the Roman Empire. Artillery finally came of age during the war prompting radical changes in terms of fortifications and battlefield tactics. Swiss pikemen, Landsknechts, and Spanish musketeers were amalgamated into a new type of standardized European infantry, the pike and shot formation. Cavalry although diminished in numbers, retained its place on the battlefield, being differentiated into heavy cavalry (men at arms), light cavalry and dragoons. In terms of strategy frontal medieval charges were replaced by careful maneuvering, the use of natural or man-made obstacles, and a keen attention to logistics. Commanders no longer fought in the front lines, but rather became managers of their armies. Politically the war shaped and reshaped the destinies of European countries for centuries to come.
Bibliography:
Mallett, M (2012). The Italian Wars 1494-1559 War, State and Society in Early Modern Europe
amzn.to/3fl8Feq
Potter, D (2008). Renaissance France at War
amzn.to/2QYxnrE
Taylor, F L (1921). The Art of War in Italy 1494-1529
amzn.to/3fLxvTz
Turnbull, S (2006). The Art of Renaissance Warfare
amzn.to/3yIWmQu
Arnold, T (2001). The Renaissance at War
amzn.to/3bYQXLs
Hall, B S (1997). Weapons and Warfare in Renaissance Europe
amzn.to/3bShIkM
Koenigsberg, H G (1968). Europe in the Sixteenth Century
amzn.to/2RFmw6n
Guicciardini, F (1561). The History of Italy
amzn.to/3vkhryN
Gamberini, A (2012). The Italian Renaissance State
amzn.to/3hUCJPC
Martines, L (1968). Political Conflict in the Italian City States
Nicolle, D (1996). Fornovo 1495
amzn.to/3fMLY1D
Konstam, A (1996). Pavia 1525
amzn.to/3vqqUVm
Parker, G (2019). Emperor A New Life of Charles V
amzn.to/34kIY7p
Mallet, M (1974). Mercenaries and Their Masters
amzn.to/2StnOBs
Janin, H (2013). Mercenaries in Medieval and Renaissance Europe
amzn.to/3bXza7r
Brewer, P (1998). Warfare in the Renaissance world
amzn.to/3yHIOET
Murphy, D (2007). Condottiere 1300-1500
amzn.to/3fQ5Uk3
Lopez, I (2012). The Spanish Tercios 1536-1704
amzn.to/3wvzXUU
Miller, D (1976). The Landsknechts
amzn.to/3hVrYN9
Miler, D (1979). The Swiss at War 1300-1500
amzn.to/3yIR6MM
Richards, J (2002). Landsknecht Soldier 1486-1560
amzn.to/3g355Vx
Pohl, J (2015). Armies of Castile and Aragon 1370-1516
amzn.to/2TnrtRF
Held, R (1978). The Age of Firearms: A Pictorial History
amzn.to/3fNZe6b
0:00 Imperial Election of 1519
1:49 Maneuvering
4:16 Bicocca
7:47 1523
9:26 Sesia
11:12 Invasion of Provence
#ItalianWars #BattleofBicocca #Pavia