Existing yellow change interval of 4.5 seconds on a red light camera photo-enforced intersection approach. Based on this approach's field data (www.desmoineswa.gov/common/pa...) and ITE's yellow change interval formula, the yellow change interval should be at least 4.9 seconds in duration. (@ State Route 99/Pacific Highway & S 216th Street in Des Moines, WA).
Note: Roughly 50% of all red-light running violations occur within 0.5 seconds after the onset of the steady red signal indication. In addition, drivers generally do not "adapt" to longer yellow change intervals and continue to run red lights.