Thanks. I am glad you liked my video.

Thanks. I am glad you like my visualizations.

Thanks.

I am glad my videos have been helpful. Thanks.

Thanks for the compliment.

Thanks for the compliments.

Thanks for the compliment about my video.

I am glad you liked my video. Thanks.

Thanks.

Thanks, I am glad you liked my explanation.

Thanks for the compliment. I am glad you like my videos.

Thanks for the compliment.

Thanks.

Thanks for the compliments.

In mathematic, almost anything is possible. It's something else when it comes to reality.

@@LasseJ789 Yes, but when something cannot be disproven mathematically nor by observation, that something is a possibility. There is a possible universe where that something is true, and we don't know whether that something is true or false in our universe. But what would it mean to our physical level "reality"? Mathematics are the most real of the realities. Physical laws can vary between universes and even in same universe at different times. And unlike observations, there's no way mathematics can be wrong.

@@atklm1 If I had 10 meter long legs, and 1 meter of them was cut off, I'd have 9 meter long legs. Mathematically completely sound. But in reality, I don't.

@@LasseJ789 That's actually mathematically false, your legs would be 9.5 meters long, assuming you have two legs of same length.

Thanks!

@@EugeneKhutoryansky No problem! I can't wait for the next full-length video. 😉

Just filtering the particles would be what we had at the beginning of the video, before the force was applied to create pressure forcing all the small particles to the left side.

Filtering is 'straining' and doesn't concern concentration. Osmosis is 'diffusing' and is dependent on concentration. Reversed Osmosis is applied pressure to make 'diffusion' against the concentration-gradient possible.

@@DreadX10 Thanks. So what is the benefit of doing it the "osmosis" way? If you have a membrane that can block salt particles and let water particles through, why not just let it flow through from top to bottom under the power of gravity instead of having to apply pressure using an electrical motor? Granted, then you'll have to call it "filtering" instead of "osmosis" but it seems to me it will achieve the same result with less energy input.

@@JohannY2 Hm, not sure, maybe just: filtering clogs by area of membrane. diffusion clogs by volume of membrane. So less cleaning/maintenance for RO. Also size could be a factor but I've never seen how big a (natural) filter-system would be to make the same amount of potable water.

Thanks!

Thanks

Thanks. I am glad you liked my video.

You're welcome and thanks.

I am glad you liked my video. Thanks.

I am glad you like my videos.

Sometimes I have a few seconds of silence at the beginning of a video, but my concern is that this causes me to lose a lot of viewers during the first few seconds, where they stop watching and click on something else. Regarding the problem you refer to, I suppose you can always rewind the video to the beginning. Thanks.

@@EugeneKhutoryansky perhaps a short intro animation would work to keep the attention? Yes, I do rewind, it's just a bit annoying.

Thanks.

Thanks.

Thanks for the compliments. More videos are on their way.

Thanks!

@@EugeneKhutoryansky 👍

Thanks. I am glad my video was helpful.

Thanks. No, I haven't done one with the ion-water polar interaction switched on. That needs a lot more computing power.

Thanks.

Look up: molecular sieve, ion exchange membrane. They can be molecules like tiny cages where only small molecules can "fit" through the bars, or functionalized natural molecules (micelles and cell membranes) or artificial polymers (for example Nafion) with pores. Your body is literally built from these membranes, so at some level you already know how to do it!

Thanks.

Thanks. I am glad you enjoy my videos.

@@EugeneKhutoryansky You're a genius. I have no doubt about that. You have a gift. Please, go ahead and challenge us Made a content with an extra complexity upgrade, test your followers to see if we achieve even more advanced and deep physics. I would love to know if I can with that challenge. But don't get me wrong, all your content is one of the most complete, complex and best adapted on scripts and audiovisually to understand Physics on KZfaq. But a big Challenge sounds amazing

It is a "filter" but unlike say, a macroscopic filter like a sieve, there is a pressure associated with the random motions of the particles which is going to be dependent on the temperature, and you need to exert pressure to compress the particles to separate them. Because the larger particles can't pass through the barrier, these are being compressed into a smaller volume than the particles being separated, and you have to apply enough pressure to squeeze together the larger particles when you squeeze the smaller particles through the barrier. For charged particles (ions in salt are charged and water molecules are polar), there is an additional energy associated with the electrostatic forces so that these forces must be overcome as well. It's a dynamic problem due to the thermal motions of the particles which makes it a little different than a sieve for macroscopic particles.

Thank you for that clarification - seems like NOBODY ever ACTUALLY discusses the true essence of what's going on. And thank you to the OP - you set up the question perfectly.

Many of my videos have Arabic subtitles.

In terms of "filtration" you can separate for example, by distillation (vapor or freeze phase change), differences in diffusion rates, centrifuging, chromatography, etc. So there's a lot of ways to do it. Reverse osmosis is filtration by forced diffusion through a membrane.

@@profdc9501 cheers. what a weird label for the process. makes it sound way more complicated than it is

I mean I recently learned the hypervalence thing is caused by some weird resonance structure and not by hybrit orbitals and it made me even more curious about it :p

Atomic orbitals are the standing waves state of electrons when the atom is not bound. When atoms form molecules, the resulting joint states of electrons (from the two atoms that bond) that form the bond are linear combinations of the atomic orbitals (Linear Combinations of Atomic Orbitals), these are called molecular orbitals and they have different energy levels than the atomic orbitals, and a larger difference between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy increases the bond stability.

No, there does not need to be attraction between the particles. Osmosis happens even when the salt ions are replaced with any particle unable to pass through the membrane, regardless of the extent to which water is attracted to these particles. I go into this in a lot more detail in my other video on osmosist at kzfaq.info/get/bejne/aLV_qbCasKnUaHU.html

It's just a representation, the system depicted could be at any angle, like a vein in your body

Just visually demonstrating desalinization via reverse osmosis

You are welcome and thanks.

Thanks, though my previous video before this one was just 3 weeks ago. Thanks.

@@EugeneKhutoryansky i see that. tbh i feel like youtube has de-prioritized my brain food channels. regardless! hope you are well.

Thanks.

Thanks.

With a pump.

I didn't realize that KZfaq allowed that. In any case, I doubt most people's internet speeds will allow the video to play back in 4K.

@@EugeneKhutoryansky You can upload in 8K on youtube if you want. More and more people are getting fiber (up to 1000 mb/s). Luckily youtube automatically adjust the resolution based on people's internet speed. You can always change the resolution.

It would take me longer to render 3D images with higher resolution.

I am not sure what I would say about dark energy. No one really knows what it is. Though, I mention dark energy in a number of my videos.

@@EugeneKhutoryansky You could probably talk about how why it is believed to be there, in the sense that there is something that appears to cause gravitational forces but is otherwise not observable (yet). Also perhaps the difference between dark matter (attractive invisible unknown massive substance) vs. dark energy (associated with the vacuum energy expanding the universe). It is kind of an abstract topic though, not bound to be useful unless you're an astrophysicist or studying the progress of Earthling science.

You can't copy my content or animations, but you can certainly talk about your reaction to my content. You can provide a link for people to see the content directly on my channel, so that people will know what you are reacting to. Thanks.

@@EugeneKhutoryansky A reaction to it would be to play your video while I watch it and discuss it at the same time. My face would be in the corner and your entire video would play. But I think you are saying that is not something you will allow. I completely respect your wishes but I want to confirm that I understand you correctly. Thank you and thanks for the great physics content.

You are correct. That is not something I would approve of. Thanks for the compliment about my videos.

I am not the one who came up with the name.

Agreed - and it's an excellent question. It's what EVERYONE wonders when first encountering the name and the concept.

​@@EugeneKhutoryansky What's that gotta do with his question? It's an EXCELLENT question. In fact, it's EXACTLY what EVERYONE wonders - and most never learn.

@@EugeneKhutoryansky I know. It was general question for the scientists who came up with the name

Thank you for the compliment.

Maxwell's Demon is a different, because it doesn't involve any transfer of energy to the particles. I cover Maxwell's Demon in my video at kzfaq.info/get/bejne/bruZn9pq2ZPXqYU.html

I don't qualify that Maxwell video. It has a lot of long-winded bias contained within. It contains blind spots regarding the capability, power and function of information in the context of entropy.

The video is correct. Details are available at arxiv.org/pdf/0707.3400.pdf

water molecule is 275 picometers, chlorine ion is 167 picometers, sodium ion is 190 picometers, they are just atoms without an electron.

@@absolute___zero I mean by nuclei size yeah, but I more so mean the effective size of the electric force around each ion pushing them apart.

@@David-bh7hs the size of an atom is basically the entire electron cloud around the nucleus, because the nucleus itself is a few femtometers in size, you wouldn´t even see it in the video, the image would be all black if painted in real scale. Thatś why we consider the size of an atom its pure electron cloud (the probability of the electron being found at some point at a precise moment in time). I wonder why you aren't complaining about water molecule shape if we talk about scales, that would be more right thing to claim, because water molecule is not round , it is V-shaped because it is polar

@@absolute___zero I'm more griping about how salt ions are portrayed. They would either be much larger conglomerates, or surrounded by water "V"s like you said. I'm sorry if this imagery is hard to explain in words. Obviously if we wanted to be this specific we'd also want to change the gate and sides of the box to be more realistic too...

Yes, but it takes a lot of energy. Desalination is consuming more of the world's energy, especially as more people live in places with limited water resources. Also, the salt you remove from the water can make the ocean around the desalination plant hypersaline, which can be another problem.

@@profdc9501 1. Build a batter Reverso Osmosis machine, because my grocery store (Whole Foods etc.) has one. 2. Build it out in the middle of the ocean over a brine pool, you act like the planet will die if we move around resources. You waste energy on giant light spheres and seeing how many time you can fly around the planet for nonreason meaning I hear excuses.

No, because we are adding energy to the system. This is the same way in which using a piston to compress a gas into a smaller volume does not violate the Second Law of Thermodynamics.

Eugene is a man. The voice is that of Kira Vincent as a real person. The information was shown at the end of this video.