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Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Bacterial Vaginosis
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal infection characterized by an imbalance in the normal vaginal flora, resulting in overgrowth of harmful bacteria. While not always considered a sexually transmitted infection (STI), BV is often associated with sexual activity and can be transmitted between sexual partners. The condition typically presents with symptoms such as a thin, grayish-white vaginal discharge with a characteristic fishy odor, particularly noticeable after intercourse or during menstruation. BV is diagnosed based on clinical symptoms, vaginal pH, and microscopic examination of vaginal fluid for the presence of clue cells, which are epithelial cells coated with bacteria. Risk factors for BV include multiple sexual partners, douching, and the use of certain contraceptives. Although BV is not usually serious, it can increase the risk of complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and preterm birth if left untreated. Treatment typically involves antibiotics such as metronidazole or clindamycin, which help restore the balance of vaginal flora. Education on safe sexual practices, including condom use, and avoiding douching can help prevent BV recurrence. Understanding the symptoms, diagnosis, and management of BV is essential for healthcare professionals, particularly those preparing for medical exams such as USMLE, NEET PG, and FMGE. 🩺💊
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