Your channel is pretty much the only one I know of that goes into detail about these things but doesn't go off on a tangent in the process. Thanks for all your videos!

The reason that Aluminum sheets are shiny on one side, and matte on the other, is that the final rolling of the sheets is so thin, that they lay it double to be able to roll it flat enough. The matte side is the side touching aluminum, and the shiny side is the one that was touching the roller.

Attach the sheet to a speaker, hang over a container that is tall enough to stand the whole sheet up in, then play a low frequency sine wave through it so it's essentially being 'jiggles' up and down that way the bubbles get shaken off the sheet letting the acid get at new aluminium. I believe that you can use the same procedure to make electro-plating more efficient. Just a thought, awesome vids, new sub here 👍

Love it when you whistle, i dont know why but it reminds me of my childhood, walking and seeing an old man whistling. Please keep up the whistling sir

Thank goodness you upgraded your camera since 2013.

Thank you for showing me the concept of making graphene sheets. Im a student of chemistry and i plan of retrying this process in the school laboratory. We have bouht graphene solution and graphene oxide solution, so i will try you'r method and i have a pair of my own ideas.

Hi Robert, thank you for your contributions to the Global Community and KZfaq. Your videos and the great discussions that follow with many intelligent subscribers is amazing. I was thinking that a silk screen kit for making t-shirts and such would be excellent for laying on the liquids in even thin layers. These can be found at your local art supply shops, even toy stores for very little money. A little vibration after spreading the liquids may also help to even out distribution, maybe you could use your cell phone.

Robert you are my new hero! These videos are a few years old. I hope are are still making them!

Thank you for your time doing these videos , and taking the time to show us your experiments and giving suggestions on how we can or might improve on the proof of concept keep on keeping on and thanks again for your selflessness and openness this is the early years of graphene production and just like the production of cars and electronics it will get much better with experiments and time , Thanks again for sharing --Robert Longamore

I made a sheet but I have lost it due to it being only 1 atom thick, I can't find it anywhere. :-( Great video.

Awesome video This guy seems to know his stuff.

Thankyou Robert what an inspiration you are!! Looking forward to your videos

a perfume spritzer or "atomizer" would be great to mist the graphene oxide thinly and evenly.

I almost didn't recognise you in a kitchen! ;+} Very handy indeed, i use graphene sheets of sorts for microbial fuel cells. Thanks for sharing :)

Thank you for posting these experiments. I totally understand that experimentation does not always result in "Success" as most understand "Success". Any true inventor knows that failure to produce the desired result may be a complete SUCCESS in terms of lessons learned, old theories proven wrong, surprising side effects, and the simple encouragement to improve on the obvious shortcomings of the current experiment which results in future learning and more refined experiments that one day may lead EVERYONE in a different direction than that which is currently considered "The way". Please keep your videos coming and keep working at derailing the current trane of thought..... YOU are and example of how innovation happens and, in my opinion, it's people like you who lead innovation on this earth. Corporations only do what they are "supposed to do"; thereby, holding innovation back and keeping the status quo.

Best science show not on t.v. I swear you need your own t.v. series more people need to see your work. P.s. what was the resistance of those sheets?

now, If I understand correctly, this is not a single sheet of graphene but a homogeneous sheet of graphene in all kinds of directions. So it will have electrical properties of graphene but not mechanical properties?

Thanxs for publishing these kind of informative videos sir.that was a great work...

May the Father's Kingdom bless you Son. Ur a beautiful soul

Who knew i had a favorite uncle in EU lol. I can't thank you enough for your time and dedication! Im in the process of building a flow generator with your graphene sea water idea. I live on a sailboat with a constant minimum of 2 nt current flowing with the tide. Basically im layering the sheets with only a hold at one end and lose on the other. Im going to cheat a bit and use a concentration of copper chloride in ionized water. that will be pumped by a small pump (a venturi would be best so that as i sail the atmospheric difference would create a vacume to move the solution over the graphene sheets. ) Im thinking in the ball park of 1000 sheets that are 8" inchs by 60". Should be interesting at least lol. It sure would be easier to buy some ink from you but im not opposed to making grahpene with electrolysis. I plan to build this as large as i need to power the boat through the water by electric motor when no wind is available so my solar panels will pump the solution in the sunlight and also charge a battery bank that is dedicated to providing the power to pump the solution when night falls. It will be assisted further by the graphite and magnesium generator that will be hanging over the back of the boat like a rudder. Perhaps ill just build that part directly onto the rudder.. who knows. Point is that im am determined to power my boat, heater, and cooking by the world around me and your clever tricks lol. Thanks so much for everything.

I must say this is as good a cliff hanger as any on the old tube.

Hello Mr. Murray-Smith, You are a brilliant mind. You have inspired me to learn more about the subject and dive deeper into chemistry. I thank you for all of your insight and lessons.

Love the idea, love the concept Thanks for sharing

Excellent video. How do you keep your kitchen so clean,mine looks like the Luftwaffe had a direct hit on it. LOL. Keep up the great videos

If you add hydrogen peroxide to the hydrochloric acid, it should speed up the reaction quit a bit. When etching circuit boards, you generally use 2 parts hydrogen peroxide to 1 part hydrochloric acid. It takes about 5 mins to eat all the exposed copper. You could try using 5cm copper tape. You can buy 1 meter of 5 cm copper tape off ebay for about $2 or so. What if you where to coat something hard and smooth like a marble tile with the carbon solution, then after it dries, lift it with very sticky tape, then you would have the layer of carbon with a plastic backing, then you could expose it to laser light. No need for the acid bath.

Caustic soda will also eat aluminium but may effect the varnish if too strong.

Does the strength of the graphene stay the same or is that sheet of graphene able to rip, tear or poke easily?

When I used to work at Braman BMW, we used to scan papers into the system, and each paper essentially had toner all over it and we would laser scan sheets like literally several foot stacks of paper per day. The area itself would get very hot, but that’s not the point. We were essentially lasering in a carbon compound, and it would accumulate, heat up, laser for 8 to 10 hours, cool down for 8 to 10 hours at hundreds of passes per hour, and you would do that for several months straight After about a month or two, or even three, I would clean the glass, rollers, and other parts that would accumulate it, and I’ll never forget I once cleaned a flake almost an Inch across that was reflective. I never got to check the conductivity, but it Stuck With Me Since 2010. It probably wasn’t very good quality, even so because I essentially was just cleaning off the lasered flakes that accumulated after Millions of passes. looking back, if I ever got the chance, I wish I could just take some of those very same industrial scanners and just try to do it all over again and play with the toner on the paper, using paper or some other medium, or playing around with the glass or anything else that was accumulating it. The downside to it all, is that it took you literally a couple months to produce a few flakes per machine, and you would literally go through reams of paper and toner (Time and Electricity) just to get a solid inch🫤🤷🏻‍♂️

Could you paint the graphine oxide on a silicone sheet or some other surface that it would peel off and eliminate the aluminum?

Could the sheets be hydraulicly pressed to achieve a much thinner material?

Great job! You produced graphite!

Note a correction: aluminum foil does Not have a coating of plastic. One side is shiny because it is double face rolled to thickness, then split to rolls for sale. The retardation of chemical reduction is due to the surface oxide of aluminum which is an inhibitor of further reaction until broken down. If you doubt this check out Alcoa manufacturing videos.

There's a specific, scientific definition of what exactly graphene is. If it has two layers of atoms, it's not graphene, it's graphite. What you have made in this video is "Reduced Graphene Oxide" which is different from graphene. It will still have oxygen atoms inside, as you said, and is different is other ways. Even if you made a sheet that's free of all oxides it would not be a "sheet of graphene" - because a sheet of graphene is actually by definition a perfect, transparent, two dimensional structure of just carbon atoms in hexagonal shape. (and it's important to see "2D" as a quantum topological property in this case. Not Euclidian. Therefore it is actually correct to say it is 2D.) The thing you have made here is at best a sheet of aluminum coated with a layer of many million small, broken/imperfect, crystals of reduced graphene oxide. You have to understand the definitions. It's science you're trying to do here, probably. Act accordingly. Btw, how can you be sure that you have not been scammed and are using normal graphite powder instead of graphene? Are you testing your stuff?

Wow thank you very much... cant wait for another session.

This would be a great solution for the sewage infrastructure in Flint, Michigan in concept.

Jack of all trades master of none

If you converted graphene oxide to graphene, why is your resistance so high? Graphene is supposed to be a better conductor than copper. BTW, thank you very much for this. Great sharing of experiment.

I have to correct you on a minor error, Aluminium foil is shiny on one side due to the manufacturing process (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_foil) I like how they keep the thickness even too!

I really like you show.. keep it up

So its better to see the video on 144p than 720p 60fps!!!... Well thats strange

Thanks for sharing, great information.

Badass Detected!

Thank you good sir.

Surely, spraying the graphene and varnish would be the best way to go ?

I really like your "bucket and spade" approach! So many high tech high cost methods forget about the basic science to drive innovation (good one!). Any idea how I could make a transparent even layer of graphene onto a glass sheet via your in house methods? ( I used to do this with tin oxide vapor to make home made LCD's)

instead of floor varnish, you should try a spray adhesive and a very fine mil plastic sheeting, ie dry cleaner bags is the perfect thickness.

might use a so called "bar" to coat. It is basically a bar object (piece of piping) with tight wound metal string around it. The thickness of the string is of influence of the layer coating. The thicker the string, the thicker the layer. Just an idea!

What uses have you found for Graphene?

Hi Rob, have you tried replicating Rice Universities flash graphene method(vaporize trash in vacuum tube). I want to do it to make 3d printing filament

hello, i am curious as to why you do not use a "spin art machine" install the substrate in the machine, start it spinning, put the materials you need to coat with and watch the spinning spread the coating material in a beautiful thin film, lastly wait for the coatings to dry.

Hi Rob, you look realy chuffed by your discovery... well done, happy for you mate :O) hmm... perhaps even coating final layer with fibreglass resin if people wanted a more rigid version.

remember before the days of copy machines when a typist would use Carbon Copy Paper (vestige can be seen on email CC). Those sheets were well covered with carbon. What if a similar process was used to make graphene? Could it work?

I like how he works, kitchens are for experiments, if not then all those worktops should be used for computers.

I may have hit a wall on the grocery store bags the best I've achieved is between 40 to 60 ohms resistance.

Any follow-ups with this idea?

Wonderful explanation. I had a little trouble with the heavy accent but the illustration and explanation was a good exercise. Discussing the thickness control; is the cross section of thick graphene the same as the single molecule layer, or does the plate become opaque and effectively a solid plate?

Robert, here's the recipe for your next project: "To make the new nanocomposite, the researchers dissolved silkworm cocoons in water to get a solution of silk protein. They adjusted the pH of the solution to be above 10. Then the scientists added sheets of graphene oxide to the mixture along with a drop of hydrazine to reduce the graphene oxide to graphene. The researchers stirred the black suspension for six hours at 70 °C to produce the hybrid nanomaterial." - cen.acs.org/articles/92/web/2014/01/Silk-Fibers-Grow-Directly-Graphene.html

Graphene oxide is not as strong as homogeneous graphene, this is interesting, electrically and thermally this will function similarly. Well done. Gas conversion is most likely the only way we know of now in order to produce continuous graphene sheets.

Greetings. What if NaOH was used instead on HCl? I recalled NaOH could react well with aluminium, producing lots of H2 gas in the process. Thanks.

Make my day, ty.

What about airbrushing the graphene solution on? Surely this would give a thinner more uniform layer?

How strong would the sheet be?

Thanks mr Pixely.

As I was thinking how to do the freestanding sheet, you said it. :P

I've videos where graphite isn't used to make graphene. Instead, propane gas is used, and the gas is spray on sheets of copper, under very specific atmospheric conditions. Of have probably boched this description up. I have thought instead of using atmospheric conditions. You could use electrods inside the propane gas. The electrodes would act like a 3d printer. This electrodes 3d printer would be hooked up to a microscope. ( a microscope strong enough to see atoms.) The 3d printer would act as a 2d printer and make sheets of graphene.

I also think heat will make an excellent catylist... I think the possibility of making large surface areas of graphing electrodes would result and immense battery power for the next-generation of electronics...

Well I'm sorry if my question sounds stupid however when I can think of is if graphing is to store a high currents then a high resistance basically would mean high battery life I guess I'm just randomly asking Sarah is no big deal

Awesome and interesting, as usual. Cheers, and thanks!

Sometimes one side of aluminum foil is shiny not due to a plostic coatind but just due to the rollers in the manufacturing plant.

Robert: Can you do a series on making crystal batteries. I would like to see your ideas on the subject. I have been working on some of my own for a few years off and on and currently have one that has been running a LED for over a year and still going. I can short it out for as long as I want and when the short is removed It will light the LED as well as before. Would you be interested in researching and doing such a series? Thanks

If the dispersion of the graphene is irregular, how well would this work for use as a Faraday cage to shield from microwave (imaging)? I was looking for an alternative to the cost of Y-shield paint or graphene sheets. I think it would be more effective if combined with either copper or silver particulate mixed in varnish, applied afterwards. Although it might be best to forego the reduction of the aluminum; it just isn't aesthetically pleasing.

Is the important thing to get the sheet flat, or smooth? If smooth is the objective, how about tensioning the foil around a cylinder? That's what drum film scanners do in order to keep a uniform focusing distance.

could you make a list of ingredients for this. I would really like to make something like this

Hey Robert. Now I like this much better than using Hydrazine! Do you imagine the conversion % using this method to be superior (or at least comparable) to some of the photon-based methods once the coating thickness and quality is optimized? Zenon strobes are nice for small pieces, but won't scale nearly as well as this. Take care & thanks!

Another question: How high temperatures can graphene in your experience withstand? the melting point is slightly higher than with graphite at 4510K, and thermal conductivity is superb along the lattice. This would make graphene an excellent heat shield, especially when connected to a sink. But some reports claim that graphene can't withstand temperatures higher than 120 Celsius.

Let's say we can do the improvements you mentioned with thinner layers and such, how bendable is this film of graphene and supporting material combination? You bend it quite much in the video, did you ruin the bonds in the graphene layers due to graphene being brittle?

question: if graphene can be stripped easily as originally done with simple sticky tape ,if this was then used as the wrap tape commonly used in lithium batteries wouldn't this then wick away heat🤔

Dude, you made the video entirely from pixel art? Impressive! Oh... wait...

Excellent news. Great vids by the way, thanks.

Does this product, made this way, have a higher thermal conductivity than copper?

If this is being industrialised, why not just use an 'oven' filled with hydrogen to 'cook' the graphene oxide into graphene?

What about graphene paint? Or at least for other types of coatings and Impermeability? (Permeability and impermeability) For any pores on this sheet, do you think it’s possible to control the size with any tweaks to the varnish?

sir, is this the graphemes famous for tensile strength?

amazing video but sound quality is terrible

How fluid is the liquid preparation you are using? I am curious about the hydraulic action you could expect, if say, you were to press your liquid preparation between 2 sheets of foil between 2 very flat plates with some substantial tonnage... if the carrier medium foil was strong enough to remain intact through the pressing, and didn't stick to the pressing plates when finished, would this help give you an easier way to produce a more uniform, if not thinner cross section thickness? And then the question becomes if your graphene sheet will survive the process of removing the production medium... interesting video, makes you wonder if an older technology technique such as every day paper making machines could be adapted to produce a larger volume cost effectively at a quality level useful enough for most production needs... even a cheaper means to obtain a larger amount of a lower but acceptable grade of product, this could revolutionize society over night, while the innovation process works out the details for producing higher quality grade material in the future....

You’re painting skills need attention but being a great teacher makes it all ok

I have a question, instead of lasers in a disk drive, what if you left a sheet out in the sun?

Deckard Cain A sheet of graphene might prevent the bullet from penetrating but the shock energy might make you wish you were dead. It's the same problem they have with the kevlar "bullet proof" vests. They'll stop the bullets but you can still suffer massive trauma. And... some bullets will go right through.

at 6:40 you seem to say the shiny side of the foil is shiny due to a coating of plastic. Is that right? I'd often wondered why the 2 sides of foil were so different that way.

people use you tube to inspire their thoughts and maybe push forward their limits. It’s all relative. There are those that know and those that think they know but only know what they have been taught. The truth is out there. You just have to get up off your self righteous *ss*s and look for it. Thanks for the viewing and convo. Learnt more than I thought I would 👍

perhaps you use a airbrush to paint on the graphene oxide?

Why not try to make that hammock I heard you mention? Would the lack of complete surface integrity, i.e. the existence of pores or holes on a graphene sheet produced with this such a proof of concept method, make such a "hammock" liable to ripping ?

I assume you tested the strength of the sheet? Is it stronger than aluminum foil? Could you use the same method, except with more graphene oxide to make thicker sheets? It's been years now since graphene was discovered. Sucks that they haven't mass produced it yet.

U have a question if you have a cylindrical Graphite block and use tape on a another Zylinder and roll both would the graphite exfoliate?

also could you possibly show a video on furthering the reduction process for a stronger more pure graphene sheet.reducing out all the graphene oxide.

Thanks

Nice pixelated effect!

Could the graphene solution be applied using a silkscreen machine more efficiently?

So. How would you go about ‘plating’ your graphene sheet to the bottom of a glass jar for use as the electrode of a ZnBr2 battery? Just paint in the graphene oxide and treat with HCl?

All public grant sciencists should have to do a youtube report along with writing a paper.