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No. 225
Minseok Kang
The Second Law of Thermodynamics: Uncertainty
Quantum computers, utilizing qubits, possess gates that perform operations different from those of conventional computers. One such gate, the CNOT gate, generates a state of "quantum entanglement," a fundamental phenomenon of quantum mechanics. With the characteristic that repeated application of the CNOT gate eventually returns the qubits to their original state, quantum computers leverage this reversible property to solve problems that are challenging for traditional computing methods. To illustrate the reversibility of quantum computers in contrast to the irreversibility of classical computers, an everyday irreversible phenomenon, the Ink Drop, is used as an analogy. The logic operations of a conventional computer are likened to an Ink Drop, whereas the quantum operations of a quantum computer are compared to the Ink Drop's reverse playback, thus depicting the surreal phenomena existing in the quantum realm.
The entangled and superposed states of 0 and 1 in qubits are illustrated through the properties of shadows. For instance, when light is shone directly in front of a '0', it casts a shadow that clearly represents '0'. However, when the light is angled to the side of '0', the shadow morphs to represent a '1'. By rotating the '0', the shadow alternates between '0' and '1'. This dynamic interplay of light and shadow exemplifies how a qubit, prior to observation, embodies the probabilities of being both '0' and '1', demonstrating the principles of superposition and entanglement in a tangible manner. Before observation, a qubit stores information as probabilities, but once observed, the outcome becomes fixed. In the latter part of the video, a ceiling that was obscuring the rotating 0 disappears, slowing down the rotation and eventually fixing it, thus illustrating this concept.