What turns a bee into a Queen? The epigenetics of bee development

Рет қаралды 11,301

Күн бұрын

Worker bees and the queen bee are virtually genetically identical, however there are massive difference between these two types of bee. So what is the reason for this.
The answer to this question is something called epigenetics. This is the way that organisms decide which genes to use and which to not use.
In this video I’m going to introduce the concepts involved in epigenetics and how it works. I’m then going to explain how this all relates to the bees that I mentioned at the beginning of the video.
In order to explain this, we need to understand the role of DNA. I’ve already made a whole video on this subject, but in this video I’ll just give a quite quick overview.
The DNA in our cells is a set of instructions, it tells the cell how to make proteins and proteins do pretty much everything in our cells and bodies for that matter. A section of DNA that codes for a single protein is called a gene.
Epigenetics relates to how cells switch on and off specific genes. Switching genes off happens by a process called DNA methylation. Genes are switched on by a process called histone acetylation. Switching on and off genes makes sure that cells only have the genes that they will use switched on through their life.
I've had a go at putting chapters in the description below.
0:00 Introduction
0:40 The role of DNA
4:39 How epigenetics works
7:40 Bees
10:04 Bee Epigenetics
Waugsberg, CC BY-SA 3.0 creativecommons.org/licenses/..., via Wikimedia Commons

Пікірлер: 59

@juliusdaviesd Жыл бұрын

I think I learned more about genetics here than all my years of Science in school! This truly helps me get over the 'Learning Curve'

@mx6fe3 Жыл бұрын

You have a narrative style that really keeps the listener engaged. Fantastic work.

@Kisanorame Жыл бұрын

So theoretically we could alter the genes in our skin so that we sweat insulin? Imagine getting that done and having a job where you just do sick workouts in a lab and sweat in a big bucket for money.

@PJ-he5zk Жыл бұрын

Gross... FUND IT!

@alternativewalls4988 Жыл бұрын

Bacteria do that far better, more sterile and much cheaper And if we were able to change gene expression in living and mature human cells, then it'd be easier to allow patients suffering from diabetes to produce their own insulin

@mythrilchromee1379 Жыл бұрын

Dont make yourself sweat oil, the us will come for you lol

@LearningCurveScience Жыл бұрын

Yes absolutely. They are currently working on gene therapies for people who suffer from type 1 diabetes. They would get other cell to produce the insulin instead of the damaged pancreas cells.

@milobem4458 Жыл бұрын

sweat seems a bit wasteful. It's hard to control or collect. Better would be activating mammary glands to produce insulin.

@milobem4458 Жыл бұрын

@8:05 Small correction. Not all workers in the hive have the same father. The queen usually mates with several (3-10) males, and her daughters can sometimes even look different, depending on who's their daddy, if they were different breeds. They of course don't care about their look, but a beekeeper can tell the difference.

@LearningCurveScience Жыл бұрын

Yes you're quite correct. I just didn't want to confuse the issue.

@coachpotato7353 Жыл бұрын

While Learning Curve lacks the spectacle or voice talent of channels with budget, like crash course, real science etc. their take on complex topics is absolutely admirable!

@LearningCurveScience Жыл бұрын

Thank you very much. Learning Curve is just me, I research, write, narrate, animate and edit everything myself, which is probably why it looks a bit amateurish, but I'm absolutely fine with that. I like being a 1 man show.

@PJ-he5zk Жыл бұрын

Another brilliant and wonderfully explained video, good work!

@LearningCurveScience Жыл бұрын

Thank you so much. It means a lot that people appreciate the videos that I make.

@TaranovskiAlex Жыл бұрын

Awesome material, thank you!

@amasaro70 Жыл бұрын

I am so happy to have discovered this channel.

@LearningCurveScience Жыл бұрын

Welcome aboard, good to have you here.

@nadeeneriddick2653 Жыл бұрын

Would you mind sharing the names/authors of the studies you cited in this video (i.e., silencing of DNMT gene, Effects of 10 HAD, Effects of p coumaric acid, Effects of microRNAs)? Awesome video! Thanks!!

@musicalintentions Жыл бұрын

great video 🐝

@richardthelong Жыл бұрын

thank you so much for this channel. i love the narration and the overall information that's given. thank you for opening the world up for people.

@LearningCurveScience Жыл бұрын

Thank you so much for the lovely comment. I want people to get excited about science in the same way that I am

@richardthelong Жыл бұрын

@@LearningCurveScience I play your videos so much that my wife is starting to hate you and she doesn't even know you! Keep up the great work.

@efebrahim Жыл бұрын

riveting, keep em coming

@lilylife4426 Жыл бұрын

Brilliant!

@michaelfried3123 Жыл бұрын

This video is helping save me from an otherwise pretty boring day!

@pbest5040 8 ай бұрын

When I look at open brood I do not see bee bread , fermented pollen , ever. What happened to the idea that queens and workers are fed the same 'royal jelly' , a mixture of substances from the hypopharengeal gland and mandibular gland , for 2-3 days , then fed with differing proportions , depending on caste , for the remainder of feeding ? Also , is bee bread not just pollen that has been preserved when not immediately used?

@jalepezo Жыл бұрын

Lamark evolutuion? is is possible due to epigenetics?

@billynomates920 Жыл бұрын

now this is a good channel for parents out there who want to supplement their child's education - pick a video to watch together and when it's finished, ask your kid to explain it - just one video a night and you can both learn something interesting as well as your child getting practice at absorbing, processing and deseminating information, thinking critically and speaking confidently. you can then enjoy some satisfying role-reversal by repeatedly asking them: why? everytime they try to tell you something! also, when they inevitably ask why you always get to choose the video, you can teach them a little discipline and respect for authority by telling them that you're the parent and they're the child but sweeten that hard-to-swallow pill by suggesting they can pick the next video if they like and then boom! - you've just provided your kids with an hour's home-learning that you can look good telling all the other parents about at the school gates tomorrow.😏😉😃

@marcinwitkowski217 Жыл бұрын

Sir you are truly perfect example of a father role according to words written by you.

@billynomates920 Жыл бұрын

@@marcinwitkowski217 it's a tough world, if i was a father i'd half-starve my kids and beat them every day when i came home from work but i'd talk a good game at the school gates....

@GiddyThis 7 ай бұрын

Who is the lucky one ? The worker or the queen

@AFacemarkedbyFea Жыл бұрын

This channel is fantastic. Most of these channels are essay channels with stock pics. You actually put effort in watchable interesting videos! Absolutely Hitler! Love it 666

@debblez Жыл бұрын

when it gets to the other side of the honeycomb

@ozfresh Жыл бұрын

so what would happen if you raised kids with royal jelly included in their diet?

@JEPATTERSON07 Жыл бұрын

So, Royal Jelly is an epigenetic influencer? Epigenerational.

@emmanuelramirezbarron9906 2 ай бұрын

Wooooooowwwwwww super interesante

@whitemale6227 Жыл бұрын

The short story is that we dont know why some bees become queens. Saved you a lot of time.

@EaglehawkMoonfang Жыл бұрын

Wish I was a honeybee

@alichefortune862 Жыл бұрын

How did people ever learn anything without the internet?

@tiberiusgracchus4222 Жыл бұрын

By talking to each other, by reading literature, and by doing stuff.

@Cvo-581 Жыл бұрын

Libraries

@RyeboyDigital Жыл бұрын

@CEO of Unpopular Opinions internet didn’t exist yet

@amasaro70 Жыл бұрын

Is the voice-over robotic?

@LearningCurveScience Жыл бұрын

No it's me

@brandonheaton6197 Жыл бұрын

fantastic metaphors for teaching basic cell biology to children the transcription factors associate due to complementary surfaces optimizing intermolecular forces and they associate with the polymerase through the same mechanism. the methylation of the histone tails, not the nucleic acid, is what attracts the dna condensing enzymes which wind the chromatin tightly. alternatively, the histone tails can be acylated which attracts dna decondensing enzymes, unwinding the chromatin exposing the promoter regions to binding by the transcription factors. there were a few other minor errors, but overall your mental model of the system is developing well sincerely bored science tutor