On 9 July 2011, South Sudan formally gained its independence from Sudan, joining the United Nations as the organisation's 193rd member less than a week later. In gaining its statehood, it became one of the very few examples of a successful secession in modern international relations. So, how did South Sudan become independent?
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When South Sudan became independent, in July 2011, it marked the end of Africa's longest civil war. Over the course of two conflicts - the First Sudanese Civil War and the Second Sudanese Civil War - the largely Christian sub-Saharan south fought to secure its autonomy and then independence from the predominantly Arab Muslim north. In securing an independent South Sudan, the Sudan Peoples Liberation Army (SPLA), led by Dr John Garang, became one of the remarkably few truly successful independence movements in modern international politics. However, if one looks back at the history of the issue, the two parts of Sudan should never have been together in the first place. It was simply by dint of history and colonialism that the north and south came together under the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium. Matters were not made easier when Britain, fearing the start of a civil war, effectively abandoned Sudan in 1955. However, the eventual path to independence was based on a diverse range of factors, not least of all the active involvement of the United States. As a result, South Sudan became just one of three secessionist independence campaigns to succeed in the past fifty years. And yet, as it celebrates its first decade as a country, South Sudan has become the world's newest failed state.
CHAPTERS
0:00 Introduction
0:29 Secession and the Case of South Sudan
1:40 Geography and Demographics of South Sudan
2:31 Sudan’s History and Independence
4:56 First Sudanese Civil War
5:49 Second Sudanese Civil War
6:59 Comprehensive Peace Agreement and Independence
9:05 How South Sudan Became Independent
RELATED PLAYLISTS
Secession and Independence in Africa • AFRICA
The Origins of Countries • THE ORIGINS OF COUNTRIES
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FURTHER READING & USEFUL SOURCES
Addis Ababa Agreement (1972) peacemaker.un.org/sites/peace...
Comprehensive Peace Agreement (2005)
peacemaker.un.org/sites/peace...
Sudan, South Sudan, and Darfur: What Everyone Needs to Know amzn.to/3hA4knE
The Struggle for South Sudan amzn.to/2TtX8kM
First Raise a Flag: How South Sudan Won the Longest War but Lost the Peace amzn.to/3haZldS
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KEYWORDS
#SouthSudan #Sudan #Independence
#InternationalPolitics #CurrentAffairs #InternationalRelations
#Secession #Statehood #Independence
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