What model of the universe do you think is correct? Big thanks to Ridge for sending me this wallet and supporting the channel! Here’s the site if you want to check them out! ridge.com/astrum/

It's amazing how the more we know, we see how much more we don't know

The visualisation of a hyperbolic space was godly - and I understand something now, I didn't before. Thanks.

Your contribution to the education of us all puts me in mind of Carl Sagan. You instinctively understand the need for visual representation and explain complex concepts in such a remarkably transparent way. Much richer than "The universe is like a balloon and we're all on the surface of it," which is how it was taught to me.

I'm amazed with what humans have achieved by just observing the cosmos from our earthly perspective.

Nothing is better than an Astrum video right before I go to bed. Love this channel.❤️

Hah! Never thought I would see the game that I worked on (Hyperbolica) as the artist here on this channel, what an honour! Cheers!

My parents and I love space, and we also discuss and throw around ideas. One was that our universe is inside a single black hole, and that black hole we call a universe is inside another universe, so on and so forth.

This subject frightens me more than any iceberg video, more than any horror film or jump cut. The ideas discussed here just leave me reeling. Thinking about it I get the same feeling I got, when as a kid it dawned on me that everyone, including me would die at some point, it's a feeling of loss of control, that everything you know doesn't mean a damn, it's just an awful feeling that's so hard to describe.

I think hyperbolic makes the most sense, especially when you consider the universe's fractal nature. Like you said, you open one door and two more appear.

Imagine if we're just some particle in another universe

Astrum is absolutely my favourite channel as of recently. Your content is amazing!

Human life is soo short...but even then we try to understand this huge/frigtening/fascinating universe!

I love these videos. So much info and relaxing at the same time.

Awesome that you used Hyperbolica for demo

I like the idea of the spherical universe where you would always come back to wherever you started. It’s such a mind fuck.

What scares me when thinking of this is how there are different infinitys inside of infinity. So at someone point everything would lead to its own infinity state within the ever changing infinity. The universe is weird and scary to try to comprehend.

Such a well explained video. This makes the concept of time and the expanding universe much easier to grasp.

I love your channel Astrum. Thanks for exploring these ideas.

The proverbial "educational video" that asks a lot of questions, but leaves you with that, "Ok, but I'm not really sure I actually learned anything" feeling

Actually it is possible to have a convex topology where lines can't be parallel but also don't intersect: A toroid, aka a donut. Lines attempting to be parallel along the surface of a toroidal topology will move closer together and then further away again, but will not intersect as long as they were truly parallel at their starting location.

Great video astrum, well done as always!

You material in your videos are amazing, I love how you make your own models and how you make things easy to understand, thank you 😊

Great video, Alex! I’ve always liked the idea of a hyperbolic universe. 🎉

You just totally made my brain explode!! I am studying the particles leaving my skull, trying to decide if the explosion is flat, spherical, or hyperbolic!!!

I like a mix of all of them. Like a stretchy trash bag being filled planets and all kinds of matter. The lining of the trash bag itself is the gravity and those converging lines you talked about. Which is why when you have more stuff ( mass) at one spot you have a tighter bag (gravity) at that spot.

Great great GREAT video!!! Wonderful theories, and “theoretical combination of theories “!!! The thought of hyperbolic space answering the dark energy/dark matter conundrum is fascinating!! Keep up the great work!!!

Since so-called parallel universes interest me the most, I go for finite. Our universe could still be one of these shapes that even change over time. The forces involved in parallel universes could easily influence not only the shape but significant characteristics especially if they touch ours at version points in time.

Your videos is absolutely awesome, you explain very good and the scenery and animations are beautiful. This topic is one of my top intrest. I like the idea of the hyperbolic shape, is make the most sense to me. Cause of that everything is getting curved by gravity.

#1 Space KZfaq channel. Very interesting subjects and so good explained.

Such an interesting question, because all the possibilities seem ridiculous. An edge? Crazy. Infinite? Crazy. Curved? Crazy. A simulation? Crazy.

your thumbnail is how i imagine it looks from the other side of each 'black' hole, (inside out universe kinda) with not necessarily white surroundings, but immensely bright surroundings and unimaginable energy, and maybe surrounded by other 'black' holes corresponding to each ones perspective of/in the universe. just thought i'd share, just a fun thought

The rings around a black hole remind me of the way rainbows are visible but not there…

Be wild if all the distant galaxies we see are the same few hundred or so with their light simply doing laps around the universe and showing us their state during a portion of each light-lap.

There is another even more exotic possibility! The curvature of space need not be uniformly curved in all localities. Certain localities can be convergent, while others are divergent.

Started watching Astrum because of cool facts of Pluto, then this... You really dragged me into a black hole of knowledge

I get that the universe can't be endlessly expanding in all directions from all points of view, but that doesn't rule out the possibility that the universe does have a centre Somewhere, and everything expands ever outward from that one point, we just don't know where it is... am I wrong? Anyway thank you Alex once again for explaining everything so beautifully even my unscientific brain can understand it, your work is wonderful, I hope you never stop.

This is fascinating!❤

One of the more easily understood presentations of the warping and shapes of spacetime.

I've just watched one of the most incredible videos of my entire life. It just blow my mind.

Astrium, thank you for your content. I have been learning a lot and keeping myself informed about space with your channel. Love the thumbnail as well! Infinity plus infinity! 😂

The concept of "far more endless, far more infinite" intrigues and terrifies me.

For me, this has been a remarkable film!! I can't say enough great things about it!! Thank you!!

I'm getting extremely addicted to this kind of videos, and it's a fascinating subject to learn about it, definitely learning a lot everytime i watch this channel. Simply amazing!!!!! ❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️😍😍😍😍😍😍

Great video and fantastic narration. Thanks for this video.

Cheers for the video mate 😎 👌

Hyperbolic is my vote. Perhaps something conical in shape or similar. I like to think this structure is finite and has a bottom edge all matter is racing toward. This edge slows and changes the course of all that cross it and send it hurtling back to a singularity.

Fascinating and very well explained. Thank you. P.S. I like the look of that wallet too. I’ll check it out.

Whenever I was thinking of the universe and where it ends or what is it there, after this universe, I've always imagined it as a blank space. But then I was wondering where does this blank space end and if it's infinite how is it possible for space to be infinite? How does infinite look like? How can something go in forever? We humans know that whenever there's a beginning there must be an end. I will never comprehend it.

I bet that if you had some sort of impossible ship which could physically travel at infinite speed, that when you reached the edge of the expanding universe, you would just never be able to reach it, it would just always be in front of you, but just barely out of reach.

Your vids are the BEST bedtime stories!!!♥♥♥ I'd totally listen to yours and Kurzgesagt's lovechild's voice forever!

You have such great videos!!! I vote for hyperbolic or possibly curved.

When I was a child I used to play with marbles and imagined that each one had a universe inside it. 😊

Dude these videos are fun to listen to stoned and its just cool. Ill be honest i think all 3 universe models are accurate. There is to much to the universe for us to be able to say anything conclusive about it.

Perhaps I have misunderstood, but when describing the accretion disk surrounding the black hole, the narrator said that we were "seeing both the >top and bottom< of the disk at the same time"... Surely, what he meant was that we were seeing both the >nearside and the far-side< of the disk at the same time? The light from the accretion disk is bent in just the same way that the sun bends light from transiting stars, but far more acutely.... If the light was being bent so drastically that we were able to see both the top and the bottom of the ring simultaneously, would we not then see the >SAME< direction of rotation reflected in both images... i.e. instead of the rotation appearing to smoothly follow a single direction (as demonstrated in the video... (First to the right and then to the left, making a flawless transition))... What we should see is BOTH upper and lower images travelling in the >SAME< direction and meeting together on the right, hand side, only to reappear "like magic" on the left hand side to repeat the cycle. Thoughts? Cheers!

Yes, thanks ridgewallet for sponsoring this video. We really appreciate it. Should just upload the ad next time. Don't even need the video

Wouldn't our universe itself have mass? What would be outside of it? Our universe could be a mass being entered into another hyperbolic timeline and causing the same effect as what you explained.

What if the universe was born from another universe going supernova, and we are the start of a universe born from the remnants of another?

As always, very nice work!!

brilliant thank you 🙏🏽

Ive frequently thought we may have traveled (in the past) through a black hole, that they are recyclers of nature, and what we see is a view of (infinite times?) this. Ive also pondered if our idea of red-shift could be caused by gravitational lensing from our own galaxy expanding, making it only seem that things are heading away from us, which in fact the opposite may be true (or they are going nowhere, or collapsing even). What your sharing, makes it seem so much more plausible that we may indeed have been sucked through some kind of black hole, and came out a singlarity, and this may also help shed light on what a singularity is. Maybe all we need to do is look up to see what a singularity looks like from its ejection point. Maybe a singllarity is just what we are all in, seeing things from the mirrored side of the end effect of being on the otherside, e.g. singularity being what we are experiencing now.

As my guide told me on the trip through space, "This never ends. " Fair winds and following seas to all.

Absolutely great episode, easy to understand. I hit the 'like' 3 times!

Excellent visual for hypoballic space. I've always struggled to visualize it.

Another (big) banger as always, Astrum

The world is actually held up by 4 elephants The elephants are standing on a very large turtle The turtle is standing on another very large turtle. From there it’s turtles all the way down. This proving space time is actually curved as the turtles are actually standing on themselves. I don’t know why it took me so long to come to this conclusion. Great video. Thanks for clearing that up in my mind 🤠

Mass off setting the hyperbolic curvature of space... That is indeed an interesting way of looking at it. Maybe you're onto something there, afterall matter and gravity do seem at least to be properties inalienable to each other and seemingly only the way they are due to the simple presence of space to begin with.

Excellent video, that´s an open mind to new windows to keep searching and developing a new kind of math to resolve it.

i just have a question: if you can look back to within 300M years of the big bang in one direction, if you look 180 degrees in the other direction how far back should you be able to see?

I like the hyperbolic theory. It explains away dark energy, which feels like lazy astronomy to me. It's like when archaeologists can't explain something so they wave their hands around and say "It must be ritualistic".

This really makes me think and I haven’t gone through the starting ads yet

What's so interesting - and difficult - about determining the shape of the universe, is that we can only rely on _light_ to _see_ what's out there. Light, however, can only follow along the lines of space. We cannot _see_ space, but space _can_ be warped as evidenced by black holes. I'm truly curious if there's something out there that will allow us to observe beyond what we can see, smell, touch, hear and taste. This is what makes science so fun for me, and why I love physics in general. Thanks for this brainteaser!

If the universe is infinite, then how could there be a Big Bang? To me, it seems the theory of the Big Bang is impossible.

The more I think about it, imagining anything other than infinity gets harder and harder.

This channel is getting more and more interesting!😍

Thank you, that was well explained.🙌🏻

i agree with your final point that the 3 theories are likely working in tandem. the fact that we can postulate the theory of hyperbolic space based on the evidence in front of us shows it’s a possibility that we just can’t prove yet. and we’ve learnt over time that our perception isn’t perfect, it’s at the mercy of the reality we find ourselves in. like the visualization from one of your older videos about a man in a solid walled box flying through the vacuum of space not being able to really tell with certainty that they’re moving at all. we may just be inside the box with no way to break through the wall yet, being limited to what we can see from our limited point of view. it’s all a bit overwhelming to think about when you’re just a hobbyist like me hah hopefully i don’t just sound like an idiot pretending to be smart hahahah

My favorite explanation of hyperbolic spaces comes from a devlog by CodeParade for his game hyperbolica, would recommend checking it out if you are still having trouble understanding hyperbolic space. I just watched a bit later into the video and saw that you used footage from that game lmao

Thanks. You've given me some ideas for the climax of my sci-fi novel!

"To infinity and beyond!" It is now, many years later, that I finally come to realize the powerful immensity of Buzz Lightyear's words. 😂

Is it possible to build technology fast enough to counteract the infinite expansion of the universe in order to discover the entire universe? Seems like self correcting code

Love the present - what shape makes you happier? I love the dodecahedron !

One of my favorite channels to fall asleep to. Then I have to rewatch the video the next day....🥰

Thanks again for your attention to detail.

Awesome video, one of the best I've seen on this matter, and yet after watching it 3 times I barely grasp 50% of what's explained in it.

I love your video(s) thank you. I think the title contain an oxymoron because "more than infinite" is not possible, as infinite by definition already contains everything ... : ) Including every possible dimension too. I like best the model in which "matter happens inside consciousness", because it is impossible to have an experience without being aware of it first. Therefore the leading edge of the universe would be defined by the edge of our observation, similar to a neverending Mandelbrot fractal. Or another very simple way to play with this is to draw a circle, then draw a triangle inside the circle, then draw a circle inside the triangle ... to infinity.

Very nice topic and presentation.

Keep up the good work Astrum 👍

For every overview you pursue Each and every other Fall beneath the cover of mystery

Mind boggling. Love these thought experiments. 😎

Finally we talk more about fractality of the universe. I do believe this theory is very close to reality

I'll see if the elders left any clues haha I have a feeling fractal space and wormholes make sense together. It's like the twisting space has bubbles that pop and release space pressure.

Basically. We don’t know… but it’s fascinating seeing the theories come out & then experiments and science evolve to prove/disprove these theories as we go.

I always thought space was like standing inside 2 hyperbolic mirrors attached to each other so I'm happy to see that visualization makes sense.

Amazing insight. The universe in this dimension is within a hyperbolic sphere. Each sphere is its own dimension connected, world within worlds.

I guess hyperbolic universe is related to the holographic principle... Your voice and your reading is amazing, Alex!

Thank you

"For any number that you can name, I can come up with a number that is at least one larger." - Oh yeah? How about one million? "One million and one." - ...You win this round, Astrum.

This is a Fractal, The Mandelbrot set is the perfect example for this. An " Infinite Fractal "

Wow we are blessed with both a SEA and Astrum video in one day.