This is important for all warriors. Past and present.

I think every Elder Scrolls player can concur. We won't even see our characters that often but we often spend hours trying to pick out how our characters look lol

That explains why so many people have stupid tattoos.

Did they have any connection with the Egyptians, they connected the color blue with the sky, the solar cycle, and rebirth. Druids were said by Caesar to have believed in reincarnation, and the Egyptians did too, everything they knew and experienced was part of a cycle, from the annual flood of the Nile River that nourished their land to the daily rising and setting of the sun. Even their own lives were a cycle, which moved from birth to death to rebirth.

​@@patricklapointe4979 The Sumerian word "Ur-sag" means Warrior, in Sumerian, Ur means Dog, Sag means Head, meaning Dog-Head. Bau, Bau is the sound the dog makes, Goddess of War and Healing, mother of god of Rebirth, The Swine Star, head of the Dragon Draco, Damu "The Child", it means Blood, Brother and Relative, son of The Chief Ancestor Pabilsag, we call Sagittarius, husband to the Urgula, the Dog-Headed, Goddess Bau-Gula, The She Goat Star we call Vega. Urgula means both Lion and Great Dog. Taweret the Hippo/Lion/Crocodile goddess of Rebirth was seen as Draco, God Of Chaos was her husband, we know as Set, Thigh of the Ox Leg, the 7 stars of the Big Dipper. Sagittarius is known as the Hips(Hippo) and Thighs. Sagittarius stands at the Golden Gate of the Gods, Taweret is also known as Reret The Sow. Ur-bar-ra Ur-sag means "Wolf Warrior". The word 'bar' means Son, and Ra is the Sun, but in Irish "rá" means Saying, utterance and Lion means Net. Alla or Alla-gula the sukkal (attendant deity) of Ningishzida, the god of the underworld, was a dying god similar to Dumuzi and Damu. Alla-gula, "Alla the great," is also attested. Additionally, the god list An = Anum indicates that he could be referred to with the Sumerian epithet Lugal-sapar, "lord of the net." The net is well attested as a divine weapon. My name is Weylyn Lewallyn McCullough, their meaning in order "Son of the Wolf", "Like a Lion/Ruling", "Son of the Boar". Wyrd isn't it, but Cool, is was born under the star Alula, the paw at the end of Ursa Major's back leg, it means "First Born". McCullough's Irish meaning is "Son of the Hound of Ulster", the Hound of Ulster was Cú Chulainn.

Hey sir knight! Great to have you here :)

@@metatronyt I just love the idea of the Romans landing on these islands, with the white cliffs and the haunted reputation, and facing armies from the long past, with chariots that were only mentioned in history books. what an image.

I agree. Ive been studying the Gauls for some time and learned a few new things! Thank you Metatron.

@@ModernKnight For the Romans, it might have felt like stepping into a time warp.

Hey bro, why did Germanics conquer Celts? Why not vice versa?

We still do, it's the Britons who don't think highly of the Gauls.

@@Knoloaify Oh come on, you guys have spat on us for centuries.

@@sarchlalaith8836 Yeah, that kind of what happens when the island next door keeps trying to invade you. But nowadays it's not a thing anymore, back in the middle ages "son of English" was an insult, but nowadays we find the English to be pretty cool if anything else. The only thing we'll bash the English on is their cuisine, but that's hardly something that comes up often. We tend to bash (often unjustly) Americans rather than English people, we respect the later much more than the former.

@@Knoloaify in fairness in the past the islands, and continent on two sides constantly invaded us... Likewise French was generally a word used to describe cowards, but that's not so common any more. I know, and that still happens even though English cheese beat French in France at good fares, that's a lingering thing from rationing in WW2, which still hasn't really let mutton back on the menu, sadly. Interestingly champaign is English, methodoise de champenoise 1664. British beef and lamb is considered the finest in the world, and rightly so, but we never stop getting s**t on for our food. Yeah much of this amnity is rooted in the recent past and ancient past, it really should stay there. Oh and, we definitely agree there, on both counts. Those dammed colonials ;)

@@Knoloaify Is there even such a thing as English/British cuisine? Isn't that an oxymoron, like military intelligence?

That's what I was thinking. It's also common for a culture that travels to a new area to be more insular and old fashioned. The same happens with languages as well. Likely proximity to the Mediterranean also influenced the Gauls earlier - by the time of Caesar they aren't all that different from the early Romans really and in terms of language and some aspects of culture there's a lot of crossover. There was mutual intelligibility between the Gauls and Romans for example. Moreso than either had with Germanic peoples.

Probably. I mean, that would make sense. 🤔

Britain wasn’t insulted, there was a lot of trade and contact between Gaul (and Belgae) and Britain and then Rome and Britain.

Wtf r we talking about just cause ppl stayed and puppy guarded the old country doesn't mean much they apparently lost as much as the 1s that traveled off where ever then we can't even agree on any of that's lol 🙃😅

Roger roger

Yes, I knew I wasn't the only one that heard 'droids'. ... were Caesar's legions Clones then? They wre pretty uniform after all.....

Roman: Titus, send in the legio Cybernetica

@@kettlehead8994 *ENGAAAGE THE LINKAGE OMNISSIIIIIAH*

I clearly heard "druid", but your comment made me imagine the game Kenshi in real life

Celtic tribes adapted through time, he made it very clear in the video, but as far as discipline and drilling go, even later Gaulish mercenaries (mainly cavalry auxiliary) where considered undisciplined for Roman standard and would sometimes charge without orders.

Yea when the Gauls sack Rome invade Greece and serve Hannibal they’re essentially a superior equipped heavy infantry force that is useful for frontal charge. By Vercengetorix they don’t have the technological advantage anymore so they’re using the same type of infantry as Rome but inferior plus heavy cavalry like the Germanics but in fewer numbers because they’re fighting on their own land and need horses for agriculture. Vercengetorix goes scorched earth to reallocate resources but he only has a few flashes of tactical brilliance like a lucky cavalry charge at Gergovia.

I conveniently got an ad for Icelandic yoghurt (skyr) on this video 😂

Just call him milk! XD

I mean. There's worse things to compare yourself too...

So his username is milk🤣🤣🤣

Read fairy tales about gnomes and other stunted fantasy creatures if you want a more detailed history of the welsh

"they didn't have writing" keep in mind, The Christian Church sought out and eradicated any an all traces of the previous "heathen" cultures they could find, and they had a lot of time to do it.

There are a number of poems and short pieces in old welsh. you can google it. it's usually not given a lot of credit, historically or by scholars, but neither were the Greenland chronicles until they found Norse settlements in Canada.

BTW, my mom's maiden name is Wakefield. i'm welsh too...:)

Some specimens of Poetry by the Ancient Welsh Bards Celtic bards were employed by their patrons as verse-makers and a mans pedigree was his land title so we have a wealth of written information about them.

That sounds more like the Germanic cult who attacked the Romans at night while painted completely black

So that's the original corpsepaint LOL

Same

You mean Getafix's side-kicks?

Apparently I'm the only here who already knew about Vercingetorix, Boudicca and Caradoc. Sad.

@@Anaris10 how did you deduce that? Surely anyone familiar with the adventures of Asterix would also know those historical figures, as they're all mentioned in the books. Is that not the beauty of such works, that they present ideas to an audience, to give them at least a little knowledge which may then lead on to further enquiries? After all, we're all now watching Metatron!

Me, I think of Crixus ..the undefeated Gaul.

Ireland fought Rome in 3 wars, The Great Conspiracy 367-368 AD, Welsh insurrection in 391-393, and the Irish invasion and seizure of Western Briton in 401 AD. "ancient Celtic fighting style" probably not correct as the Irish used Weapons such as War hammers, Great Axes and even two handed swords in the late 300's which outclassed the Roman and Greece fighting systems since they relied on shield protection and metal armor designed against spears. Also a big reason why Roman lost so many Emperors in Britain and why is had such a large portion of the Western Roman Army and Navy

@@bmc7434 Can you provide a reference for information on these war hammers, great axes and two handed swords being used by the Irish, I would be very interested in reading more about it ? The Irish raided Roman Britain, traded with Romans and served as mercenaries for Rome in Britain. There was plenty of contact between the two groups. In fact Irish sword design was based more on the gladius and spatha because of this contact. However, Irish tactics called for lightly armed men and maneuverablity. Spears were the most common weapon and shields were small to aid speed and maneuverability. This remained so until the Vikings arrived with their heavier weapons.

Guerilla Warfare was still used up until 100 years ago during the Irish War of Independence albeit with firearms and not swords and bows

Did the use War Chariots until the Viking Age?

@@alicelund147 As far as I'm aware there's no evidence that chariots were ever used in Ireland, the landscape was not suitable.

Knock knock, it's the Imperium Romanum.

@@majora4prez543 ooooof

@@majora4prez543 1800 years later: knock knock its the british empire, you get imperialized 😎😎

Japan had rice cultivation and various iron working technologies from china, it also got guns ahead of china, in general it depends on the time. A more accurate representation was the Ainus

@@yonathanrakau1783 C Rose was probably referring to the Tokugawa Shogunate's Sakoku.

Yep, bring on the rest, Raff!

no.

Top comment

Your name, and the fact that you tell us you're blue leads to this question: Are you a Smurf?

The colour of freedom

Funnily enough the Scots seem to love getting pissed and playing this 😂

Oddly enough many languages didn't start with a word for blue but said green or grey instead...

@@edi9892 I've seen that reported a few times over the last year, but I don't like research that starts with a hypothesis and only seeks to corroborate that, disregarding anything else.

@@avd-wd9581 I remember reading of a study on this, they did a test with a tribe that still didn't have a word for blue, and they saw blue as another tint of green

Some languages such as ancient Egyptian do not have separate words for "green" and "blue" - the same word is used for both colors.

@@jasonrabdale Just the first five search results for "Egyptian language colors" prove you wrong.

@@DeReAntiqua I actually have been learning a lot from research I've done on my own time; I'm just saying that I've been looking forward to a Metatron video on the Celts as well.

@@matthewmuir8884 look up a channel name Survive The Jive he talks about a lot of Indo-European stuff (Celtics, Germanics, Italics, Slavics, Baltics, Greeks, And Anatolian & Tocharian History

@@ronjayrose9706 that guy is a germanophile you arent going to get alot of stuff about the celts outta him lol. He does have some interedting stuff on his channel about neolithic and bronze age britain tho.

@@ronjayrose9706 Today I learned that the Tocharians existed!

The Insular peoples were never called Celts.

I second that, it's a quality channel!

The problem I have with the channel is that outside Welsh and Irish tales, the information is very basic. The guy doesn't know anything about archaeology, especially from the stuff discovered on the continent.

He also does Norse and Greek mythology too

But he gave up trying to defeat them.

@@alicelund147 _Its because Julius Gaius Caesar had higher priorities in Gaul, but Paulinus and Agricola came later and kicked ass in Brittania and up north in Caledonia.

"Freakin danger smurfs"

Damn, I must be a fucking peasant then

Ayyy its joe rogan

Hear, hear! Half Italian/half Irish here!

@@anta3612 yeah

Me, an Austrian by birth, do not understands, what you are up about. Because " Der Stoff aus dem Joghurt gemacht ist" translates to "The stuff,yoghurt is made of", or short "milk". What kind of curse is milk? Sorry for my bad english.

@@bernhardfriedrich2847 a very mild insignificant one compared to your Eyeball(s) getting some Papercut(s)

I think it’s the proliferation of cheesy fantasy Celtic tattoos you see often

Yea Atlantic Bronze Age needs to be further popularized. It’s so obvious that all the Atlantic seaboard celts interact with Rome much different than their inland cousins. Generally they compromise with the Romans because I think they were far more mobile and mercantile

Metatron is still clinging to outdated theories that Hallstatt and La Tene were Celtic because Herodotus did not know where the Danube truly started. He is woefully uninformed and simply trusting popular sources instead of listening to the President of the International Congress for Celtic Studies, Dr. Patrick Sims-Williams in his paper "An Alternative to 'Celtic from the East' and 'Celtic from the West'" where the thoroughly refutes any notion that Celts were Central Europeans and connected to Hallstatt and La Tene. The people who called themselves Celts were Lusitanians (shocking, I know) and the Celtici tribes all around them, encompassing all of Iberia except for Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior. They had trading posts and settlements in southern and central France. That is it for the Celts.

The Iron Age Scythians received a new tattoo for each enemy kill, so the tattoo was a record and a sign of status within the tribe.

@@caitryan8262 Horseangel gangster

There are a few records about the warriors of my Frisian ancestors wearing their hair in plumes on top of the head and then shaving and tattooing the sides with plant and animal motives. These are records from their enemies during the Frisian Freedom (roughly 995 to 1400, but ended at different times in different parts), so take with a pinch of salt. But it does fit with the pictures we have of Frisian crusaders. Can´t see the tattoos there, but the hair is consistent.

Otzi, the prehistoric Iceman who was found between the borders of Austria and Italy, had tattoos.

Such as the Galatians who invaded/inhabited what is now modern day Turkey and were spoken of in the bible

Yup, the Gaelleci, the Celtiberians, the Hallstatt, and many many more

I think that was courtesy of Cad Bane 😃

There is no evidence of Celts using the spiral triskelion, that is found at Newgrange, to decorate themselves. It is a pre Celtic symbol that isnt found inscribed anywhere in Europe after 2000 BCE. The people that built Newgrange died out almost completely. Historians are unsure what caused this. But we know the Celtic people living in Ireland and Britain at this time, are not their descendants.

@@TheEggmaniac They are the descendants of Bronze Age beaker people, though, who did not build Newgrange and other sites but did use or re-use them, so it may have had some meaning to them too. I am not sure about the 'died out completely' either; we don't have enough samples yet. A Neolithic woman from northern Ireland seems to have matches with living people. The Neolithic y-chromosome, however, did seem to mostly vanish.

@@sonofherne The Beaker People didnt reach Ireland And Britain until around 2500 BCE. Thats at least 500 years after Newgrange was built. They were late reaching those parts, having been around in the rest of Western Europe for a while. We dont know who the people that built Newgrange were but geneticists have discovered that 90% of their population was replaced by these people from the continent. We dont know whether the Beaker People killed the inhabitants they found there, or if they died from disease or starvation caused by some natural event. How Celtic really is the Triskelion spiral design? It can be found on the Newgrange neolithic monument in Ireland. Dated to about 5000 years ago. It was carved about 2000 years before there were any Celts in Ireland. It was found in other parts of Europe about that time period too. Today its really just a Reconstructionist Neo Pagan symbol that was used to represent Celts from the 19th Century onwards. There is no evidence the ancient Celts used it.

The information on this video is completely outdated.

@@jboss1073 What's the more updated info?

@@alonsoACR Read Patrick Sims-Williams's paper entitled "An Alternative to 'Celtic from the East' and 'Celtic from the West'". He is the current President of the International Congress of Celtic Studies. Long story short: The British, Irish, Scottish, Welsh, Cornish, Bretons, were never called Celts historically. The same Greeks who lived among the Celts of Iberia and southern France also visited Britannia and Hibernia (Ireland) and they never identified the people there as Celts, even though they sometimes called even the Basques and Lusitanians Celts. The British, Irish, etc, only started calling themselves Celts with the Romanticism movement of the 18th century which had lasting influences in academia up until today. These Romanticist ideas were usually associated with Biblical origins - hence the idea that the British are Celts is inherently tied with British Israelism - as well as with Nordic people - hence the idea that the British are Celts is inherently tied with Nordicism. The now-known erroneous association between Celts and Hallstatt and La Tene came from only three facts, all of which have come to be refuted: (1) Herodotus was misread to have located the Celts "at the source of the Danube river" which is correctly in modern-day southern Germany, when instead he said the opposite, i.e. he was trying to locate not the Celts by referring to the river Danube, but instead he was trying to locate the source of the river Danube by referring to the Celts. In other words, he had the location of the Celts secure in his mind, and the location of the source of the Danube was the thing in question which he was guessing where it started. Hence why he says with certainty that the Celts were the [1] westernmost people, [2] living beyond (western of, from the perspective of Greek sailors) the Straits of Gibraltar, and [3] neighbors of the Cynetes (who lived in modern-day southern Portugal), hence locating the Celts with 3 separate references without needing the source of the river Danube to locate them, and locating the Celts in Lusitania where currently the highest number and density of individuals named Celti have been found in local inscriptions, where it appears over a hundred times and which appears nowhere else more than once, and which also shows the idea of who was a Celt was not based on what language they spoke, but on blood relations. Therefore, Herodotus was not locating the Celts in southern Germany, but instead he was incorrectly locating the source of the Danube river in the Pyrenees (he says "Pyrene" also incorrectly), "in the land of the Celts" which he just described to be Iberia with 3 other references as I explained above. (2) the "Celtic town of Nyrax" in one of the old Greek texts was incorrectly assumed to be the old town of Noreia in modern-day Austria. However, it turned out to be a town in Sardinia, again keeping with the theme of Celts being southwestern Europeans like southern French and western Iberians. In Sardinia there are many towns called Nura, Nora, Nurac, and Nurace. (3) the Celtic place names in southern Germany and Austria were thought to be among the oldest, thereby proving the origin of the Celts to be there; however, those place names turned out to actually be among the most recent, from a Roman-time eastern migration of southeastern French Gauls. Finally, the so-called Celtic languages were named incorrectly based on the now-known wrong conception that the modern-day Bretons are the direct descendants of the Gauls when in fact they are Medieval-Age British transplants from Britain. Indeed, the so-called Celtic languages were first called "Gallic languages" and if this had remained so, the British, Irish etc would have wrongly associated their identity with Gauls instead of wrongly associating it with Celts. As well, being a speaker of a language family does not make one that name of that language - for instance, being a Romance speaker does not make the Iberians or the Romanians "Romans". Just like speaking Latin did not make the Romans "the Latini" - instead, they knew they spoke the language of the tribe of the Latini, showing that language names came from people names, not the other way around. Hence, speaking a Celtic language cannot make the British, Irish etc "Celts" not only because Romance speakers are not "Romans", but because whatever language the Irish speak has to be called a word derived from the name of the Irish, hence "Irish" is also the name of their version of Gaelic, and should also be the name of their language family - something like Britanno-Hibernian would be fine. People name languages; languages do not name people. I tried my best to summarize why the name "Celts" does not belong in any way, shape or form to the British and Irish etc according to the latest research which I cited above and invited you to read.

You here haha

Sir, I’m everywhere. Except for all the places where I’m not.

accorduing to roman writers, the Lorica Hamat, the roman mail armour was also derived from the celts and the forhorned sattle was certainly adopted from the celts

I know, but I couldn’t recall the Latin term for it. Also aware of the four pommeled saddles being Celtic. Heard that one from Lindybeige of all people.

Thank you, I'm glad you like them

Same with the Russian Tzar. CaeSAR. I think..

KZfaqr PolyMathy has a great video on Classical vs Eclessiastical pronunciation of Latin.

Most germans speak ,Zäsar/ Cäsar' , but ,Kaiser' is true. In history lesson another pupil said ,Käsar', most pupils laughed, but the teacher said Kaiser comes from Caesar, so this Käsar is not wrong. Attention: A Käser is a cheesemaker

@@brittakriep2938 "Blessed are the cheesemakers" sounds less appealing now.

@@cnut7383 the title tsar originated in Bulgaria though not in Russia.

They probably had loads of them sitting around and never adapted to go heavy cavalry like the Gauls did by the time of their service of Hannibal. Idk how they would’ve been effective against Roman infantry. They probably just served to inspire the common troops and communicate that it was a serious fight that the Britons were bringing out all their resources did.

@@voiceofreason2674The chariots where still effective.

That was some centuries back, I think. The Illiad was composed what, 850-1000 bc? Nevermind that it was written down at about 650 bc, it would have been unchanged till then. So you have the classical and the hellinistic era that come afterwards, with a creative explosion in arts, literature and famously many excellent orators and theatric play writers. So both Romans and Greeks should have words for blue hurs, by the Gaullic conquest. But this is just an educated guess of mine. You made an excellent question, please share your conclusions if you find any. Thank you.

Based

Based

Can you exist outside your own brain, or are you your brain?

Considering the Brits love for both drink and a scrap when it suits them it could still be either translation, or "they got drunk on woad beer and that made them fierce fighters" after all drink does numb pain perception and make people more willing to take greater risks.

Remember the blue paint was really only found in Britain celts not continental celts.

The term "Celtic" is a label used to describe the language and culture that existed in Britain and Ireland. Welsh is a Celtic language and is related to other P Celtic languages.

@@seanhiatt6736 No that is the modern term of Celtic used within the last 300 years. And in my opinion they should have chosen a different word for it since its easy to confuse "Celtic culture" with the actual self proclaimed Celts of Southern Gaul (As noted by Caeser).

I'm preparing a full video about Roman Armour in Latin.

Indeed.. and for Czar as well.

Yes it means king

@@ChauncyFatsack and "king" came from PIE *kon

Yes and also where July (month) comes from. August on the other hand comes from AVGVSTVS, Cesar's adopted son and first Roman Emperor.

@@rodrigovaccari7547 Those things, I knew, but thanks for sharing in case others did not.

Yeah, when a people conquer another people, the original inhabitants don't disappear. We see it when the Romans conquer a place, when the Germanic Tribes conquered places, etc. The Ruling Class, Official Culture, Religion, and Laws may change, but the Ruled People are still there.

Geneticists advancing a theory about languages? Not really their field. Actually it is much simpler, they linked the changes observed in the genetic pool of British population during the transition to the Bronze Age to the indo-european theory. But beyond that, the origin of the Celtic languages is still mysterious.

I think they found one grave with a female warrior in it in Sweden a while back. Sheild maidens are definitely mentioned alot in norse mythology but my guess is they were extremely rare if they existed at all. Scandinavian culture at the time was pretty male centric.

@@MrRomero00 yeah, but many historians belive thst the sword was just a symbol of power and that she never used it

As far as I know some museums are slowly testing the DNA of their remains and more women and girls are being found. As far as I know, though, the only large-scale female warrior culture was the Scythians where about 30% of the warriors are women. These are women and girls found with both weaponry and injuries consistent with fighting. A lot of Viking and Norse in general burials are showing to have a large proportion of women but the study there is still ongoing.