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Many bacteria have flagella that make them capable of swimming through water-based environments.Motility determination is useful to help determine the identity of unknown bacteria.
There are three ways to determine whether a bacterium is motile (able to swim).First, you can observe live bacteria directly using hanging drop or wet mount
preparations and special optics, such as darkfield or phase contrast. Second, you
can stain flagella using special stains. Third,you can detect motility by growing cultures in specialized media that show whether bacteria have swum away from the initial inoculation.