Since the wording in the part of the video dealing with deepfakery has been over-interpreted a few times, a clarification: What I mean when saying AI performances are "driven" by algorithms is that the *transformative* element of, say, the recreated face of a young Mark Hamill is automated - we're watching algorithmic interpretation of an image. Yes, it's an interpretation mapped onto a base layer that involved a human, but the final product is *processed,* not animated or acted. (Which is why it feels so flat and lifeless.) I can see there being a semantic argument here, but the point is that this method takes a meaningful human element out of the thing. Hope that clears things up for those who were taking it to imply there were never any humans involved at all. Still welcome to disagree about the end result, of course.

“A special effect without a story is a pretty boring thing”- George Lucas

George Lucas predicted the rise of films with dead actors in the 80s. He was pretty spot on. The only thing he was wrong about was he thought computer movies wouldn't be commercial. He was pretty prescient in a lot of ways. A very shrewd businessman and incredibly intelligent. When the technology didn't exist he spurred it forward, he created it. With his companies and employees.

"These movies exist to serve an algorithm, not humans" I cannot express to you how many times I've heard management at my job try to say that algorithms should just replace everything. It's extremely short sighted.

It’s a shame this guy hasn’t uploaded in a year. He’s great

The line about artists being a set of instructions really resonated with me. It revealed to me all the thinking that's wrong with the attitude of Disney, trying to push innovations just because they can, when there's nothing wrong with the existing way of doing things. Artists really deserve to be treated with more respect.

Your opening made me think: Disney doesn't understand that the Skywalkers are not heroic but tragic figures at their core. The Skywalker line is fundamentally tragic in their nature, hence the focus on redemption and choosing ones own destiny. The irony is that they ended up finishing the tragedy by having a Palpatine, the creators of the tragedy, co-opt the heroic part of their destiny. So they got there in the end, from a certain point of view. Using Luke as an example, part of his journey is that every time he gets what he thinks he wants he pays a cost he didn't want and Luke actually figures this out in RotJ. His throwing away his lightsaber and refusing to fight is him refusing the destiny of a hero he originally thought he wanted, and the unexpected result is that his father saves him and sets him down a new path. The act of letting go of his desires and expectations, denying the sith in the star wars trope which is ruled by desire, leads him to becoming a true Jedi and awakening that aspect of his father long dormant. Luke ended the tragedy there, Leia on the other hand hasn't crossed that bridge yet. The sequels didn't understand that lesson and had Luke go backwards without any real explanation and Leia take his place without giving an arch that explains how she got there as if one pays attention Leia is the one most like Anakin and Luke is the one most like Padme.

I really appreciate you respecting the knowledge of your audience, that use of the "I know" line delivery from Harrison Ford to prove what actors can bring to their character was great.

That plot hole about the Death Star's weakness truly isn't a plot hole. Lucas based the idea on how pilots would target naval ships' exhaust ports to trigger chain reactions, causing massive damage to these impressive ships, which often were nuclear. He decided that despite the Death Star being so much bigger than most ships, it still would feature a structural feature that smaller vessels had that could then be exploited, but might be so hard to find, they needed the plans for the station's designs.

I remember thinking, "Gosh, I don't want to be mean, but the voice actor they got to play young Luke is giving such a wooden performance." Learning that they didn't even bother hiring a voice actor is a little distressing, but it certainly explains things.

I love how you explore this hidden concept that no one had talked about before. Most people just say things like, "this movie is good/bad" or "this is how the story should or should not play out". Very impressive

Wow. I was kinda defensive at first because I love Rogue One (and I still do) but after hearing you out, you’re right. You pinpointed the unhuman, empty feeling I’ve felt watching certain Disney movies and shows. Excellent essay!!

What you said about Rogue One not having any new vehicles struck a chord with me. I was watching a video recently about how in the sequel movies the Resistance X-wings and First Order Tie Fighters have exactly the same silhouette as the ones from the Original Trilogy, whereas George Lucas's films always featured ships that had major differences in their silhouettes, even if one ship was a precursor to another (like the ARC fighter being a precursor to the X-wing). I think, and I know this will be a hard pill for us to swallow, this is a consequence of the Clone Wars in a weird way. In the Clone Wars, the screenwriters and showrunners were operating within a very limited timeframe, so logically the Republic and the Separatists would be using the same ships for most of the Clone Wars. Most of the Disney movies and shows take place in the same two parts of the Star Wars universe: After the Original Trilogy, and Between the Prequels and the Original trilogies. After the sequels and Solo, it seems like Luke and Han have been cut out of as many Star Wars projects as possible, and the focus has been more on side characters that made their appearances in the Clone Wars like Ahsoka or the Mandalorians. I think this is because Disney wants to use characters like memories it can just bring up to make us think it's respecting Lucas' legacy. The stories they make with the characters are designed to be simple, modular plots where characters can be plugged in as cameos to perform a mundane task and then leave. Will a series between the Original Trilogy movies like the Clone Wars ever happen? There's certainly material there, story arcs you could fill in the details of like Han's choice to become a rebellion general, or plot holes to patch in like how Luke got a kyber crystal to make his second lightsaber (or why he hasn't met Ahsoka to train with her), but I hope Disney doesn't do this because I know it will end up being full of filler and cheap attempts at nostalgia-baiting if it doesn't totally discredit and overshadow the OT characters like the sequels and Kenobi and Solo did.

I am so in love with your videos that it feels like childhood Christmas whenever I see a new one! Can't wait for the LOTR video essays. I have a feeling they're going to be next level!

One of your most thought-provoking videos yet. And I'm excited to hear about the additional media you're publishing. One thought--the new Avatar sequel (partial spoilers) feels like a very literal embodiment of these "deep fake movies" , because even the plot itself brings back characters who died in the first one. I think there's an interesting dialogue there. I hadn't realized the Tarquin actor was that on-point in real life. They absolutely should have just used traditional makeup and maybe prostehtics/wigs. He wouldn't have needed much at all.

I feel so vindicated after saying Disney would tarnish this franchise. People laughed at me after TFA came out but time proved me right.

Excellent video. Your analogy about "deepfake movies" really hit the nail on the head. It's truly a shame that the general public don't seem to see any problems with these artistically devoid, soulless products. Film studios have discovered that they can do the absolute bare minimum and still make huge profits and hold huge appeal. As long as that continues, I don't see things getting better anytime soon. I can't wait for your next video. Please keep up the great work!

Incredible essay and analysis. The way you tied deepfake animations to deepfake movie, not to mention how animation is meant to breathe, not reanimate. Great points!

George Lucas did say to a fellow USC graduate that he should give up acting and going to animation because he didn’t like dealing with actors. Excellent video is always my friend. Thanks for making my day.

I'm just commenting to boost the algorithm for this pro human content.

This is a currently extremely under-rated channel. Looking forward to seeing it grow/explode in the coming years.

One crucial thing not mentioned here is the fact that make-up departments are unionised while CG artists are not. Tarkin absolutely could've been achieved with the makeup we have today, but CG artists are cheaper, so it's easy to see why they went with CG, beyond just being able to flex the tech.

Another excellent video, and you hit on some important philosophical questions here. "Just because you can doesn't mean you should."

Always thought of modern movies as films made by a committee but linking it to deepfakes and algorithms is far more accurate. Awesome video (as usual)

I find your adherence to calling the deep fakes and animated characters ‘things’ intriguing. It’s simple language handles like this that will be increasingly important for us to maintain a grip on reality.

The voice, the editing, the script, this is such an amazing KZfaq channel. Somehow your videos recapture the magic of Star Wars more than Disney ever could.

I have always felt you'd be perfect to tackle "The Hidden Fortress" and it's influence on SW.. Nobody so far has done it justice!

The algorithmic movie argument is valid to a lot of projects out there, but I really don’t think it applies to Rogue One. Gareth Edwards is just a huge huge fan of the original trilogy and that’s why there’s so much nostalgia in the movie. Whether you liked it or not, Rogue One is undoubtedly a passion project from a very dedicated fan. You can call it simple or uninspired, but it’s definitely not the result of a heartless algorithm.

I've always argued that CGI Tarkin would've played better as a full-size hologram throughout the film. The blue tint and jumpy, static-y nature would've hid a lot of the flaws. It would've also read as him purposefully refusing to see Krennic in person, lowering the latter's status in the process, until Tarkin swoops in to steal the Death Star project from under him.

Wow, I usually dont watch philosophical videos, specially not for Star Wars for a while. But this one was so honest, that kept me watching after the first 30 seconds. You are very original!

I still cannot understand why this channel has only 130 thousand subscribers, it should have at least 200 thousand units ready with a million more well on the way! But seriously, this channel is spotless and magnificent and you are doing beautiful work!

we hope you're okay dude.

Not just Disney, but a lot of studios fell into this mindset when nostalgic filmmaking really took off in the 2010s, and maybe even a little before. But most prominate in franchise films that try to mimic the iconography of the previous films and meet audiences expectations for bigger and better effects driven nostalgia films while missing the fact that those films were made at a time when, yes they were hyper-marketed and sometimes trash but were always made with human imperfections.

Every time I start a creative project (movie/game/animation), I record all the data: Analyse the market, review competitors, measure saturation and audience retention and feed it to a probability algorithm to calculate how much money it will make. Only projects that have a high probability for success are greenlit for production. You've made me realise that I don't make projects for my fans or even myself anymore... I make them for an algorithm.

Where have you been my friend?? I love your videos and would love some more SW ones!

I like how you present your opinion and then ask the viewers to decide for themselves instead of trying to push them strongly one way or another. It gets me thinking about movies where I agree with you and movies where I don't and not always for the same reasons.

An interesting new age we find ourselves in... It certainly brings anxiety as a response to these changes and how humans will use them.

For them it’s just a job. For you, this is clearly your passion, just like it was for George Lucas.

This guy never misses. Ever. 10/10 video.

Among everything else, I'm glad that you took the chance to point out the "something more" aspect of movies, acting, and life itself. It's a good reminder. Excellent video. Looking forward to sharing it with my friends.

Seriously, some of the best Star Wars and generally video content on KZfaq. It shows that you really understand the impact cinema has, and we all appreciate that.

You never disappoint with your reasoning! I had never really looked at Rogue One like that, because like many others, I was just happy that Disney finally managed to pull off something that felt a bit like Star Wars again... but looking back at it like this, I must admit that you hit the nail on its head. It was not that Disney suddenly understood how to make Star Wars, they were just lucky with their algorithms for once. They are still dead inside 😕

Please keep making videos about what you love! Don’t just do what’s trendy. We love your insights, keep following your authenticity! Honestly, I would watch you about shows, books, or movies I hadn’t seen, because I gain so much insight into art and story when I listen to your essays, no matter the topic. Can’t wait for the LOTR’s video.

It's so crazy timing wise, I was rewatching all your videos last night and was saying to myself "when is the next one" and BOOM

you can never get something right if your motivations are wrong. people may not notice that something is off if off things is all they get but if you have something with the right heart to compare it to (just as there are living breathing humans you can compare deepfakes to) you will always be able to tell kudos on another fantastic video, looking forward to your future projects!

In Rogue One it honestly worked really well. I was happy to see Tarkin expanded more onscreen, and as you said the actual standin was just as good (if not potentially better) than CGI. But it really is just a crutch now, like refusing to recast young Luke Skywalker despite having perfect actors (like Sebastien Stan) to put in the role.

I remember thinking Disney made a catastrophic mistake by killing all these new characters off rather than making more films with them.

You make the best Star Wars video essays! I love them! Thank you! 🙏♥️

You continue to confirm and refine my love for all that happened under George Lucas

I used to really like Rogue One, I honestly did, but as the years went by, the film ultimately rang somewhat hollow to me - the characters were surface level, the aesthetics were reused, and the film's existence was meant to solve a 'plot hole' that wasn't actually a plot hole.

I do think deepfake (for better but mostly worse) will become so realistic in the future that you won't be able to tell the difference. And the range of voice will be handled by an actor, maybe even the original. I'd love to have Matk Hamill voice Luke Skywalker--his voice isn't the same now so it'd require so tech but the emotion would still be there. But I'm not against a recasting either. But after Solo flopped due to TLJ sucking, I doubt they'll ever recast again.

Your videos are perfect. The editing, the topics, but most of all, how you say and relay things. I don’t know anybody who is better at explaining and describing things. You’re shaping our worlds in places we don’t fully understand ourselves or what needs to be understood for us and others. It’s not biased, but truth, you can really feel it in your videos. Thank you for using your time to breathe the life and understanding in the worlds we’d come to love so much in our lives as well as those we struggle to understand or describe to others when they ask.

The moisture vaparotors on the beach and the goofy cameo really make it seem like an AI generated movie. Like 7 fingers on a person in AI generated art. It's familiar but just a couple notches off the mark.

That literally is what happened with this movie. Disney disagreed with Gareth Edwards and has several reshoots done, so some of the more algorithmic scenes are probably a result of the studio getting between the artist and the film.

I think this is why I like fanfiction so much. It is fundamentally anti-corporate. It's made by artists who actively want to make what they're making.

This is the first of your videos I've half disagreed with. I definitely think you make good points about it, but I really liked the new characters and the values they symbolized. I also love that we got to see Vader go further than he had in the Original Trilogy. I was freaking out during that moment in the theater! I think a big part of Rogue One for me is the Star Wars feel. I truly think the planets and music captured that feeling in a way that virtually no other Disney Star Wars content has. I liked the video, because even if I disagree with part of it each video you make is such great quality and your arguments are so well formed. I've been around since the beginning (just a few hundred subs) and I'm excited to see where you go next!

Very good video! it's funny that you refer to this as a DEEPFAKE movie... because back in 2016-2017, I started referring to ROGUE ONE dismissively as a TEMP-MOVIE (similar to the term TEMP TRACK) I enjoyed the movie the first time, but it did not survive a theatrical rewatch (I completely dozed off halfway through). And your video covers a lot of the reasons why I don't think the movie works despite all the cool ideas/concepts within it There was a Yahoo Movies UK interview with the film's editors back in 2017 where they talked about the way early concepts of the movie were comprised of clips from tons of other movies as placeholders. Even to the point they used existing clips to time out how long it should take for a door to close And something about that really made me derisive of ROGUE ONE. The interview is good. But here is the specific excerpt about the story reel that was made for the movie before a script was set: ------------------- START: Colin Goudie: I’d worked with Gareth [Edwards] previously. I cut his movie ‘Monsters’ so we’d already got a relationship and I’d actually done a couple of projects with him before that as well. So he got me on board in September of 2014 and asked me to do a story reel for ‘Rogue One’. There was no screenplay, there was just a story breakdown at that point, scene by scene. He got me to rip hundreds of movies and basically make ‘Rogue One’ using other films so that they could work out how much dialogue they actually needed in the film. It’s very simple to have a line [in the script] that reads “Krennic’s shuttle descends to the planet”, now that takes maybe 2-3 seconds in other films, but if you look at any other ‘Star Wars’ film you realise that takes 45 seconds or a minute of screen time. So by making the whole film that way - I used a lot of the ‘Star Wars’ films - but also hundreds of other films too, it gave us a good idea of the timing. For example the sequence of them breaking into the vault I was ripping the big door closing in ‘Wargames’ to work out how long does a vault door take to close. So that’s what I did and that was three months work to do that and that had captions at the bottom which explained the action that was going to be taking place, and two thirds of the screen was filled with the concept art that had already been done and one quarter, the bottom corner, was the little movie clip to give you how long that scene would actually take. Then I used dialogue from other movies to give you a sense of how long it would take in other films for someone to be interrogated. So for instance, when Jyn gets interrogated at the beginning of the film by the Rebel council, I used the scene where Ripley gets interrogated in ‘Aliens’. So you get an idea of what movies usually do. END -------------------------------- I'm sure this was very nice and helpful for the editors on the movie, but jeez.... what a PERFECT way to underline how this movie's existence feels like it was a SOULLESS series of 'algorithmic' decision-making.... on top of which, it seems like Edwards' approach worked so poorly that Gilroy claims he had to come in and save the thing to get it functioning at all And to me, the movie STILL has the problems of feeling like a mechanical hodgepodge of better movies

Aha, great one. I especially like that you gave your view not just on a movie, franchise or something like that, but on a relevant concept. Truly an amazing vid. Maybe your best to date. Complex and interesting, little hard to follow but an awesome point and an amazing and interesting explaination. Well done.

The thing (or, at least one of the things) I love about this guys videos is that they’re always about way more than what title of the video would lead you to believe. The title has “Rogue One” and “AI,” but it’s about way more. It’s not about Rogue One, it’s about all Disney Star Wars, all Disney films, all modern films. It’s not about AI, it’s about humanity.

Implying that the latest Disney Star Wars films feel “not alive” struck me so hard. Even the prequels-as bad as they were-had a sense of life to them. There are a ton of specific things that I could touch on like Rey’s backstory in the Sequels, meaningless cameos, repeated Death Star appearances, or even strange dialogue choices in Mando and Book of Boba Fett, but at the end of the day these films and shows feel like they lack soul. Mando even started with a level of soul that Disney hadn’t managed in a long time; since then it’s kinda devolved back into nostalgia bait and strange dialogue.

Nailed it. I always liked Rogue One because it was SUPPOSED to be a gritty war movie, not because it actually delivered on that promise in an interesting way. Ironically, my favorite piece of media that came from Rogue One was the leaked teaser trailer they showed at Star Wars Celebration 2015, with Obi Wan's OT monologue about the rise of the Empire before cutting to panicked Rebel soldier radio chatter. Watching and hearing that teaser makes me clearly imagine what the movie was SUPPOSED to be.

This video has a Rogue One review, which i respect and has great points i can agree on despite me loving the movie, an ethical doubt and a defense of human nature compared to good algoryrhms, this is why i love this channel, thank you So Uncivilized.

I feel like calling the entire movie a deepfake undermines the passion and creativity of those working on the movie. At the end of the day, a movie, even a deepfake movie, is created by people, many of which probably really care about what they’re making. Very thought-provoking video

I fucking love you man, every single video of you makes me walk away with a completely new view on things. And you just casually mention these things that i had never even thought about before, thank you man keep it up

Excellent and thoughtful video as usual! You've brought points about the film I hadn't thought before that illustrates well a common issue with movies nowadays. Keep up the good work! Looking forward to the LOTR video already!

That is so uncivilized to post your awesome essays at such slow pace man... You have very good writing and you tackle things very accurately. While I love DSW rant videos (to appease my sadness lol), I find that your vids elevate the SW subject to a most refined level. Thanks for your work !

By Natural Still by the way we interpret it incorrectly. It refers to being Still as in death, hence your body no longer moves.

I thought the title was interesting, then I saw the name! Thanks so much man, I've been waiting months for you to upload again!!

Really miss these videos man

Superbly done. You explained to me reasons I hadn't even realised were gnawing at me that underlay my lack of engagement with Rogue One.

I’m so glad you’re making more videos again. I’ve been checking your channel weekly for months now to make sure I haven’t missed any new vids

"he's more machine now, than man." Nice one, great one. Genius, even

Chatbots, Deepfakes, CG “Resurrections…” Oh my…

I’ve been waiting a vid on Rouge One for soooo long

Your videos' reinvigorated my childhood love for star wars but backed it up with a mature appreciation for the story. Love your work, keep it up. I'll be watching everything you out out✌🏼

Dude your videos are fire. If you had 10 videos I would have watched 10 videos last night. Hope things are going ok for you.

3:34 Heavy disagree, there is an impact, minor that it is. The different between their fighting styles is the blind guy closes in on enemies and fights with precision and efficiency - whereas the skeptical guy keeps his distance literally carries a heavy machine gun and just unloads round after round until everything infront of him is dead. When the blind guy sacrifices himself, the skeptical guy STOPS his suppressing fire tactic and immediately adopts his fallen friends precision tactic - he walked into the foggy arena (thereby closing the distance between him and his enemies) and took ONE SHOT PER ENEMY, hitting each enemy dead on - instead of just holding the trigger and shooting into the fog from afar like he was doing before.

I have never pondered Star Wars harder than when I digest the concepts put forth by this man’s work. Amazing.

We need more videos dude. Its hard to find such well structured, well spoken, and entertaining videos such as yours🙏

you make some of the best video essays i’ve ever seen, your hard work doesn’t go unnoticed and please make more videos :)

Kyle Katarn and the Dark Forces Saga is what Rogue One should've been.

Great video. Very well articulated. Looking forward for the LOTR video, my favorite world, just suffering the same disease as Star Wars, unfortunatly :_(

Miss your vid’s man! Plz keep making them

This is one of the only channels to which I’m subscribed. I appreciate the effort and beauty of these video essays. I hope you attain the widespread recognition you have certainly earned.

If Disney could make a new SW movie that is just 50% as good as Rogue One, maybe I'd consider paying to see it.

I want to say the stories of these characters are more in-depth in the novelization. That book does so much for each of the characters that I wish were in the movie but are either only implicit or not mentioned. Worth a read if you liked rogue one !

I would really love a video exploring Anakin/Vader and the his whole arc and redemption. I know it’s been done a ton by other channels, but you’re unique perspective on the films fascinates me. Also, would love to see you cover other Star Wars media, like the old books, games and shows. Can’t wait for the LOTR video!

I was waiting for this video like Obi-Wan was waiting for Luke

HES BACCKKK!!!!! We missed you my guy

IMHO why Rogue One works is because Gareth Edwards respects the franchise and wanted to make a movie that fits in the real Star Wars and not celebrate himself like the hacks Abrams and Johnson did. And because it has characters that they take the time to build and make interesting and relatable. And as you said yourself - it focused not on the "elite" of the Rebel Alliance but the infantry and the guerrillas and the fact that every war is dirty and no party is 100% "clean". And as Andor expands it, the movie also shows us what makes people risk everything to become fighters in a resistance to an overwhelming power. People that have nothing to lose because they already have lost everything. Ok, just as Luke in Episode IV. However I do agree that there was no reason to not recast Tarkin and Lea.

The pacing of your videos is excellent. I love how deliberate and steady you are as you lay out your points. Great stuff, loving it

as always with anything Disney related, it's an empty husk once you examine it closely enough. it's sad though because it's still among the "better" Disney Star Wars products

I was so happy that even though Andor was the prequel to rouge one they didn't use any cgi characters, and even though I shouldn't compare them so directly seeing as one is a show, I do enjoy Andor much more personally

I swear with every new upload it seems like you one-up yourself. Stellar work as always!

Hey, I really love your videos. Your breakdowns are so intelligent and insightful. I know this channel is mostly Star Wars focused, but I would love to see your take on the Hobbit films if you are at all a Lord of the Rings fan. I personally enjoy them a lot more than your average LotR fan, but whether you agree with me or not I think your take would be very useful and enlightening if you're willing to make a video or two on it.

Duude, saying Disney Starwars is just DeepFake movies is kind of the perfect summation of what those movies feel like to watch.

Saw this pop up, immediately went for it!

It's always nice to listen to someone intelligent propping up a treasured movie of mine, or ripping one I hate, with thought-provoking arguments. I've come to find though that criticism of movies I really enjoy gets my gears turning the most. Makes me question why I liked the movie in the first place, and realize how those likes and preferences often overshadow the same faults that I tend to criticize in other movies. I would say that rogue one should have, and maybe for a lot of fans already has, ended up as one of the star wars greats, if not for the treatment of jyn erso's character. The other non-character writing faults pointed out here don't stick out to me nearly as much as the wooden dialogue of the prequels, and I have an obsessive love for the prequels. Maybe it's just easy for me to look at a star wars female protagonist like jyn and avoid thinking on the negatives when the main competition is Rey Skywalker. The characters, writing, and dialogue felt competent almost the whole movie; and IMO was often very compelling, even when we had to assume jyn's motivations. I would also say that, ironically, this movie felt the least amount of deep fake as any star wars content Disney has produced (along with Andor). Even less than the bad batch or the Mando. It felt like the only piece of content that genuinely set out to tell a compelling story in a setting that just happened to be star wars. It wasn't trying to copy what George Lucas accomplished, it had its own message to share. Mature and dark themes, a story about the gritty reality of rebellions, the cost of preserving hope in a tyrannical dystopia for the non-skywalkers. The story was much more personal than some bothan spies just dying off screen. It evoked feelings that I only got from a few of the super dark clone wars episodes, feelings I didn't even get from episode 3. The "deep fake" content was there to ground the story into the star wars universe, not to carry the story itself. I don't think George Lucas star wars ever got close to what Rogue One pulls off in his movies, I don't think he was trying to. Yes all the "reanimated" pieces hurt more than helped, but to me it felt far from Disney trying to jam a bunch of the star wars nostalgia nuggets down my throat.

I didn’t expect a new video today. I pogged when I saw the notification for this video. Great video by the way.

"Rogue One is a deep fake movie made by a corporate machine out of the data of the original trilogy". That's it perfectly ! I haven't ever been able to put in words what I felt was wrong for so long and that's it - you summed it up perfectly. The corporate machine isn't interested in creating a story, only in creating money.