The Tibetan Plateau is characterized by low atmospheric pressure, rugged terrain, and relatively low biological productivity and temperature. Despite these limitations, ethnic Tibetans successfully adapted to this environment and lived on the plateau for millennia. Understanding their genetic and cultural adaptation to this complex oxygen-reduced environment is of great interest from the point of view of archaeology, anthropology, genetics and physiology. But in order to understand this, it is necessary to answer many fundamental questions regarding the origin of modern Tibetans, including the place and timing of the formation of the gene pool ancestral to modern Tibetans and the original routes of human migration to the Tibetan Plateau.
Previous studies of the ancient #DNA of people from three high Himalayan settlements in Nepal's Mustang region date back to 800 BC. e. - 650 AD e., showed that these places were inhabited by populations with a clear East Asian origin, which probably migrated from the Tibetan plateau. The authors of the new work supplement these data, increasing the time coverage by more than 600 years, from about 1420 BC. e. to 650 AD BC, and providing the earliest genetic data to date for highland populations.
The work demonstrates that these ancient Himalayan populations are genetically grouped with modern Tibetans and that they represent an early branch of the Tibetan lineage, making them particularly informative for determining the history of the Tibetan gene pool, its origin and its current distribution among modern Tibetans, and their neighbors.
#History #science #paleogenetics #anthropology #archaeology
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Liu, C.C., Witonsky, D., Gosling, A. et al. Ancient genomes from the Himalayas illuminate the genetic history of Tibetans and their Tibeto-Burman speaking neighbors. Nat Commun 13, 1203 (2022). doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28...
Auxiliary sources:
Gnecchi-Ruscone, G.A., Jeong, C., De Fanti, S. et al. The genomic landscape of Nepalese Tibeto-Burmans reveals new insights into the recent peopling of Southern Himalayas. Sci Rep 7, 15512 (2017). doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-15862-z
1 Ren L, Yang Y, Wang Q, et al. The transformation of cropping patterns from Late Neolithic to Early Iron Age (5900-2100 BP) in the Gansu-Qinghai region of northwest China. The Holocene. 2021;31(2):183-193. doi:10.1177/0959683620941137
Jeong C, Peter BM, Basnyat B, Neupane M, Beall CM, Childs G, et al. (2017) A longitudinal cline characterizes the genetic structure of human populations in the Tibetan plateau. PLoS ONE 12(4): e0175885. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175885
Ancestral Origins and Genetic History of Tibetan Highlanders
Dongsheng Lu, Haiyi Lou, Kai Yuan, Bing Su, Longli Kang, Shuhua Xu
doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.07.002
Genetic Evidence of Paleolithic Colonization and Neolithic Expansion of Modern Humans on the Tibetan Plateau, Molecular Biology and Evolution, Volume 30, Issue 8, August 2013, Pages 1761-1778, Xuebin Qi, Chaoying Cui, Yi Peng, Xiaoming Zhang, Zhaohui Yang, Hua Zhong, Hui Zhang, et. all doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst093
Content:
00:00 Entry
06:24 Ancient samples from the Himalayas
07:23 Genetic structure of the inhabitants of the highlands of East Asia and their neighbors
10:16 Genetic connection between the ancient and modern inhabitants of the Tibetan Plateau
11:17 The dual genetic origin of the inhabitants of the highlands of East Asia
14:39 Two paths to the Himalayas for Tibeto-Burmese speakers
17:02 Long-term positive selection for EPAS1 and EGLN1 gene regions in Tibetans
18:04 Results
Illustrations:
flickr.com: Arian Zwegers
photos/azwegers/15222902034/, photos/azwegers/15225389133/
S Pakhrin - photos/kathmandu/45891258834/, photos/72739078@N00/31673403937/
commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=(list number):
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Vincent Granouillac - 75238177
Bibekgaire14 - 106354540
Artem Zhushman - , 48612823
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Estormiz File:Barley_field_Haukipudas_Oulu_20200816.webm