In this Monterey Conversation, two leading scholars of the Soviet and post-Soviet space programs, Michael Gordin and Asif Siddiqi, addressed the effects of the USSR’s disintegration on the Soviet space program; the ways in which this program was handled by the Russian Federation in the 1990s; and the place of the Russian space program in cooperation and competition with the United States. The Monterey Conversation participants also discussed the current status of the Russian space program. This Monterey Conversation was moderated by Lisa Becker, an alumna of the Monterey Summer Symposium on Russia 2020.