_"Do you people still use fossil fuels, or have you discovered crystallic fusion?"_ -- Buzz Lightyear, Toy Story, 1995

“You look like you’re having fun. What are you watching?” Me: I HAVE NO IDEA

4:28 that is actually amazing. it really surprised me. 8x10^22 atoms is around 0,13 mol. (which weighs 0,26 g in the case of deuterium). considering that in gaseous state 1 mol always equates to 22.4 l this means that the method allows 2.9 l of gas to be stored in just 1 cm^3 of the metal crystall or 2900 l D+ per l. that is alot more than even liquid hydrogen storage solutions in discussion such as dibenzyltoluene which stores 660 l h2 per liter. now this has nothing to do with deuterium or fusion specifically but maybe a video on hydrogen storage would be interesting. there are so many options in discussion.

Theoretically tritium could be "bred" within the neutron flux of the fusion reactor. So that's not a long term problem... Theoretically...

I bet that they will eventually develop a crystal for the fusion and call it dilithium

Missconception here, tritium is breeded from deuterium, neutrons (created by fusion) and lithium which can be used as moderator. Lithium absorbs a neutron and decays to tritium

Something that wasnt mentioned in the video, but really should be: I get that Tritium is pretty rare on earth, but there are ways to make the system *self sustained by creating your own Tritium*, as planned with ITER. They use escaped neutrons from the plasma and try to fuse it with certain Lithium isotopes (L6 and L7) which gives off Tritium as a byproduct. Of course you would still need to supply a certain starting amount of Tritium, but estimates suggest that the plant can remain active for 1000 years without any further Tritium input. And with an natural occurence of more than 90% of L7 it should not be a problem economically. Edit: corrected an expression error which induced false information

Regarding metallic hydrogen, producing this is looking to be just as hard or even harder than creating the fusion reaction in a tokamak. The deuterium erbium lattice system sounds much smarter.

I watch this while being a fledgling in high school learning calculus. I really want to make things like this.

"the power of the sun in the palm of my hand"

So the cold fusion reactor may have actually worked. This would explain why it was so sporadic

I feel like Pons and Fleischman are owed a huge apology...

5:03 "They blasted the sample with 2.9 MeV of energetic X-Rays" That makes it sound like 2.9 MeV is a quantity of energy flow; it's not. It's a way of measuring the excitation energy; like wavelength or frequency. Also, not sure where you got "X-Ray" from, 2.9 MeV is way up into Gamma Rays; X-Rays stop in the keV range. For example, blue-green light has a wavelength of 500nm, frequency of 600THz, and excitation energy around 2.4eV The experiment used gamma rays around 430fm, 700EHz, and 2.9MeV.

Nobody explains like Subject Zero! Almost all necessary areas are covered, the topic is made so comprehensible through the marvelous animation.... Learnt a lot.

Brilliant as always. Thank you Subject Zero 🙏🏻

By far, your channel is the best that I have come across and been hooked since! Thanks for putting in so much efforts to explain these complex things

That sounds remarkedly similar to Martin Fleischmann and Stanley Pons cold fusion experiments.

I love all your videos. Your analysis of the newest tech helps me to write.

oh man I love your videos so much, every time they get recommended to me it brings a smile to my face!!!

Parabéns pelo seu trabalho árduo, você merece as vitórias pelo que você esta conquistando , Ciências pra todos . Gratidão!

We're basically talking about Cold Fusion, aren't we?

I like how there are so many concepts and attempts at fusion, im starting to wonder which one will be the one that works. (or if we even know it)

Thanks for putting this together - I'll be sharing this with our colleagues.

This is not a topic I would choose on my own. But somehow this channel explains it well enough that I can walk away a little smarter than before. Thanks!

This was excellent well done my man

Omg! Amazing! The other thing to consider is that now room temp superconductors are becoming possible with the offset graphine stuff. Incredible time to be alive

Amazing piece of content yet again!

I really enjoy your format, straight forward explanation, and cleanliness. Would you ever make a video on the james Webb telescope? It recently passed its acoustic vibration testing and is being shipped overseas soon to be packed up for launch in late 2021.

Man... your visuals... Top tier science outreach

In tokamak fusion reactor designs, the fuels are deuterium and lithium, not deuterium and tritium. Tritium is bred from lithium during the capturing of high energy neutrons from the fusion reactions in the vacuum vessel. So the fuels are fairly abundant, seeing as deuterium can be gotten from sea water and lithium is one of the most abundant elements on earth

This channel is amazing

Another excellent video!

Good job👍 We will definitely travel interstellarly some day!

Great video, very informative!

is this similar to what Fleischmann and Pons were trying to achieve back in 1989? With palladium instead of erbium?

Holy crap, it just hit me, this is the precursor to the dilithium crystal! Of course dilithium is used to regulate the rate of annihilation of matter and anti-matter. But I see the connection!

Brilliant explanation

Hold on, what's the difference from this type "lattice confinement", to the same idea in LENR AKA "cold fusion"? They are using x rays to excite the atoms when packed tight in the lattice but apart from that, seems suspiciously similar no?

Thank - you . 'Excellent article on new progress toward 'room - temperature' fusion (getting more energy out of fusion than you have to put in to achieve fusion) updated . Keep trying.

This shares some similarities to the use of Palladium to work as a containment lattice for hydrogen atoms in current Cold Fusion experiments. Interesting.

Fission is easy partly because we have an unstable element to begin with and once ignited it continue to create successive ignition itself without external intervention. Fission is the opposite that makes it more difficult to realize. To advance our efforts on fusion, we need to foster a new plasma process for fusion that possess a chain reaction and self organize characteristics towards an ignition state. To prevent melt down we inject tiny packet of fuel in it to let it produce pulsed energy, to stop accidental melt down.

It’s funny how the science is following a path that slowly pulls it closer and closer to Fleishman and Pons.

Awesome Man!!

Could you do release a video showing how you create your animations and edit your videos? Your work is awesome and I'm curious about how you make them.

The much better way to accomplish fusion without the need for unhandy temperatures of a supernova and to satisfy the Lawson criterion (self sustaining fusion) is easier, most people think. Exactly three things are required: i) A fast, pulsed electrical discharge in a Z-pinch configuration, ii) a magnetic field structure, that breaks. Reconnection the field lines provide further compression to high three-digit MPa-Range for a couple of ns (enough for fusion) and expel (nearly) all electrons from the Hohlraum. This minimizes losses. iii) Use of boron and protons instead if T and D. Conveniently, both elements are contained in a close stoichiometric ratio in decaborane (B10H14). Since most of the energy of the reaction B-11 + p -> 3·He-4 is released as kinetic energy in alpha-particles, this radial particle stream can be guided by magnets along electrical coupling loops (like in a transformer). This creates pulses of electricity, that can be stored in capacitors and used to drive vehicles, ships, aircrafts and trains. Since fossile fuel industry and countries, who take mineral oil taxes are not very keen on this stuff, our institution for nuclear physics have been closed down and we scientists and engineers are placed in food stamp programs. Whenever somebody of our former staff would blat out the technology he ended like Jamal Kashoggi. Therefore, it will take about 400 years (end of coal), until we can turn to fusion.

genial , muy buenos videos , felicidades y sigue adelante , from argentina

My "this is too good to be true" sensors are beeping here. It does relie upon metallic hydrogen as you mentioned but daium!

So that's what possibly happened to Andrea Rossi his E-cat research. He disappeared in obscurity after demonstrating this method of low temperature nuclear fusion. Yes Andrea Rossi was a hack with previous inventions, so I was watching it what would come from it with a grain of salt. But Rossi claimed to have been generating fusion through the same principle of lattice confinement with his LENR E-cat. Then had his work peer reviewed by a Swedish university or something, who said it was legit, after which we heard little of it. Well I guess it's good that LENR fusion is coming back, but it does come across as taking notes from Rossi his E-cat. That was the first time I heard of lattice confinement fusion anyway, I wonder who officially invented it and when. Edit; I remember I read Rossi started working with NASA or something, is that right? And something about Boeing being interested. Let me look it up. Edit; O yeah forgot it was called LENR (low energy nuclear reactions) What I found so far: e-catworld.com/2011/07/15/rossi-meets-with-extremely-high-level-nasa-scientists-will-work-together/ newenergyandfuel.com/http:/newenergyandfuel/com/2011/09/02/andrea-rossi-agrees-to-nasa-test-of-the-e-cat/ energycatalyzer3.com/news/nasa-has-applied-for-a-lenr-patent Found an article of a lawsuit for fraudulent claims of energy production against Andrea Rossi in 2016. news.newenergytimes.net/2016/08/09/cherokee-investments-darden-says-rossis-claims-are-fraudulent/ For those interested, this is the site to that E-cat LENR company that seems to still be moving foreward in 2020. (Hadn't checked in 5 years or something). e-catworld.com/ Edit; The method of lattice fusion in this video does seem to be different. With Andrea Rossi's E-cat I never heard about blasting with X-rays for example, but that may just be a better way of going about it. As it's still roughly the same method of achieving low energy nuclear reactions. So it seems to me that after testing it with Andrea Rossi in 2011 Nasa is doing their own research and this article from NASA is suggesting that NASA invented it. www1.grc.nasa.gov/space/science/lattice-confinement-fusion/ It sounds like unsavory business practices, but I'm sure I only know half the story. And if NASA invents their own way of more effectively and consistently harnessing LENR and figuring out the underlying nuclear mechanics then that is legitimately their research and discoveries. Last I heard Andrea Rossi was never able to explain why his invention wasn't producing radiation as it should have and thus could not completely explain the nuclear mechanics behind his own invention.

Cold Fusion is back, baby

using a lattice fusion matrix, combined with muon catalysation and electromagnetic flow direction could be a hybrid approach that might work.

Fission reaction, once started, is a chain reaction with direct local feedback. On the other hand, fusion reaction is conditional reaction. Example? It start and runs like a jet engine, pressure, heat then add fuel follow by ignition. Any discontinuity in the process can stop that reaction.

5:16 The term X-rays is used for photons which fall in the energy range of 0.1 to 100 keV. Photons in the MeV energy range fall into the gamma-ray spectrum.

This is **great stuff!** The approach is a **lot simpler and more elegant** than the clunky ITER reactor! The explanation of how the process works is excellent too - ok, I'm not a nuclear physicist but I can't see any holes in it.

check out MITs spark reactor it uses more advanced superconducting magnets than the ones than iter uses and recently the team released a study that puts them on track for achieving stable positive fusion even before iter.

The quality and frequency of your uploads ist just astonishing and the topics are really interesting, too. I am so glad I found your channel.

I had tested making a fusion reactor with protium only, that resulted in plasma and electrons that could be used as a current and plasma can accelerated by magnetic confinment and at end of accelerater combining with oxygen. This can be useful for making ironman repulsors

At times I loathe how in the know the world becomes about technology such as this, but very few truly know how this works let alone how to improve it at a fundamental level.

👀sapphire project .

This method, whatever it may be, has nothing whatever to do with inertial confinement fusion. Source: me, who has worked on a laser driven ICF reactor for the last 2 decades. It's just one more in a litany of exotic laboratory curiosity methods to do small scale and low rate fusion. It never has any hope of producing energy - the species are in total thermodynamic disequilibrium. Todd Rider proved this in his master's thesis in the mid 90s. The rest of the video is also filled with misinformation and irrelevant conjecture, eg. confusing power and energy and invoking the mythical unicorn of metastable metallic hydrogen.

I love your video very much! I have a question regarding the making of your video? Are those fantastic cartoons all made by Blender? How much time do you spend on Blendering for each video?

4:05 - no, most of it comes from Choina currently. It was first mined in Sweeden, at Ytterby Quarrty, but no, they dont produce much. And therein lies another Achellies heel, it relies on another rare element and it destroys it in the process.

This lattice structure and temperature are why a liquid metallic hydrogen model of the sun makes so much sense.

Now you can make video about LENR.

How is the energy output from the D-D fusion step captured by the lattice? Perhaps the expulsion of the energetic proton carries high energy with it that can be captured outside the lattice? Great high level video to pique my interest - time to read the paper!

Was expecting an explanation on what the NASA lattice confinement experiment was. Maybe in following videos?

ah.......... I knew more on this was coming. Good, good.

Superb

Interesting concept, I am curious what is the mechanism of heat extraction? The majority of the heat comes from neutron which requires a thick wall to capture the heat.

Nice video ... good work keep it foks😉👌😁👍

Nice video as always. Have you looked into SPARC/ARC? They seem to present a much faster and cheaper route to magnetic confinement fusion than ITER. Through the use of state of the art high field strength HTSCs they enable radically smaller tokamaks. They recently published peer reviewed papers demonstrating the viability of their concept. First plasma is planned for 2025. Q up to 11.

It seems like I'm not the only one who thinks this sounds like the new cold fusion!

Releases* at 1:31 ... excellent video

This tech will be one of the pillar pieces of our future world.

You do such as great job presenting information. Would love to see a presentation regarding the SAFIRE Project plasma reactor system. Thanks

One thing to remember about "brake even" is that we have been making brake even fusion reactors since the 50s. Hydrogen bombs are inertially confined fusion reactors that just live a very short time. There clearly isnt an inherrent barrier to make the reaction brake even, its just a problem of having it happen only a tiny bit at a time.

can't wait for the pcket sized version

Dang, first Aunt Jemima, then Uncle Ben's, and now cold fusion. They're rebranding everything!

Lattice confinement sounds like a version of cold fusion! Is it that new?

Your animations are amazing.... are you doing them by yourself?

This is literally magic

Wait a minute, this Lattice Confinement method sounds a lot like Cold Fusion to me.

The only sure thing about ITER is if you mange to find a position on it or any of the other serious projects currently underway you still have a good chance of getting to retirement without needing to find work somewhere else. Which is why it's always 30 years away. 0_o

Is a Helium3 energy system worth your review? If not, would you explain why in a quick dismissive statement in a future video. I'm very interested in your insights. Thanks.

Interesting subject, thanks for the presentation. I find that displaying end credits under the (vocal) information content is very distracting.

talking about fusion fuels- what about ultradense deuterium? A variation of rydberg matter, and a possible source for muons to catalyse standard fusion reactions

That's more like LENR and less like ICF.

The idea for magnetic confinement fusion isn't to throw tritium in and burn it, but breed tritium from lithium using the neutrons from the fusion reactor, so you only need a very small amount to start the reactor.

Fusion is the power source of the future and always will be!

Where do you get your video material from? It looks stunning!

Lattice Confinement Fusion sounds like NASA took some notes during their experiments with the LENR-effect in palladium.

"We're done here" - Cave Johnson

I'm glad Strongbad continued pursuing science.

fusion is so freaking far away we cant possibly plan on it for our energy needs

Very interesting! Please follow this topic!

This is a nitpick, but erbium is very unstable in air since the oxide is much more stable than the metal. It is usually stored in oil for this reason.

Where do the get all the energy to start fusion reactions? Do they need a whole power plant just to get an experiment done?

sorry for a probably obvious question but how do you extract energy from lattice confined fusion? Do you let the fusion reaction melt the erbium and use that heat?

I see lots od discussion about 'Cold Fusion' a-la Fleischmann and Pons below. My question about that experiment is: Why didn't they try to detect Helium and then they would know if a fusion reaction had actually taken place? Years of dispute over chemical reaction, vs fusion reaction. I'm sure there is a (many) good reason(s) why this was not feasible, but I don't know 'em. Any takers?

I believe it would be more efficient if the material was more dense, maybe using stable super heavy elements?

How long would it take ITER to reach operational temperature (150M°C) when it's activated? Is the lattice confinement process attempting to do something comparable to the conditions that exist in a main-sequence star's core? Meaning it can sustain hydrogen fusion at much lower temperatures (15M°C) due to quantum tunneling induced by the extreme density?